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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Determination of physicochemical parameters of (bio)molecules and (bio)particles by capillary electromigration methods. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400174. [PMID: 38867483 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The review provides an overview of recent developments and applications of capillary electromigration (CE) methods for the determination of important physicochemical parameters of various (bio)molecules and (bio)particles. These parameters include actual and limiting (absolute) ionic mobilities, effective electrophoretic mobilities, effective charges, isoelectric points, electrokinetic potentials, hydrodynamic radii, diffusion coefficients, relative molecular masses, acidity (ionization) constants, binding constants and stoichiometry of (bio)molecular complexes, changes of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy and rate constants of chemical reactions and interactions, retention factors and partition and distribution coefficients. For the determination of these parameters, the following CE methods are employed: zone electrophoresis in a free solution or in sieving media, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography. In the individual sections, the procedures for the determination of the above parameters by the particular CE methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Electromigration methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Electromigration methods, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bržezická T, Mlčochová H, Glatz Z, Kohútová L. Contactless conductivity detector as a tool for improving universality and sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis: Proof of concept. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300667. [PMID: 38234025 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Drug binding to plasma proteins influences processes such as liberation, adsorption, disposition, metabolism, and elimination of drugs, which are thus one of the key steps of a new drug development. As a result, the characterization of drug-protein interactions is an essential part of these time- and money-consuming processes. It is important to determine not only the binding strength and the stoichiometry of interaction, but also the binding site of a drug on a protein molecule, because two drugs with the same binding site can mutually affect free drug concentration. Capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis with mobility shift affinity capillary electrophoresis is one of the most used affinity capillary electrophoresis methods for the characterization of these interactions. In this study, a well-known sensitivity problem of most capillary electrophoresis-frontal analyses using ultraviolet detection is solved by its combination with contactless conductivity detection, which provided sixfold lower limits of quantitation and detection. Binding parameters of the human serum albumin-salicylic acid model affinity pair were evaluated by this newly developed approach and by the classical approach with ultraviolet detection primarily used for their mutual comparison. The results of both approaches agreed well and are also in agreement with literature data obtained using different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taťána Bržezická
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Mlčochová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kohútová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Kalaycıoğlu Z. The affinity of histamine to serum albumin: Capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis and in-silico molecular docking approaches. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300391. [PMID: 37688351 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine found in various body tissues and responsible for many critical vital activities. It is also responsible for allergic reactions in the body. Ingestion of foods containing high amounts of histamine can cause fatal allergic reactions. Albumin in plasma controls drugs and free concentrations of bioactive constituents taken to the body with food. Hence, this study aimed to characterise the interactions of histamine with bovine serum albumin. Capillary electrophoresis in the frontal analysis mode was employed in this study as a practical approach for assessing histamine-bovine serum albumin affinity. The plateau-shaped free histamine peak was well separated from the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-histamine complex peak. The free histamine concentration was obtained by following the height of the free histamine peak. Whereas the bound histamine concentrations were obtained by calculating the difference between the height of total and free histamine peaks. Histamine bound to BSA at one independent site with a Kb value of 2.50 × 103 L/mol. Moreover, an in-silico molecular docking method was performed, and it was revealed that the binding site of histamine was located closer to Lysine-131 in subdomain IIA of bovine serum albumin.
