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Lai YL, Gao SQ, Wang Z, Yan KQ, Wang BJ, Yuan LM. Two-dimensional chiral metal-organic framework nanosheets L-hyp-Ni/Fe@SiO 2 composite for HPLC separation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464911. [PMID: 38626541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have synthesised a chiral l-hyp-Ni/Fe@SiO2 composite as a chiral stationary phase (CSP) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the first time. This was achieved by coating two-dimensional (2D) chiral metal-organic framework nanosheets (MONs) l-hyp-Ni/Fe onto the surface of activated SiO2 microspheres using the "wrapped in net" method. The separation efficiency of the l-hyp-Ni/Fe chromatographic column was systematically evaluated in normal-phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) and reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) configurations, employing various racemates as analytes. The findings revealed that 16 chiral compounds were separated using NP-HPLC, and five were separated using RP-HPLC, encompassing alcohols, amines, ketones, esters, alkanes, ethers, amino acids and sulfoxides. Notably, the resolution (Rs) of nine chiral compounds exceeded 1.5, indicating baseline separation. Furthermore, the resolution performance of the l-hyp-Ni/Fe@SiO2-packed column was compared with that of Chiralpak AD-H. It was observed that certain enantiomers, which either could not be resolved or were inadequately separated on the Chiralpak AD-H column, attained separation on the 2D chiral MONs column. These findings suggest a complementary relationship between the two columns in racemate separation, with their combined application facilitating the resolution of a broader spectrum of chiral compounds. In addition, baseline separation was achieved for five positional isomers on the l-hyp-Ni/Fe@SiO2-packed column. The effects of the analyte mass and column temperature on the resolution were also examined. Moreover, during HPLC analysis, the l-hyp-Ni/Fe columns demonstrated commendable repeatability, stability and reproducibility in enantiomer separation. This research not only advances the utilisation of 2D chiral MONs as CSPs but also expands their applications in the separation sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Shun-Qiu Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke-Qian Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Zhang T, Sun Y, Feng X, Li J, Zhao W, Xiang G, He L, Zhang S. Construction of MOFs@COFs composite material as stationary phase for efficient separation of diverse organic compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342160. [PMID: 38220292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of efficent chromatographic stationary phases (SP) with mixed-mode or multiple interactions in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the separation of complex samples is a challenging task. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-based SP can provide desired multiple interactions and enable the separation of a diverse range of solutes, but have limitations of low column efficiency and poor stability. RESULTS Herein, the hybrid MOFs@Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) materials were used as SP in HPLC due to their synergistic structural features. The SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF SP was synthesized by integration of NH2-UiO-66 and covalent triazine framework (CTF) onto silica surface. Due to the unique structure of SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF with hierarchical-pores, this column showed higher column efficiency (up to 49,369 plates m-1 for alkylbenzenes) than the reported columns packed with MOFs-based SP. Owing to the Zr4+-N coordination bonding between CTF and NH2-UiO-66, the structural stability of SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF can be improved. Furthermore, this new column exhibited remarkable column stability with relative standard deviation of retention time of <0.40% after 400 injections. With the combined advantages of multifunctional properties, high column efficiency, and good stability, SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF SP showed excellent selectivity for the separation of a variety of hydrophobic, aromatic, heteroatomic, and hydrophilic analytes. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY This work not only offers a promising SP with multiple retention mechanisms for HPLC, but also provides an efficient strategy for development of high column efficiency MOFs-based SP with good stability. Moreover, the MOFs@COFs hybrid materials were expanded in application area through this study, and the research results can also afford the foundation for further explore its structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Xiaxing Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jingna Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center for Modern Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
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Cheng Q, Ma Q, Pei H, Liang H, Zhang X, Jin X, Liu N, Guo R, Mo Z. Chiral metal-organic frameworks materials for racemate resolution. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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4
