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Imran H, Lee HJ, Alam A, An J, Ko M, Lim S. Ultrasensitive detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in genomic DNA using a graphene-based sensor modified with biotin and gold nanoparticles. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101123. [PMID: 38988817 PMCID: PMC11234158 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins orchestrate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation-demethylation dynamics by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and are frequently inactivated in various cancers. Due to the significance of 5hmC as an epigenetic biomarker for cancer diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment, its rapid and precise quantification is essential. Here, we report a highly sensitive electrochemical method for quantifying genomic 5hmC using graphene sheets that were electrochemically exfoliated and functionalized with biotin and gold nanoparticles (Bt-AuNPs) through a single-step electrical method. The attachment of Bt-AuNPs to graphene enhances the specificity of 5hmC-containing DNA and augments the oxidation of 5hmC to 5-formylcytosine in DNA. When coupled to a gold electrode, the Bt-AuNP-graphene-based sensor exhibits exceptional sensitivity and specificity for detecting 5hmC, with a detection limit of 63.2 fM. Furthermore, our sensor exhibits a remarkable capacity to measure 5hmC levels across a range of biological samples, including preclinical mouse tissues with varying 5hmC levels due to either TET gene disruption or oncogenic transformation, as well as human prostate cancer cell lines. Therefore, our sensing strategy has substantial potential for cancer diagnostics and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibulla Imran
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute-Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Asrar Alam
- Mycronic AB, Nytorpsvägen 9, Täby, 183 53 Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Jungeun An
- Department of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunggon Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooman Lim
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute-Korea, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Shabanur Matada MS, Kuppuswamy GP, Sasi S, Velappa Jayaraman S, Nutalapati V, Senthil Kumar S, Sivalingam Y. Pyrene Derivative Incorporated Ni MOF as an Enzyme Mimic for Noninvasive Salivary Glucose Detection Toward Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17219-17231. [PMID: 38561895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the detection of glucose in a noninvasive and nonenzymatic manner by utilizing an extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) based on the organic molecule pyrene phosphonic acid (PyP4OH8) incorporated nickel metal-organic framework (NiOM-MOF). The prepared electrode responds selectively to glucose instead of sucrose, fructose, maltose, ascorbic acid, and uric acid in a 1× phosphate buffer saline solution. Also, utilizing the scanning Kelvin probe system, the sensing electrode's work function (Φ) is measured to validate the glucose-sensing mechanism. The sensitivity, detection range, response time, limit of detection, and limit of quantification of the electrode are determined to be 24.5 μA mM-1 cm-2, 20 μM to 10 mM, less than 5 s, 2.73 μM, and 8.27 μM, respectively. Most interestingly, the developed electrode follows the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the calculated rate constant (km) 0.07 mM indicates a higher affinity of NiOM-MOF toward glucose. The real-time analysis has revealed that the prepared electrode is sensitive to detect glucose in real human saliva, and it can be an alternative device for the noninvasive detection of glucose. Overall, the outcomes of the EGFET studies demonstrate that the prepared electrodes are well-suited for expeditious detection of glucose levels in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna Swamy Shabanur Matada
- Laboratory of Sensors, Energy and Electronic Devices (Lab SEED), Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Guru Prasad Kuppuswamy
- Laboratory of Sensors, Energy and Electronic Devices (Lab SEED), Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Sheethal Sasi
- Laboratory of Sensors, Energy and Electronic Devices (Lab SEED), Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Surya Velappa Jayaraman
- Novel, Advanced, and Applied Materials (NAAM) Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Venkatramaiah Nutalapati
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Shanmugam Senthil Kumar
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI) Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630006, India
| | - Yuvaraj Sivalingam
- Laboratory of Sensors, Energy and Electronic Devices (Lab SEED), Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
- Sensors Lab, Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Jiang D, Liu T, Chu Z, Wang Y. Advances in nanostructured material-based non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6344-6361. [PMID: 37971394 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors that use functional materials to directly catalyze glucose have shown great promise in diabetes management, food control, and bioprocess inspection owing to the advantages of high sensitivity, long-term stability, and low cost. Recently, in order to produce enhanced electrochemical behavior, significant efforts have been devoted to the preparation of functional materials with regular nanostructure, as it provides high specific surface area and well-defined strong active sites for electrochemical sensing. However, the structure-performance correlation in this field has not been reviewed thoroughly in the literature. This review aims to present a comprehensive report on advanced zero- to three-dimensional nanostructures based on the geometric feature and to discuss in depth their structural effects on enzyme-free electrochemical detection of glucose. It starts by illustrating the sensing principles of nanostructured materials, followed by a detailed discussion on the structural effects related to the features of each dimension. The structure-performance correlation is explored by comparing the performance derived from diverse dimensional architectures, which is beneficial for the better design of regular nanostructure to achieve efficient enzyme-free sensing of glucose. Finally, future directions of non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors to solve emerging challenges and further improve the sensing performance are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, PR China.
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, PR China.
