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Roustaei F, Baghdadi M, Marjani A, Alimoradi M. Spectrophotometric determination of phenol impurity in phenoxyethanol and phenol index of drinking water and municipal wastewater effluent after salting-out assisted liquid phase microextraction (SA-LPME). Heliyon 2024; 10:e27143. [PMID: 38455586 PMCID: PMC10918212 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel and convenient analytical method based on salting-out-assisted liquid phase microextraction (SA-LPME) has been developed. A spectrophotometric technique was employed to quantify the concentration of phenol in drinking water and treated wastewater, as well as the phenol impurity in 2-phenoxyethanol (PE). To accomplish this, a solution containing dissolved PE was supplemented with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) and hexacyanoferrate. Subsequently, NaCl was added to induce the formation of a two-phase system, consisting of fine droplets of PE as an extractant phase in the aqueous phase. The resulting red derivative was then extracted into the extractant phase and separated through centrifugation. Finally, the absorbance of the extracted derivative was measured at 520 nm. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize the influential factors, namely 4-Aminoantipyrine (4-AAP), buffer (pH = 10), hexacyanoferrate, and NaCl. By utilizing the optimal conditions (buffer: 50 μL, 4-AAP (1% w/v): 80 μL, hexacyanoferrate (10% w/v): 65 μL, and NaCl: 0.7 g per 10 mL of the sample), the limit of detection was determined to be 0.7 ng mL-1 and 0.22 μg g-1 for water and PE samples, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) and correlation of determination (r2) obtained fell within the range of 2.4-6.8% and 0.9983-0.9994, respectively. Moreover, an enrichment factor of 65 was achieved for a sample volume of 10 mL. The phenol concentration in two PE samples (PE-1, PE-2), provided by a pharmaceutical company (Pars Sadra Fanavar, Iran), were determined to be 0.83 ± 0.05 μg g-1 and 2.70 ± 0.14 μg g-1, respectively. Additionally, the phenol index in drinking water and treated municipal wastewater was found to be 3.60 ± 1.06 ng mL-1 and 4.60 ± 1.17 ng mL-1, respectively. These mentioned samples were spiked in order to evaluate the potential influence of the matrix. The relative recoveries from PE-1, PE-2 samples, drinking water, and treated municipal wastewater samples were measured as 104.5%, 97.5%, 101.6%, and 107.8%, respectively, indicating no matrix effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Roustaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
| | - Majid Baghdadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 1417853111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Marjani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alimoradi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
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Li H, Meng F, Leng Y, Li A. Emergency response to ecological protection in maritime phenol spills: Emergency monitor, ecological risk assessment, and reduction. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116073. [PMID: 38325202 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Recently, hundreds of maritime accidental spills of hazardous chemicals have raised public concerns, especially for phenol due to its potential of spills and highly toxicity. Therefore, for marine ecological protection, this article prepared specific strategies of emergency response to phenol spills. Through the identification for phenol behavior at sea, migration prediction, emergency monitor, as well as their new methods were reviewed. Further, ecological risk assessment and seawater quality criteria were conducted by using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach, wherein, risk quotient (RQ) indicated phenol of simulated marine spills posed a high risk (RQ > 1) in 30 days. The method with eco-friendliness and high-efficiency for phenol reduction was constructed by combination of dredging equipment such as pneumatic dredgers (Airlift) and bioremediation, where marine microorganisms that degraded phenol were summarized, as well as future research needs. This study provided a guidance for emergency response and policy development of phenol spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yu Leng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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BOMBOM M, GİRGİN A, ZAMAN BT, TURAK F, BAKIRDERE S. Combination of smartphone digital image colorimetry and UV-Vis spectrophotometry as detection systems with solidified floating organic drop microextraction as preconcentration method for the quantification of methyl red in wastewater samples. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:1075-1084. [PMID: 38173744 PMCID: PMC10760811 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a portable smartphone-based digital image colorimetric system (SDIC) was designed and integrated with a solidified floating organic drop microextraction method (SFODME) for the quantification of methyl red in textile wastewater samples. The RGB (red, green, and blue) data were evaluated for each captured image, and the green channel was selected for quantification due to its linear response for the analyte. Under optimal conditions, an acceptable linear range was recorded for the analyte. The proposed method recorded a limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.046 mg/L. The developed microextraction method was also combined with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, which recorded an LOD value of 0.012 mg/L. Real sample analysis was carried out with textile wastewater samples to check the applicability/accuracy of the developed method, using a matrix matching calibration strategy to enhance quantification accuracy. Satisfactory percent recoveries in the range of 93.3%-114.3% and 92%-92.7% were recorded for the SFODME-SDIC and SFODME-UV methods, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miray BOMBOM
