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Soltan Dallal MM, Nasser A, Karimaei S. Characterization of Virulence Genotypes, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, and Biofilm Synthesis in Salmonella spp Isolated from Foodborne Outbreaks. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:4805228. [PMID: 39346023 PMCID: PMC11436275 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4805228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella is the main bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne disease, particularly in developing countries. Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) include Enteritidis and Typhimurium as the most prevalent strains which are one of the significant causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. Therefore, identifying the most predominant serovars, types of common contaminated food, and paying attention to their antibiotic resistance are the main factors in the prevention and control strategy of salmonellosis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence rate of serovars, the biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) status, and phenotypic virulence factors of Salmonella strains isolated from diarrhea samples in some cities of Iran. A total of 40 (10.41%) Salmonella isolates were recovered from 384 diarrhea samples processed and the most common serovar was Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (82.5). Also, all isolates belonging to serovar Typhimurium showed more virulence factors compared to other serovars. The isolates showed a high resistance rate to ampicillin (95%) and nalidixic acid (87.5%), while a low resistance rate was found for chloramphenicol (2.5%). Moreover, significant variances in the capacity of biofilm formation were found between different Salmonella serotypes. The resistance of NTS to extant choice drugs is a potential public health problem. Constant monitoring of AMR pattern and virulence profile of NTS serovars is suggested for the prevention of salmonellosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Food Microbiology Research CenterTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nasser
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Karimaei
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Shang Y, Wang J, Xia H, Jiao C, Javaid N, Liu X, Li J, Zeng J. A highly sensitive point-of-care detection platform for Salmonella typhimurium by integrating magnetic enrichment and fluorescent CsPbBr 3@SiO 2. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:303. [PMID: 38709340 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
A platform was designed based on Fe3O4 and CsPbBr3@SiO2 for integrated magnetic enrichment-fluorescence detection of Salmonella typhimurium, which significantly simplifies the detection process and enhances the working efficiency. Fe3O4 served as a magnetic enrichment unit for the capture of S. typhimurium. CsPbBr3@SiO2 was employed as a fluorescence-sensing unit for quantitative signal output, where SiO2 was introduced to strengthen the stability of CsPbBr3, improve its biomodificability, and prevent lead leakage. More importantly, the SiO2 shell shows neglectable absorption or scattering towards fluorescence, making the CsPbBr3@SiO2 exhibit a high quantum yield of 74.4%. After magnetic enrichment, the decreasing rate of the fluorescence emission intensity of the CsPbBr3@SiO2 supernatant at 527 nm under excitation light at UV 365 nm showed a strong linear correlation with S. typhimurium concentration of 1 × 102~1 × 108 CFU∙mL-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) reached 12.72 CFU∙mL-1. This platform has demonstrated outstanding stability, reproducibility, and resistance to interference, which provides an alternative for convenient and quantitative detection of S. typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Hongkun Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Chunpeng Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Nafisa Javaid
- Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
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Podlacha M, Węgrzyn G, Węgrzyn A. Bacteriophages-Dangerous Viruses Acting Incognito or Underestimated Saviors in the Fight against Bacteria? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2107. [PMID: 38396784 PMCID: PMC10889324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The steadily increasing number of drug-resistant bacterial species has prompted the search for alternative treatments, resulting in a growing interest in bacteriophages. Although they are viruses infecting bacterial cells, bacteriophages are an extremely important part of the human microbiota. By interacting with eukaryotic cells, they are able to modulate the functioning of many systems, including the immune and nervous systems, affecting not only the homeostasis of the organism, but potentially also the regulation of pathological processes. Therefore, the aim of this review is to answer the questions of (i) how animal/human immune systems respond to bacteriophages under physiological conditions and under conditions of reduced immunity, especially during bacterial infection; (ii) whether bacteriophages can induce negative changes in brain functioning after crossing the blood-brain barrier, which could result in various disorders or in an increase in the risk of neurodegenerative diseases; and (iii) how bacteriophages can modify gut microbiota. The crucial dilemma is whether administration of bacteriophages is always beneficial or rather if it may involve any risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Podlacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (G.W.)