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu Chu
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, PR China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, PR China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, PR China
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Allwin Richard Y, Aniu Lincy S, Saravanakumar R, Maheswaran R, Dharuman V. Sensitive detection of acetaminophen in body fluids, pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines at un-doped mesoporous carbon nitride film electrode. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pourmadadi M, Rajabzadeh-Khosroshahi M, Saeidi Tabar F, Ajalli N, Samadi A, Yazdani M, Yazdian F, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Two-Dimensional Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3N 4) Nanosheets and Their Derivatives for Diagnosis and Detection Applications. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:204. [PMID: 36412845 PMCID: PMC9680252 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of certain fatal diseases is vital for preventing severe consequences and contributes to a more effective treatment. Despite numerous conventional methods to realize this goal, employing nanobiosensors is a novel approach that provides a fast and precise detection. Recently, nanomaterials have been widely applied as biosensors with distinctive features. Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based nanostructure that has received attention in biosensing. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, semiconductivity, high photoluminescence yield, low-cost synthesis, easy production process, antimicrobial activity, and high stability are prominent properties that have rendered g-C3N4 a promising candidate to be used in electrochemical, optical, and other kinds of biosensors. This review presents the g-C3N4 unique features, synthesis methods, and g-C3N4-based nanomaterials. In addition, recent relevant studies on using g-C3N4 in biosensors in regard to improving treatment pathways are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Saeidi Tabar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran
| | - Narges Ajalli
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran
| | - Amirmasoud Samadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6000 Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering Building (ISEB), Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Mahsa Yazdani
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Qiao Y, Qiao L, Zhao P, Zhang P, Wu F, Zhang J, Gao L, Liu B, Zhang L. Phosphoprotein Detection in Sweat Realized by Intercalation Structure 2D@3D g-C 3N 4@Fe 3O 4 Wearable Sensitive Motif. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060361. [PMID: 35735509 PMCID: PMC9220892 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal protein phosphorylation in sweat metabolites is closely related to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases. The real-time monitoring of phosphoproteins in sweat is significant for early monitoring of disease biomarkers. Here, a high-efficiency electrochemical sensor for phosphoprotein in sweat was realized by 2D@3D g-C3N4@Fe3O4 with intercalation structure. Common phosphoprotein β-Casein was selected to demonstrate the platform's functionalities. The detection limit of g-C3N4@Fe3O4 could be as low as 9.7 μM, and the detection range was from 0.01 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL. In addition, the sensing platform showed good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. We also investigated the effects of interface structure on adsorption properties and electronic properties of the g-C3N4 and Fe3O4 heterostructure using DFT. More electrons from Fe3O4 were transferred to g-C3N4, which increased the electrons in the energy band of N atoms and promoted the formation of stable N-H bonds with H atoms in phosphoproteins. We demonstrated phosphoprotein sensor functionality by measuring the phosphoprotein in human sweat during exercising. This work realizes a sensing platform for noninvasive and continuous detection of sweat phosphoproteins in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Qiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.Q.); (P.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lijuan Qiao
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (L.G.); (B.L.); Fax: +86-97-1531-0440 (B.L.)
| | - Peize Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.Q.); (P.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.Q.); (P.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fanbin Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.Q.); (P.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.Q.); (P.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Li Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.Q.); (P.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (L.G.); (B.L.); Fax: +86-97-1531-0440 (B.L.)
| | - Bingxin Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.Q.); (P.Z.); (P.Z.); (F.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (L.G.); (B.L.); Fax: +86-97-1531-0440 (B.L.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 755905, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5905, USA;
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Imran H, Alam A, Dharuman V, Lim S. Fabrication of Enzyme-Free and Rapid Electrochemical Detection of Glucose Sensor Based on ZnO Rod and Ru Doped Carbon Nitride Modified Gold Transducer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101778. [PMID: 35631000 PMCID: PMC9143380 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Over 3 in 4 adults with diabetes live in low- and middle-income counties and health expenditure also increased 316% over the last 15 years. In this regard, we fabricate low cost, reusable and rapid detection of diabetes sensor based on zinc oxide rod inserted ruthenium-doped carbon nitride (ZnO-g-Ru-C3N4) modified sensor device. Developed sensor device physically and electrochemically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Sensing device as an effective enzyme-free glucose detection with high sensitivity (346 μA/mM/cm2) over the applied lower potential of +0.26 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), fast response (3 s) and broad linear range of (2-28) mM, coupled with a lower limit of detection (3.5 nM). The biosensing device gives better anti-interference ability with justifiable reproducibility, reusability (single electrode re-use 26 times in physiological buffer and 3 times in serum) and stability. Moreover, the real-time applicability of the sensor device was evaluated in human blood, serum and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibulla Imran
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.I.); (A.A.)
- Molecular Electronics Laboratory, Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, India
| | - Asrar Alam
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Venkataraman Dharuman
- Molecular Electronics Laboratory, Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, India
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Sooman Lim
- Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics, LANL-JBNU Engineering Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.I.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (S.L.)
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