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Ayça GİRGİN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Buse Tuğba ZAMAN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Fatma TURAK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Sezgin BAKIRDERE
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Ankara,
Turkiye
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A smartphone-based ratiometric fluorescence and absorbance dual-mode device for Rhodamine B determination in combination with differential molecularly imprinting strategy and primary inner filter effect correction. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shahvalinia M, Larki A, Ghanemi K. Smartphone-based colorimetric determination of triclosan in aqueoussamples after ultrasound assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction under optimized response surface method conditions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121323. [PMID: 35526443 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a simple and low cost methodology based on ultrasonic assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) followed by smartphone-based colorimetric measurement was introduced for the separation and determination of Triclosan (TCS) from contaminated waters. This method is based on the formation of an azo compound from the alkaline reaction of TCS with a diazonium ion, resulting from the reaction of sodium nitrite and p-sulfanilic acid in an acidic medium. The orange-brown color product was extracted into a low volume of organic phase by UA-DLLME method and RGB values were recorded with free Android app Color Grab. The effective parameters in this procedure, namely solution pH, p-sulfanilic acid and nitrite concentration, reaction time and volume of the extraction solvent were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) model. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 3.0 and 200 μg L-1 of TCS. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.8 and 2.7 μg L-1, respectively. The proposed method was successfullyused for the analyses of triclosan in several water and wastewater samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Shahvalinia
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Arash Larki
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
| | - Kamal Ghanemi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
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Overview of Different Modes and Applications of Liquid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid phase-based microextraction techniques (LPµETs) have attracted great attention from the scientific community since their invention and implementation mainly due to their high efficiency, low solvent and sample amount, enhanced selectivity and precision, and good reproducibility for a wide range of analytes. This review explores the different possibilities and applications of LPμETs including dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and single-drop microextraction (SDME), highlighting its two main approaches, direct immersion-SDME and headspace-SDME, hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) in its two- and three-phase device modes using the donor–acceptor interactions, and electro membrane extraction (EME). Currently, these LPμETs are used in very different areas of interest, from the environment to food and beverages, pharmaceutical, clinical, and forensic analysis. Several important potential applications of each technique will be reported, highlighting its advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, the use of alternative and efficient “green” extraction solvents including nanostructured supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs)) will be discussed.
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Yan M, Gao F, Chen M, Hu Q, Yang Y, Chen K, Wang P, Lei H, Ma Q. Synergistic Combination of Facile Thiol-Maleimide Derivatization and Supramolecular Solvent-Based Microextraction for UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of Glutathione in Biofluids. Front Chem 2021; 9:786627. [PMID: 34957048 PMCID: PMC8695729 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.786627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol in biofluids, enabling diverse physiological functions. Among the proposed methods for GSH detection, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has the advantages of high sensitivity and efficiency. In this study, a novel analytical method was developed for the determination of GSH using supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS)-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and UHPLC–HRMS. N-Laurylmaleimide was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, which served three functions: 1) precipitate the proteins present in the biofluid sample, 2) provide a reaction environment for derivatization, and 3) enable the use of SUPRAS as the dispersing agent. Critical parameters were optimized based on single factor testing and response surface methodology. The established method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and successful quantitative analysis of GSH in saliva, urine, and plasma samples. Experimental results showed that SUPRAS as an extraction solvent was particularly suitable for the extraction of GSH from complex matrices. The current study provides a useful tool for accurate measurements of GSH concentrations, which could potentially be used for clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kedian Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
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Larki A, Saghanezhad SJ, Ghomi M. Recent advances of functionalized SBA-15 in the separation/preconcentration of various analytes: A review. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Afshar Mogaddam MR, Farajzadeh MA, Tuzen M, Jouyban A, Khandaghi J. Organic solvent-free elevated temperature liquid–liquid extraction combined with a new switchable deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of three phenolic antioxidants from oil samples. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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