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Phage Therapy Center, University Center for Applied and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Gdansk, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
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Soltan Dallal MM, Karimaei S, Hajighasem M, Hashemi SJ, Rahimi Foroushani A, Ghazi‐Khansari M, Partoazar A. Evaluation of zinc oxide nanocomposite with Aloe vera gel for packaging of chicken fillet against Salmonella typhi and Salmonella para typhi A. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5882-5889. [PMID: 37823100 PMCID: PMC10563724 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for high food quality has been encouraging researchers in the food industry to apply biodegradable nanocomposites, which provide new opportunities and challenges for the advance of nanomaterials in the food industry. The objective of this study was to estimate the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity effects of zinc oxide nanocomposite/zeolite (c/Zeo) with Aloe vera gel (AG) and its effect on the shelf life of chicken meat. The ZnONPs/Zeo was assessed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses. The cytotoxicity effect of ZnONPs/Zeo was assessed by MTT assay. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ZnONPs/Zeo and ZnONPs/Zeo-AG against Salmonella typhi and Salmonella para typhi A were investigated. Also, the preservative effect of nanocomposites on chicken fillets was evaluated. The results showed that these nanocomposites have the least cytotoxicity effect, resulting in good biocompatibility with the host. The MIC and MBC values of ZnONPs/Zeo-AG were lower than the ZnONPs/Zeo against S. typhi and S. paratyphi A. Both ZnONPs/Zeo-AG and ZnONPs/Zeo caused a significant decrease in the bacterial count of the chicken fillets. So, by spraying on meat, the number of bacteria presented a sharper decline as compared with the control group, resulting in an approximately 3.3 and 3-log10 reduction over 48 h in the ZnONPs/Zeo-AG and ZnONPs/Zeo treatment samples, respectively. In conclusion, antimicrobial packaging with ZnONPs containing A. vera is a beneficial solution for preserving and improving the quality, safety, and shelf life of fresh meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Food Microbiology Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Samira Karimaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Hajighasem
- Division of Food Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi‐Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Experimental Medicine Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Grabowski Ł, Pierzynowska K, Kosznik-Kwaśnicka K, Stasiłojć M, Jerzemowska G, Węgrzyn A, Węgrzyn G, Podlacha M. Sex-dependent differences in behavioral and immunological responses to antibiotic and bacteriophage administration in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133358. [PMID: 37304279 PMCID: PMC10247983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The problem of antibiotic resistance is a global one, involving many industries and entailing huge financial outlays. Therefore, the search for alternative methods to combat drug-resistant bacteria has a priority status. Great potential is seen in bacteriophages which have the natural ability to kill bacterial cells. Bacteriophages also have several advantages over antibiotics. Firstly, they are considered ecologically safe (harmless to humans, plants and animals). Secondly, bacteriophages preparations are readily producible and easy to apply. However, before bacteriophages can be authorized for medical and veterinary use, they must be accurately characterized in vitro and in vivo to determinate safety. Methods Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify for the first time the behavioral and immunological responses of both male and female mice (C57BL/6J) to bacteriophage cocktail, composed of two bacteriophages, and to two commonly used antibiotics, enrofloxacin and tetracycline. Animal behavior, the percentage of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations, cytokine concentrations, blood hematological parameters, gastrointestinal microbiome analysis and the size of internal organs, were evaluated. Results Unexpectedly, we observed a sex-dependent, negative effect of antibiotic therapy, which not only involved the functioning of the immune system, but could also significantly impaired the activity of the central nervous system, as manifested by disruption of the behavioral pattern, especially exacerbated in females. In contrast to antibiotics, complex behavioral and immunological analyses confirmed the lack of adverse effects during the bacteriophage cocktail administration. Discussion The mechanism of the differences between males and females in appearance of adverse effects, related to the behavioral and immune functions, in the response to antibiotic treatment remains to be elucidated. One might imagine that differences in hormones and/or different permeability of the blood-brain barrier can be important factors, however, extensive studies are required to find the real reason(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Bacteriophage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka
- Laboratory of Bacteriophage Therapy, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stasiłojć
