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Swift SJ, Dryahina K, Lehnert AS, Demarais N, Langford VS, Perkins MJ, Silva LP, Omezzine Gnioua M, Španěl P. Accurate selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry quantification of ethylene oxide contamination in the presence of acetaldehyde. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6435-6443. [PMID: 37971404 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In September 2020, traces of ethylene oxide (a toxic substance used as a pesticide in developing countries but banned for use on food items within the European Union) were found in foodstuffs containing ingredients derived from imported sesame seed products. Vast numbers of foodstuffs were recalled across Europe due to this contamination, leading to expensive market losses and extensive trace exposure of ethylene oxide to consumers. Therefore, a rapid analysis method is needed to ensure food safety by high-throughput screening for ethylene oxide contamination. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a suitable method for rapid quantification of trace amounts of vapours in the headspace of food samples. It turns out, however, that the presence of acetaldehyde complicates SIFT-MS analyses of its isomer ethylene oxide. It was proposed that a combination of the H3O+ and NO+ reagent ions can be used to analyse ethylene oxide in the presence of acetaldehyde. This method is, however, not robust because of the product ion overlaps and potential interferences from other matrix species. Thus, we studied the kinetics of the reactions of the H3O+, NO+, OH- and O-˙ ions with these two compounds and obtained their rate coefficients and product ion branching ratios. Interpretation of these experimental data revealed that the OH- anions are the most suitable SIFT-MS reagents because the product ions of their reactions with acetaldehyde (CH2CHO- at m/z 43) and ethylene oxide (C2H3O2- at m/z 59) do not overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Swift
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 182 23, Czechia.
| | - Kseniya Dryahina
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 182 23, Czechia.
| | | | - Nicholas Demarais
- Syft Technologies, 68 Saint Asaph Street, Christchurch Central City, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Vaughan S Langford
- Syft Technologies, 68 Saint Asaph Street, Christchurch Central City, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Mark J Perkins
- Element Lab Solutions, Unit 4, Wellbrook Court, Girton Rd, Girton, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK
| | - Leslie P Silva
- Syft Technologies, 675N Euclid St #627, Anaheim, CA 92801, USA
| | - Maroua Omezzine Gnioua
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 182 23, Czechia.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 121 16, Czechia
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 182 23, Czechia.
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Lokesh J, Delaygues M, Defaix R, Le Bechec M, Pigot T, Dupont-Nivet M, Kerneis T, Labbé L, Goardon L, Terrier F, Panserat S, Ricaud K. Interaction between genetics and inulin affects host metabolism in rainbow trout fed a sustainable all plant-based diet. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1105-1120. [PMID: 36690577 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inulin affects nutrition and metabolism in many animals. Although inulin is widely used in the diet of teleosts, its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of inulin (2 %) on the intestinal microbiome and metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for growth and survival when fed a 100 % plant-based diet (suave) and a control line (temoin). Metabolic responses to the two factors (line and inulin) in liver, intestine, muscle and adipose were tissue-specific, with line and interaction between the two factors influencing overall expression in liver. In the intestine, inulin and line and in muscle, line influenced the expression of metabolic genes. Microbiota between the mucus and digestive contents was significantly different, with genera from Proteobacteria being more abundant in the mucus, whereas genera from the Firmicutes and Planctomycetes being more abundant in contents. Effect of inulin and interaction between factors on the microbiome was evident in contents. The significant taxa of control and inulin-fed groups differed greatly with Streptococcus and Weissella being significantly abundant in the inulin-fed group. There was a general trend showing higher levels of all SCFA in temoin group with propionic acid levels being significantly higher. An operational taxonomic unit (OTU) belonging to the Ruminococcaceae was significantly abundant in suave. The tissue-specific correlations between OTU and gene expression may indicate the link between microbiome and metabolism. Together, these results suggest that line and inulin impact the gene expression in a tissue-specific manner, possibly driven by specific OTUs enriched in inulin-fed groups and suave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jep Lokesh
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Marine Delaygues
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Raphaël Defaix
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mickael Le Bechec
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France; Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 avenue Président Angot, 64 053 PAU cedex 9, France
| | - Thierry Pigot
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, Pau, France; Institut des sciences analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2 avenue Président Angot, 64 053 PAU cedex 9, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Frédéric Terrier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA. INRAE, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Swift SJ, Sixtová N, Omezzine Gnioua M, Španěl P. A SIFT-MS study of positive and negative ion chemistry of the ortho-, meta- and para-isomers of cymene, cresol, and ethylphenol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37377058 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02123h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a soft ionisation technique based on gas phase ion-molecule reaction kinetics for the quantification of trace amounts of volatile organic compound vapours. One of its previous limitations is difficulty in resolving isomers, although this can now be overcome using different reactivities of several available reagent cations and anions (H3O+, NO+, O2+˙, O-˙, OH-, O2-˙, NO2-, NO3-). Thus, the ion-molecule reactions of these eight ions with all isomers of the aromatic compounds cymene, cresol and ethylphenol were studied to explore the possibility of their immediate identification and quantification without chromatographic separation. Rate coefficients and product ion branching ratios determined experimentally for the 72 reactions are reported. DFT calculations of their energetics confirmed the feasibility of the suggested reaction pathways. All positive ion reactions proceeded fast but largely did not discriminate between the isomers. The reactivity of the anions was much more varied. In all cases, OH- reacts by proton transfer forming (M-H); NO2- and NO3- were unreactive. The differences observed for product ion branching ratios can be used to identify isomers approximately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Swift
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, v.v.i, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia.