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Bržezická T, Glatz Z, Kohútová L. Sensitivity enhancement of capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis-based method for characterization of drug-protein interactions using on-line sample preconcentration. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300152. [PMID: 37386816 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis is one of the most frequently used approaches for the study of plasma protein-drug interactions as a substantial part of new drug development. However, the capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis typically combined with ultraviolet-visible detection suffers from insufficient concentration sensitivity, particularly for substances with limited solubility and low molar absorption coefficient. The sensitivity problem has been solved in this work by its combination with an on-line sample preconcentration. According to the knowledge of the authors this combination has never been used to characterize plasma protein-drug binding. It resulted in a fully automated and versatile methodology for the characterization of binding interactions. Further, the validated method minimalizes the experimental errors due to a reduction in the manipulation of samples. Moreover, employing an on-line preconcentration strategy with capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis using human serum albumin-salicylic acid as a model system improves the drug concentration sensitivity 17-fold compared to the conventional method. The value of binding constant (1.51 ± 0.63) · 104 L/mol obtained by this new capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis modification is in agreement with the value (1.13 ± 0.28) ·104 L/mol estimated by a conventional variant of capillary electrophoresis-frontal analysis without the preconcentration step, as well as with literature data obtained using different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taťána Bržezická
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kohútová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Hatch A, Hage DS. Analysis of drug interactions with serum proteins and related binding agents by affinity capillary electrophoresis: A review. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2302-2323. [PMID: 36250426 PMCID: PMC10098505 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules such as serum proteins can interact with drugs in the body and influence their pharmaceutical effects. Specific and precise methods that analyze these interactions are critical for drug development or monitoring and for diagnostic purposes. Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is one technique that can be used to examine the binding between drugs and serum proteins, or other agents found in serum or blood. This article will review the basic principles of ACE, along with related affinity-based capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods, and examine recent developments that have occurred in this field as related to the characterization of drug-protein interactions. An overview will be given of the various formats that can be used in ACE and CE for such work, including the relative advantages or weaknesses of each approach. Various applications of ACE and affinity-based CE methods for the analysis of drug interactions with serum proteins and other binding agents will also be presented. Applications of ACE and related techniques that will be discussed include drug interaction studies with serum agents, chiral drug separations employing serum proteins, and the use of CE in hybrid methods to characterize drug binding with serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Arden Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Utilizing Fe (III)-doped carbon quantum dots as a nanoprobe for deferiprone determination in exhaled breath condensate. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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El Deeb S, Al-Harrasi A, Khan A, Al-Broumi M, Al-Thani G, Alomairi M, Elumalai P, Sayed RA, Ibrahim AE. Microscale thermophoresis as a powerful growing analytical technique for the investigation of biomolecular interaction and the determination of binding parameters. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35856854 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac82a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro panel of technologies to address biomolecular interactions are in play, however microscale thermophoresis is continuously increasing in use to represent a key player in this arena. This review highlights the usefulness of microscale thermophoresis in the determination of molecular and biomolecular affinity interactions. This work reviews the literature from January 2016 to January 2022 about microscale thermophoresis. It gives a summarized overview about both the state-of the art and the development in the field of microscale thermophoresis. The principle of microscale thermophoresis is also described supported with self-created illustrations. Moreover, some recent advances are mentioned that showing application of the technique in investigating biomolecular interactions in different fields. Finally, advantages as well as drawbacks of the technique in comparison with other competing techniques are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, 38106, GERMANY
| | | | - Ajmal Khan
- University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, OMAN
| | | | | | | | | | - Rania A Sayed
- Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Zagazig, 44519, EGYPT
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Port Said University, Port Said, Port Said, 42526, EGYPT
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Fares MY, Hegazy MA, El-Sayed GM, Abdelrahman MM, Abdelwahab NS. Quality by design approach for green HPLC method development for simultaneous analysis of two thalassemia drugs in biological fluid with pharmacokinetic study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13896-13916. [PMID: 35548387 PMCID: PMC9084420 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00966h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work implements a combined experimental approach of analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) and green analytical chemistry (GAC) to develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the two thalassemia drugs, deferasirox (DFX) and deferiprone (DFP), in biological fluid for the first time. This integration was designed to maximize efficiency and minimize environmental impacts, as well as energy and solvent consumption. To accomplish this goal, an analytical quality-by-design approach was performed, beginning with quality risk assessment and scouting analysis, followed by Placket-Burman design screening for five chromatographic parameters. Critical method parameters were thoroughly recognized and then optimized by using a two levels-three factors custom experimental design to evaluate the optimum conditions that achieved the highest resolution with acceptable peak symmetry within the shortest run time. The desirability function was used to define the optimal chromatographic conditions, and the optimal separation was achieved using an XBridge® HPLC RP-C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column with ethanol : acidic water at pH 3.0 adjusted by phosphoric acid in the ratio of (70 : 30, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 with UV detection at 225 nm at a temperature of 25 °C. Linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.30-20.00 μg mL-1 and 0.20-20.00 μg mL-1 for DFX and DFP, respectively, using 20.00 μg mL-1 ibuprofen (IBF) as an internal standard. The established method's greenness profile was evaluated and measured using various assessment tools, and the developed method was green. For the validation of the developed method, FDA recommendations were followed, and all the results obtained met the acceptance criteria. The suggested method was successfully used to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of DFX and DFP in rat plasma. Due to the substantial increase in bioavailability of the two iron chelating drugs, the results from this study strongly recommend their co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Y Fares
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Sharq El-Nile 62511 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt +20-100-548-6038
| | - Ghada M El-Sayed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt +20-100-548-6038
| | - Maha M Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Nada S Abdelwahab
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
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