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grażyna Jerzemowska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- Phage Therapy Center, University Center of Applied and Interdisciplinary Research, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Podlacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Bauza-Kaszewska J, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. Antibiotic Resistance in Selected Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens-An Issue of Concern? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050880. [PMID: 37237783 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) have been confirmed for all major foodborne pathogens: Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Of great concern to scientists and physicians are also reports of antibiotic-resistant emerging food pathogens-microorganisms that have not previously been linked to food contamination or were considered epidemiologically insignificant. Since the properties of foodborne pathogens are not always sufficiently recognized, the consequences of the infections are often not easily predictable, and the control of their activity is difficult. The bacteria most commonly identified as emerging foodborne pathogens include Aliarcobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Cronobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Streptocccus suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. The results of our analysis confirm antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance among the mentioned species. Among the antibiotics whose effectiveness is steadily declining due to expanding resistance among bacteria isolated from food are β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Continuous and thorough monitoring of strains isolated from food is necessary to characterize the existing mechanisms of resistance. In our opinion, this review shows the scale of the problem of microbes related to health, which should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Sielski Galvão Soares L, Casella T, Kawagoe EK, Benetti Filho V, Omori WP, Nogueira MCL, Wagner G, Rodrigues de Oliveira R, Stahlhofer SR, Antunes Ferreira F, Tondo EC, De Dea Lindner J. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella Heidelberg in the south of Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 391-393:110151. [PMID: 36871395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is the main human pathogen present in the poultry chain. Salmonella Heidelberg is one of the most important serovars for public health since it has been frequently isolated in broiler chickens from different countries and may present multidrug resistance (MDR). This study was carried out with 130 S. Heidelberg isolates collected from pre-slaughter broiler farms in 2019 and 2020 in 18 cities from three Brazilian states to study relevant aspects regarding their genotypic and phenotypic resistance. The isolates were tested and identified using somatic and flagellar antiserum (0:4, H:2, and H:r), and an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was performed against 11 antibiotics for veterinary use. The strains were typed by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR, and representatives of the main clusters of the identified profiles were sequenced by Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). AST results showed that all isolates were resistant to sulfonamide, 54 % (70/130) were resistant to amoxicillin, and only one was sensitive to tetracycline. Twelve isolates (15.4 %) were MDR. The dendrogram obtained from the ERIC-PCR showed that the strains were grouped into 27 clusters with similarity above 90 %, with some isolates showing 100 % similarity but with different phenotypic profiles of antimicrobial resistance. Identical strains collected on the same farm on other dates were identified, indicating that they were residents. WGS identified 66 antibiotic-resistance genes. The sul2 (present in all sequenced samples) and tet(A) genes were highlighted and validated in the experimental analysis. The fosA7 gene was also identified in all sequenced samples, but resistance was not observed in the phenotypic test, possibly due to the heteroresistance of the S. Heidelberg strains evaluated. Considering that chicken meat is one of the most consumed meats in the world, the data obtained in the present study can corroborate the mapping of the origin and trends of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Sielski Galvão Soares
- Food Technology and Bioprocess Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Casella
- Center for Microorganisms Investigation, São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric Kazuo Kawagoe
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Vilmar Benetti Filho
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira
- Center for Microorganisms Investigation, São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Cesar Tondo
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Control, Institute of Food Science and Food Technology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (ICTA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano De Dea Lindner
- Food Technology and Bioprocess Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Wójcicki M, Chmielarczyk A, Świder O, Średnicka P, Strus M, Kasperski T, Shymialevich D, Cieślak H, Emanowicz P, Kowalczyk M, Sokołowska B, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Bacterial Pathogens in the Food Industry: Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Food Chain Links. Pathogens 2022; 11:1323. [PMID: 36365074 PMCID: PMC9692263 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Fifty-three strains of Salmonella deposited in the Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms-Microbiological Resources Center (IAFB) were identified using molecular and proteomic analyses. Moreover, the genetic similarity of the tested strains was determined using the PFGE method. Main virulence genes were identified, and phenotypical antibiotic susceptibility profiles and prevalence of resistance genes were analyzed. Subsequently, the occurrence of the main mechanisms of β-lactam resistance was determined. Virulence genes, invA, fimA, and stn were identified in all tested strains. Phenotypic tests, including 28 antibiotics, showed that 50.9% of the strains were MDR. The tet genes associated with tetracyclines resistance were the most frequently identified genes. Concerning the genes associated with ESBL-producing Salmonella, no resistance to the TEM and CTX-M type was identified, and only two strains (KKP 1597 and KKP 1610) showed resistance to SHV. No strains exhibited AmpC-type resistance but for six Salmonella strains, the efflux-related resistance of PSE-1 was presented. The high number of resistant strains in combination with multiple ARGs in Salmonella indicates the possible overuse of antibiotics. Our results showed that it is necessary to monitor antimicrobial resistance profiles in all food chain links constantly and to implement a policy of proper antibiotic stewardship to contain or at least significantly limit the further acquisition of antibiotic resistance among Salmonella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Strus