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Liu C, Guo P, Lu YR, Zhu YL, Ran XY, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. In situ growth preparation of a new chiral covalent triazine framework core-shell microspheres used for HPLC enantioseparation. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:238. [PMID: 37222823 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The manufacturing of chiral covalent triazine framework core-shell microspheres CC-MP CCTF@SiO2 composite is reported as stationary phase for HPLC enantioseparation. The CC-MP CCTF@SiO2 core-shell microspheres were prepared by immobilizing chiral COF CC-MP CCTF constructed using cyanuric chloride and (S)-2-methylpiperazine on the surface of activated SiO2 through an in-situ growth approach. Various racemates as analytes were separated on the CC-MP CCTF@SiO2-packed column. The experimental results indicate that 19 pairs of enantiomers were well separated on the CC-MP CCTF@SiO2-packed column, including alcohols, phenols, amines, ketones, and organic acids. Among them, there are 17 pairs of enantiomers that can achieve baseline separation with good peak shapes. Their resolution values on this chiral column are between 0.4 and 5.61. The influences of analyte mass, column temperature, and composition of the mobile phase on the resolution of enantiomers were studied. In addition, the chiral resolution ability of CC-MP CCTF@SiO2-packed column was compared with the commercial chiral chromatographic columns (Chiralpak AD-H and Chiralcel OD-H columns) and some CCOF@SiO2 chiral columns (β-CD-COF@SiO2, CTpBD@SiO2, and MDI-β-CD-modified COF@SiO2). The CC-MP CCTF@SiO2-packed column exhibited some unique advantages and can complement these chiral columns in chiral separations. The research results show that the CC-MP CCTF@SiO2 chiral column offered high column efficiency (e.g., 17680 plates m-1 for ethyl mandelate), low column backpressure (5-9 bar), high enantioselectivity, and excellent chiral resolution ability for HPLC enantioseparation with good stability and reproducibility. The relative standard deviations (RSD) (n = 5) of the retention time, and peak areas by repeated separation of ethyl mandelate are 0.23% and 0.67%, respectively. It demonstrates that the CC-MP CCTF@SiO2 core-shell microsphere composite has great potential in enantiomeric separation by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Rui Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ran
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wang Z, Wang W, Sun L, Tang B, Zhang F, Luo A. A chiral multi-shelled mesoporous carbon nanospheres used for high-resolution gas chromatography separations. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1702:464100. [PMID: 37263056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a chiral multishelled mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCNs) with unique spiral multishelled hollow mesoporous chiral structure is synthesized; the MCNs can be used as stationary phases for high-resolution gas chromatography (GC) and have good separation capacity. The successful preparation of MCNs is verified by a variety of characterizations. In addition, the MCNs-coated capillary column shows excellent separation performance for n-alkanes, n-alcohols, aromatic compounds, and esters, and it has a faster analysis time than the HP-5 commercial capillary column. The chromatography separation performance for various isomers and racemates of the MCNs stationary phase was evaluated, and it showed good separation capability for amino acid derivatives. The MCNs-coated capillary column has been demonstrated to present good reproducibility and stability. In summary, all of the chromatography experiments in this work indicate that this new stationary phase of the MCNs has good application potential for GC capillary separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liquan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Fulai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
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Liu C, Quan K, Chen J, Shi X, Qiu H. Chiral metal-organic frameworks and their composites as stationary phases for liquid chromatography chiral separation: A minireview. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1700:464032. [PMID: 37148566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metal organic frameworks (CMOFs) are a kind of crystal porous framework material that has attracted increasing attention due to the customizable combination of metal nodes and organic ligands. In particular, the highly ordered crystal structure and rich adjustable chiral structure make it a promising material for developing new chiral separation material systems. In this review, the progress of CMOFs and their different types of composites used as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in liquid chromatography for enantioseparation are discussed. The characteristics of CMOFs and their composites are summarized, aiming to provide new ideas for the development of CMOFs with better performance and further promote the application of CMOFs materials in enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaijun Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Recent progress of membrane technology for chiral separation: A comprehensive review. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Zhao R, Bai X, Yang W, Fan K, Zhang H. Grafting (S)-2-Phenylpropionic Acid on Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers of MIL-101(Al) Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Enantioseparation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8456. [PMID: 36499951 PMCID: PMC9740726 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metal-organic frameworks (cMOFs) are emerging chiral stationary phases for enantioseparation owing to their porosity and designability. However, a great number of cMOF materials show poor separation performance for chiral drugs in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The possible reasons might be the irregular shapes of MOFs and the low grafting degree of chiral ligands. Herein, MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 was synthesized by a simple coordination post-synthetic modification method using (S)-(+)-2-Phenylpropionic acid and applied as the chiral stationary phase to separate chiral compounds by HPLC. NH2-MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 prepared via covalent post-synthetic modification was used for comparison. The results showed that the chiral ligand density of MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 was higher than that of NH2-MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2, and the MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 column exhibited better chiral separation performance and structural stability. The binding affinities between MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 and chiral compounds were simulated to prove the mechanism of the molecular interactions during HPLC. These results revealed that cMOFs prepared by coordination post-synthetic modification could increase the grafting degree and enhance the separation performance. This method can provide ideas for the synthesis of cMOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xueyan Bai
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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9
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Chromatographic supports for enantioselective liquid chromatography: Evolution and innovative trends. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1684:463555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Ma X, Guo Y, Zhang L, Wang K, Yu A, Zhang S, Ouyang G. Crystal morphology tuning and green post-synthetic modification of metal organic framework for HPLC enantioseparation. Talanta 2021; 239:123143. [PMID: 34923255 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chiral metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) served as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) show great potential in enantioseparation field. However, their performance improvement are still hindered by the difficult column packed and high back pressure due to the irregular morphology and broad size scope of CMOF particles. Here, the size and morphology of achiral Co-MOF-74 were effectively adjusted by controlling the synthetic route, temperature, the ratio of reactants and the amount of 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) at first. As a result, the uniformly spherical crystals in size of about 5 μm with good dispersion were obtained. Subsequently, a simple, green post-synthetic modification strategy was proposed for the fabrication of l-tyrosine functionalized Co-MOF-74, namely Co-MOF-74-L-Tyr in H2O by incorporating l-tyrosine into the parent framework of Co-MOF-74 to construct chiral microenvironment. The homochiral Co-MOF-74-L-Tyr CSP gave superior enantioseparation performance for the eight chiral drugs and drug intermediates, such as nitrendipine, nimodipine, benzoin, 2,2'-furoin and bi-2-naphthol to the commercial columns under normal phase condition. The good repeatability and stability of this CSP was verified by the replicate enantioseparation for nimodipine and flavanone. Furthermore, the Co-MOF-74-L-Tyr packed column was successfully applied to detect the product N-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyltosylamide (HR-8) in the asymmetric reductive amination reaction. The size/morphology-controlled synthesis coupled with the green post-synthetic modification approach paves the way to fabricate target chiral MOFs with pre-designed functional groups, which is an effective complement for the preparation of CSPs in chiral chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ma
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Sensing and Harmful Substances Detection Technology, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Yun Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Sensing and Harmful Substances Detection Technology, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Sensing and Harmful Substances Detection Technology, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Kexuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Sensing and Harmful Substances Detection Technology, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Ajuan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Sensing and Harmful Substances Detection Technology, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Key Laboratory of Molecular Sensing and Harmful Substances Detection Technology, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Key Laboratory of Molecular Sensing and Harmful Substances Detection Technology, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
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11
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Zhang JH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Recent progress in the development of chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:51-77. [PMID: 34729907 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Separations and analyses of chiral compounds are important in many fields, including pharmaceutical production, preparation of chemical intermediates, and biochemistry. High-performance liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase is regarded as one of the most valuable methods for enantiomeric separation and analysis because it is highly efficient, is broadly applicable, and has powerful separation capability. The focus for development of this method is the identification of novel chiral stationary phases with superior recognition performance and good stability. The present article reviews recent progress in the development of new chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography between January 2018 and June 2021. These newly reported chiral stationary phases are divided into three categories: small organic molecule-based (cyclodextrin and its derivatives, macrocyclic antibiotics, cinchona alkaloids, and other low molecular weight chiral molecules), macromolecule-based (cellulose and amylose derivatives, chitin and chitosan derivatives, and synthetic helical polymers) and chiral porous material-based (chiral metal-organic frameworks, chiral covalent organic frameworks, and chiral inorganic mesoporous silicas). Each type of chiral stationary phase is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