| | - Nikola Sixtová
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, v.v.i, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia.
| | - Maroua Omezzine Gnioua
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, v.v.i, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 120 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, v.v.i, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czechia.
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Ghislain M, Reyrolle M, Sotiropoulos JM, Pigot T, Plaisance H, Le Bechec M. Study of the Chemical Ionization of Organophosphate Esters in Air Using Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry for Direct Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:865-874. [PMID: 35416666 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters are an emerging environmental concern since they spread persistently across all environmental compartments (air, soil, water, etc.). Measurements of semivolatile organic compounds are important but not without challenges due to their physicochemical properties. Selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) can be relevant for their analysis in air because it is a direct analytical method without separation that requires little preparation and no external calibration. SIFT-MS is based on the chemical reactivity of analytes with reactant ions. For volatile and semivolatile organic compound analysis in the gas phase, knowledge of ion-molecule reactions and kinetic parameters is essential for the utilization of this technology. In the present work, we focused on organophosphate esters, semivolatile compounds that are now ubiquitous in the environment. The ion-molecule reactions of eight precursor ions that are available in SIFT-MS (H3O+, NO+, O2•+, OH-, O•-, O2•-, NO2-, and NO3-) with six organophosphate esters were investigated. The modeling of ion-molecule reaction pathways by calculations supported and complemented the experimental work. Organophosphate esters reacted with six of the eight precursor ions with characteristic reaction mechanisms, such as protonation with hydronium precursor ions and association with NO+ ions, while nucleophilic substitution occurred with OH-, O•-, and O2•-. No reaction was observed with NO2- and NO3- ions. This work shows that the direct analysis of semivolatile organic compounds is feasible using SIFT-MS with both positive and negative ionization modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Ghislain
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Marine Reyrolle
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Thierry Pigot
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Hervé Plaisance
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Mickael Le Bechec
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IMT Mines Ales, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
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Baerenzung dit Baron T, Yobrégat O, Jacques A, Simon V, Geffroy O. A novel approach to discriminate the volatilome of Vitis vinifera berries by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry analysis and chemometrics. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ghislain M, Reyrolle M, Sotiropoulos JM, Pigot T, Le Bechec M. Chemical ionization of carboxylic acids and esters in negative mode selected ion flow tube – Mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Direct Mass Spectrometry with Online Headspace Sample Pretreatment for Continuous Water Quality Monitoring. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the use of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry with an automated headspace pretreatment system for the continuous surveillance of water quality at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and rivers. The reaction rates of the target compounds introduced using the headspace method were similar to those of the mass scan library, with a margin of error of <10%. Novel quantitative formulae were derived for the water samples of the target compounds, and the linearity of the calibration curves for both the purified and effluent matrix (0.1–2.0 mg/L) showed a coefficient of determination of 0.98–0.99 for most compounds. The detection limit for 74% of the target substances was 0.02–0.10 mg/L, and the average recoveries were 111.6% and 104.7% for the low- and high-concentration spiked samples, respectively, which are comparable to those of the headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. However, the variability in individual concentrations was still large, due to the unstable control of sample injection flow and pressure. Herein, 79% of the 28 compounds met one-tenth of the proposed method detection limit criteria for emergency operations in WWTP. Field experiments showed that the system was easy to maintain and could be used to monitor chemical accidents.
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