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kasperski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Dziyana Shymialevich
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Cieślak
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Emanowicz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Manzari M, Fani F, Alebouyeh M, Moaddeli A, Rahnamaye Farzami M, Amin Shahidi M, Shekarforoush SS. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains from food animals as a potential source for human infection in Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mhone AL, Makumi A, Odaba J, Guantai L, Gunathilake KMD, Loignon S, Ngugi CW, Akhwale JK, Moineau S, Svitek N. Salmonella Enteritidis Bacteriophages Isolated from Kenyan Poultry Farms Demonstrate Time-Dependent Stability in Environments Mimicking the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081788. [PMID: 36016410 PMCID: PMC9416366 DOI: 10.3390/v14081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica Enteritidis is one of the major causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide. This non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovar is mainly transmitted to humans through poultry products. Bacteriophages (phages) offer an alternative to antibiotics for reducing the incidence of MDR NTS in poultry farms. Phages that survive the harsh environment of the chicken gastrointestinal tract (cGIT), which have low pH, high temperatures, and several enzymes, may have a higher therapeutic or prophylactic potential. In this study, we analysed the stability of 10 different S. Enteritidis phages isolated from Kenyan poultry farms in different pH-adjusted media, incubation temperatures, as well as simulated gastric and intestinal fluids (SGF and SIF, respectively). Furthermore, their ability to persist in water sources available in Kenya, including river, borehole, rain and tap water, was assessed. All phages were relatively stable for 12 h at pHs ranging from 5 to 9 and at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 42 °C. At pH 3, a loss in viral titre of up to three logs was observed after 3 h of incubation. In SGF, phages were stable for 20 min, after which they started losing infectivity. Phages were relatively stable in SIF for up to 2 h. The efficacy of phages to control Salmonella growth was highly reduced in pH 2- and pH 3-adjusted media and in SGF at pH 2.5, but less affected in SIF at pH 8. River water had the most significant detrimental effect on phages, while the other tested waters had a limited impact on the phages. Our data suggest that these phages may be administered to chickens through drinking water and may survive cGIT to prevent salmonellosis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Lucky Mhone
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Angela Makumi
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Josiah Odaba
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Linda Guantai
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - K. M. Damitha Gunathilake
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Loignon
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Wangari Ngugi
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Juliah Khayeli Akhwale
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Sylvain Moineau
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Svitek
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Correspondence:
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11
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Heterologous overexpression and preliminary antimicrobial activity test of salmocin M, a novel colicin M-like bacteriocin against Salmonella sp. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:154. [PMID: 35088215 PMCID: PMC8794732 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, it is extremely important to identify and describe new alternative compounds with potential antimicrobial properties. Since various natural biological systems are capable of producing active compounds with such properties, many of them have been the subject of intensive study. The aim of this work was to heterologously overexpress, purify and preliminarily investigate the antimicrobial activity of a novel bacteriocin found in Salmonella species. Overexpressed protein shows an amino acid structure homologous to the well-known colicin M and was never expressed previously in the E. coli platform. Purified salmocin M showed an inhibition spectrum against Salmonella and E. coli strains. To determine its potential as an antimicrobial agent for use in medicine or the food industry, preliminary antimicrobial tests against pathogenic bacteria were carried out. Our research demonstrates that bacteriocin can be produced efficiently in bacterial expression systems, which are one of the cheapest and the most popular platforms for recombinant protein production. Moreover, preliminary results of microbiological tests showed its activity against most of the bacterial strains in a dose-dependent manner.
