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Felix CSA, Chagas AVB, de Jesus RF, Barbosa WT, Barbosa JDV, Ferreira SLC, Cerdà V. Synthesis and Application of a New Polymer with Imprinted Ions for the Preconcentration of Uranium in Natural Water Samples and Determination by Digital Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104065. [PMID: 37241808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes the synthesis of a new polymer with imprinted ions (IIP) for the pre-concentration of uranium in natural waters using digital imaging as a detection technique. The polymer was synthesized using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP) for complex formation, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinking reagent, methacrylic acid (AMA) as functional monomer, and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as a radical initiator. The IIP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (FTIR). Uranium determination was performed using digital imaging (ID), and some experimental conditions (sample pH, eluent concentration, and sampling flow rate) were optimized using a two-level full factorial design and Doelhert response surface methodology. Thus, using the optimized conditions, the system allowed the determination of uranium with detection and quantification limits of 2.55 and 8.51 µg L-1, respectively, and a pre-concentration factor of 8.2. All parameters were determined using a 25 mL sample volume. The precision expressed as relative deviation (RSD%) was 3.5% for a solution with a concentration of 50 µg L-1. Given this, the proposed method was used for the determination of uranium in four samples of natural waters collected in the city of Caetité, Bahia, Brazil. The concentrations obtained ranged from 35 to 75.4 μg L-1. The accuracy was evaluated by the addition/recovery test, and the values found ranged between 91 and 109%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio S A Felix
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Campus Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil
- Centro Interdiciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Adriano V B Chagas
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Campus Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Rafael F de Jesus
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Campus Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Willams T Barbosa
- SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Tecnologia Industrial, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Josiane D V Barbosa
- SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Tecnologia Industrial, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Sergio L C Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Campus Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Víctor Cerdà
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Fernandes GM, Silva WR, Barreto DN, Lamarca RS, Lima Gomes PCF, Flávio da S Petruci J, Batista AD. Novel approaches for colorimetric measurements in analytical chemistry - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1135:187-203. [PMID: 33070854 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric techniques have been developed and used in routine analyses for over a century and apparently all their potentialities have been exhaustively explored. However, colorimetric techniques have gained high visibility in the last two decades mainly because of the development of the miniaturization concept, for example, paper-based analytical devices that mostly employ colorimetric reactions, and by the advances and popularity of image capture instruments. The impressive increase in the use of these devices was followed by the development and enhancement of different modes of color detection to meet the demands of making qualitative, semi-quantitative, and fully quantitative analyses of multiple analytes. Cameras, scanners, and smartphones are now being used for this purpose and have become suitable alternatives for different approaches to colorimetric analysis; this, in addition to advancements in miniaturized devices. On the other hand, recent developments in optoelectronics technologies have launched more powerful, more stable and cheaper light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which once again have become an interesting tool for the design of portable and miniaturized devices based on colored reactions. Here, we present a critical review of recent developments and challenges of colorimetric detection in modern analytical chemistry in the last five years, and present thoughts and insights towards future perspectives in the area to improve the use of colorimetric detection in different application approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Martins Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Weida R Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Diandra Nunes Barreto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Lamarca
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Materials (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Clairmont F Lima Gomes
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Materials (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - João Flávio da S Petruci
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Alex D Batista
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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