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12
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Chen JK, Yu YY, Xu NY, Guo P, Zhang JH, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Chiral polyaniline modified Metal-Organic framework Core-Shell composite MIL-101@c-PANI for HPLC enantioseparation. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Chen JK, Xu NY, Guo P, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Xie SM, Yuan LM. A chiral metal-organic framework core-shell microspheres composite for high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3976-3985. [PMID: 34490989 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The unique features of uniform and adjustable cavities, abundant chiral active sites, and high enantioselectivity make chiral metal-organic frameworks popular as an emerging candidate for enantioselective separation. However, the wide particle size distribution and irregular shape of as-synthesized metal-organic frameworks result in low column efficiency, undesired chromatographic peak shape, and high column backpressure of such metal-organic frameworks packed columns. Herein, we report the fabrication of chiral core-shell microspheres [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n @SiO2 composite for high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation to overcome the above-mentioned problems. The [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n @SiO2 packed column gave high-resolution separation of racemates under low column backpressure (10-22 bar), indicating its synergistic effect of the good column packing property of the SiO2 microspheres and the chiral recognition ability of [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n crystals. Thirteen kinds of chiral compounds including alcohols, amines, ketones, epoxides, and organic bases were well separated with good peak shapes and high column efficiency (18200 plates/m for 1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) on the [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n @SiO2 packed column. Among them, seven pairs of enantiomers achieved baseline separation and the resolution value for 1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol reached 11.22. Some effects such as column temperature, and analytes mass on the enantioseparations have been investigated. In addition, the [Cu2 (d-Cam)2 (4,4'-bpy)]n @SiO2 packed column exhibited good stability and repeatability for the separation of chiral compounds. The relative standard deviations for five replicate separations of 1-phenylethanol were less than 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, and 2.0% for the retention time, peak area, number of theoretical plates, and resolution, respectively. The research results demonstrated the development of chiral metal-organic frameworks core-shell microspheres composite provide a promising platform for their practical application in chiral separation fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Na-Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P.R. China
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14
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Chiral covalent organic framework core-shell composite CTpBD@SiO 2 used as stationary phase for HPLC enantioseparation. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:292. [PMID: 34363124 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The fascinating framework structures and unique properties of chiral covalent organic frameworks (COFs) make them promising candidates as novel separation medium for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, the irregular morphology, inhomogeneous particle size, and low density of conventional COF particles will lead to a low column efficiency, undesirable chromatographic peak shape, and high column backpressure of such COF-packed columns. In this work, a chiral COF CTpBD was synthesized by the Schiff base reaction between benzidine (BD) and chiral organic monomer CTp obtained through the reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphoroglucinol (Tp) and (+)-diacetyl-L-tartaric anhydride ((+)-Ac-L-Ta). The chiral COF CTpBD was immobilized on the surface of amino functionalized silica (SiO2-NH2) by an in situ growth approach to prepare the chiral COF core-shell microsphere composite CTpBD@SiO2, which was used as a novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) for HPLC enantioseparation. Various kinds of racemates were separated on the CTpBD@SiO2-packed column with a low column backpressure (8-11 bar). Some effects such as the analyte mass and column temperature on the HPLC enantioseparation have been studied in detail. The fabricated CTpBD@SiO2-packed column exhibited high column efficiency (e.g., 16,800 plates m-1 for atenolol), high enantioselectivity, and good reproducibility toward various racemates. The highest resolution value, retention factor, and separation factor reach to 2.11, 2.85, and 3.73, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of peak area, peak height, half-peak width, and retention time of atenolol were all below 3.0%.
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