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12
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Sun Q, Liu X, Tang H, Qian Y, Gu H, He H. A Sandwich‐type Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Sensitive Determination of
Salmonella
Typhimurium in Food. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Sun
- School of Public Health Nantong University 226019 Nantong P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Jiangyin Center for Disease Control and Prevention 214431 Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Haowen Tang
- School of Public Health Nantong University 226019 Nantong P. R. China
| | - Yuying Qian
- School of Public Health Nantong University 226019 Nantong P. R. China
| | - Haiying Gu
- School of Public Health Nantong University 226019 Nantong P. R. China
| | - Hong He
- Affiliated Hospital Nantong University 226001 Nantong P. R. China
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13
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Yassin MT, Mostafa AAF, Al Askar AA. In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Different Solvent Extracts of Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) Peels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122742. [PMID: 34961213 PMCID: PMC8709468 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, a high incidence of food poisoning diseases besides harmful implications of applying synthetic food additives in food preservation necessitates fabrication of safe food preservatives. Additionally, damaging effects of free radicals on human health has been reported to be involved in the incidence of serious diseases, including cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases; hence, finding safe sources of antioxidants is vital. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the antibacterial, antiradical and carcinopreventive efficacy of different solvent extracts of pomegranate peels. Agar disk diffusion assay revealed that Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, E. coli and S. typhimurium were highly susceptible to methanolic fraction of Punica granatum L. peels recording inhibition zones of 23.7, 21.8, 15.6 and 14.7 mm respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the methanolic fraction of Punica granatum L. peels against S. aureus were 0.125 and 0.250 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the pomegranate acetonic and methanolic fractions revealed an impressive antiradical efficiency against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical recording radical scavenging activity percentages of 86.9 and 79.4%, respectively. In this regard, the acetonic fraction of pomegranate peels revealed the highest anti-proliferative efficiency after 48 h incubation against MCF7 cancer cells recording IC50 of 8.15 µg/mL, while the methanolic extract was highly selective against transformed cancer cells compared to normal cell line recording selectivity index of 5.93. GC-MS results demonstrated that 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural was the main active component of methanolic and acetonic extracts of pomegranate peels recording relative percentages of 37.55 and 28.84% respectively. The study recommends application of pomegranate peel extracts in the biofabrication of safe food preservatives, antioxidants and carcinopreventive agents.
