Insight into CuX (CuO, Cu2O, and CuS) for enhanced performance of CuX/g-C3N4 nanocomposites-based acetaminophen electrochemical sensors

A systematic review on electrochemical sensors for the detection of acetaminophen

Considerable progress has been made in the electrochemical determination of acetaminophen (AP) over the past few decades. Nanomaterials or enzymes as electrode modifiers greatly improve the performance of AP electrochemical sensors. This review focuses on the development potential, detection principles and techniques for the electrochemical analysis of AP. In particular, the design and construction of AP electrochemical sensors are discussed from the perspective of non-enzyme materials (such as nanomaterials, including precious metals, transition metals and non-metals) and enzyme substances (such as aryl acylamidase, polyphenol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase). Moreover, the influencing factors for AP electrochemical sensors and the simultaneous detection of AP and other targets are summarized, and the future prospective of AP electrochemical sensors is outlined. This review provides a reference and guidance for the development and application of electrochemical sensors for AP detection.

Hyaluronic acid coated mesoporous carbon-copper peroxide for H2O2 self-supplying and near-infrared responsive multi-mode breast cancer oncotherapy

It is challenging to develop the synergistic intelligent therapeutic nanoplatform to cure cancer. In the present study, a novel nanotherapeutic platform was constructed for H₂O₂ self-supplying and multimodal breast cancer therapy. In which, copper peroxide nanoparticles (CP NPs) were adsorbed on the surface of mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCN) through electrostatic attraction, followed by loading doxorubicin (DOX) into the nanocomposite (MCN-CP) and coating hyaluronic acid (HA) on the surface, the DOX/MCN-CP-HA nanoplatform was obtained. In the system, the MCN not only possessed a high DOX loading capacity, but produced excellent photothermal therapy (PTT) effect. Importantly, the ultra-small CP NPs as the Fenton agent not only could selectively self-supplying H₂O₂ in acidic condition, but simultaneously release Cu²⁺ to catalyze the production of ·OH in the presence of H₂O₂. Meantime, the resulting Cu²⁺ possessed GSH-elimination property, which afforded enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Furthermore, the outer layer HA targeted to CD44 and achieved breast cancer cell targeting. The elevated temperature from PTT and acidic tumor microenvironment accelerated the release of DOX, which enabled DOX/MCN-CP-HA as an intelligent CDT-PTT-chemotherapy synergistic nanoplatform. In vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluations confirmed the potential of the nanoplatform for CDT-PTT-chemotherapy synergistic oncotherapy of breast cancer.

Synergetic polarization effect of protonation and Fe-doping on g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity

The local polarization electric field resulting from protonation and Fe-doping in g-C3N4 can be formed, thus highly facilitating the separation and transport of charge carriers and boosting the photocatalytic activity.