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14
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Overview of Rapid Detection Methods for Salmonella in Foods: Progress and Challenges. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102402. [PMID: 34681451 PMCID: PMC8535149 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella contamination in food production and processing is a serious threat to consumer health. More and more rapid detection methods have been proposed to compensate for the inefficiency of traditional bacterial cultures to suppress the high prevalence of Salmonella more efficiently. The contamination of Salmonella in foods can be identified by recognition elements and screened using rapid detection methods with different measurable signals (optical, electrical, etc.). Therefore, the different signal transduction mechanisms and Salmonella recognition elements are the key of the sensitivity, accuracy and specificity for the rapid detection methods. In this review, the bioreceptors for Salmonella were firstly summarized and described, then the current promising Salmonella rapid detection methods in foodstuffs with different signal transduction were objectively summarized and evaluated. Moreover, the challenges faced by these methods in practical monitoring and the development prospect were also emphasized to shed light on a new perspective for the Salmonella rapid detection methods applications.
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15
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Bonah E, Huang X, Hongying Y, Aheto JH, Yi R, Yu S, Tu H. Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium contamination levels in fresh pork samples using electronic nose smellprints in tandem with support vector machine regression and metaheuristic optimization algorithms. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:3861-3870. [PMID: 34471310 PMCID: PMC8357911 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection and quantification of bacterial foodborne pathogens are crucial in reducing the incidence of diseases associated with meat products contaminated with pathogens. For the identification, discrimination and quantification of Salmonella Typhimurium contamination in pork samples, a commercial electronic nose with ten (10) metal oxide semiconductor sensor array is applied. Principal component analysis was successfully applied for discrimination of inoculated samples and inoculated samples at different contaminant levels. Support vector machine regression (SVMR) together with a metaheuristic framework using genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and grid searching (GS) optimization algorithms were applied for S. Typhimurium quantification. Although SVMR results were satisfactory, SVMR hyperparameter tuning (c and g) by PSO, GA and GS showed superior performance of the models. The order of the prediction accuracy based on the prediction set was GA-SVMR (R P 2 = 0.989; RMSEP = 0.137; RPD = 14.93) > PSO-SVMR (R P 2 = 0.986; RMSEP = 0.145; RPD = 14.11) > GS-SVMR (R P 2 = 0.966; RMSEP = 0.148; RPD = 13.82) > SVMR (R P 2 = 0.949; RMSEP = 0.162; RPD = 12.63). GA-SVMR's proposed approach was fairly more effective and retained an excellent prediction accuracy. A clear relationship was identified between odor analysis results, and reference traditional microbial test, indicating that the electronic nose is useful for accurate microbial volatile organic compound evaluation in the quantification of S. Typhimurium in a food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Bonah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Services Department, Food and Drugs Authority, P. O. Box CT 2783, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana
| | - Xingyi Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Hongying
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Joshua Harrington Aheto
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren Yi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Smart Agriculture, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, XiYuan Road 279, Suzhou, 215000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Tu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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16
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Ye Q, Shang Y, Chen M, Pang R, Li F, Wang C, Xiang X, Zhou B, Zhang S, Zhang J, Wu S, Xue L, Ding Y, Wu Q. Identification of new serovar-specific detection targets against salmonella B serogroup using large-scale comparative genomics. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Shang Y, Ye Q, Wu Q, Pang R, Xiang X, Wang C, Li F, Zhou B, Xue L, Zhang Y, Sun X, Zhang J. PCR identification of Salmonella serovars for the E serogroup based on novel specific targets obtained by pan-genome analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Salmonella enterica Serovar Minnesota Biofilms, Susceptibility to Biocides, and Molecular Characterization. PATHOGENS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:pathogens10050581. [PMID: 34064554 PMCID: PMC8150743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of virulence genes, phylogenetic relationships, biofilm formation index (BFI), and ultrastructure in S. Minnesota at different temperatures (4, 25, and 36 °C) were analyzed. In addition, the ability of biocidal agents (chlorhexidine1%, sodium hypochlorite 1%, and peracetic acid 0.8%) to inhibit biofilms formed by 20 strains isolated from broiler slaughter plants from two Brazilian companies in 2009, 2010, and 2014 was determined. The presence of specific genes was evaluated by PCR and phylogeny between strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The BFI was determined using tryptone soy broth with 5% of chicken juice, and its structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of specific genes indicated that S. Minnesota has the potential to cause disease in humans, adapting to adverse conditions. Temperatures of 25 and 36 °C favored biofilm formation, although at 4 °C, there was still biomass that could contaminate the final product. Tolerance to all biocides was identified in 12/20 (60%), representing a real risk of adaptation mechanisms development, especially regarding to resistance to sodium hypochlorite. Phylogenetic analysis indicated cross-contamination and spread among companies, which was probably related to biofilms formation. Results show the necessity of attention to this serovar considering its resistance to sodium hypochlorite, including the need for rigorous control, adopting low temperatures to prevent biofilms formation in the poultry industry.
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19
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Fahimirad S, Fahimirad Z, Sillanpää M. Efficient removal of water bacteria and viruses using electrospun nanofibers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141673. [PMID: 32866832 PMCID: PMC7428676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic contamination has been considered as a significant worldwide water quality concern. Due to providing promising opportunities for the production of nanocomposite membranes with tailored porosity, adjustable pore size, and scaled-up ability of biomolecules incorporation, electrospinning has become the center of attention. This review intends to provide a detailed summary of the recent advances in the fabrication of antibacterial and antiviral electrospun nanofibers and discuss their application efficiency as a water filtration membrane. The current review attempts to give a functionalist perspective of the fundamental progress in construction strategies of antibacterial and antiviral electrospun nanofibers. The review provides a list of antibacterial and antiviral agents commonly used as water membrane filters and discusses the challenges in the incorporation process. We have thoroughly studied the recent application of functionalized electrospun nanofibers in the water disinfection process, with an emphasis on their efficiency. Moreover, different antibacterial and antiviral assay techniques for membranes are discussed, the gaps and limitations are highlighted and promising strategies to overcome barriers are studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Fahimirad
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Zahra Fahimirad
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia.
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20
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Maguiña-Molina C, Pons MJ, Beltrán MJ, Morales-Cauti S. Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated in Paca ( Cuniculus paca) Carcasses from the Belen Market, Iquitos, Perú. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:131-138. [PMID: 33085530 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of wildlife meat is traditionally accepted in the Peruvian Amazon; however, little is known about the pathogens present in this type of food. One of the most frequently consumed species is a rodent, the paca (Cuniculus paca) or "majaz" in the Peruvian language. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Salmonella enterica and its antimicrobial resistance profile in paca carcasses sold in the Belen Market of Iquitos-Peru. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. Fresh and smoked paca carcasses (72 samples) were evaluated during the low-rain period (July 2019) in the traditional market of Iquitos, in the Amazonian Region. Meat samples were swabbed, and International Standards Organization (ISO) 6579-1: 2017 protocol was followed to Salmonella isolation. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis was performed by the disk diffusion method. In addition, serotyping was performed by using the Kauffmann-White scheme. A total of 25 strains of S. enterica were isolated in the paca carcasses, mainly in fresh carcasses (48.6%). The serovars isolated were Agona (45.8%), Infantis (41.7%), Wangata (8.3%), and Javiana (4.2%). A considerable number of the isolated strains were multidrug resistant (40%). The highest prevalence of resistance corresponded to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (64%) followed by nitrofurantoin (44%), chloramphenicol (40%), cefotaxime (40%), and nalidixic acid (40%). Ten strains isolated (40%) were identified as producers of extended spectrum beta lactamases, all in S. enterica serovar Infantis. This study describes the presence of Salmonella Infantis with multidrug resistance profiles in wildlife meat carcasses, making the consumption of this type of products a risk factor for the development of foodborne diseases in the Amazon region. Institutional Review Board: Approval Resolution of Thesis Project: N° 024-DACMVZ-DAFCVB-U.CIENTÍFICA-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria J Pons
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Genómica Bacteriana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Manuel J Beltrán
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Siever Morales-Cauti
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
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