Air-assisted dispersive liquid phase microextraction coupled chromatography quantification for purification of therapeutic lectin from aloe vera – A potential COVID-19 immune booster

Simultaneous production and sustainable eutectic mixture based purification of narringinase with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by valorization of tofu wastewater

The current investigation is being executed for sustainable one-pot production and purification of naringinase using natural deep eutectic solvent-based extractive fermentation. Five natural deep eutectic solvents were prepared and their physicochemical properties were determined as a function of temperature. Tofu wastewater was used as a low-cost substrate for naringinase production and simultaneous in-situ purification of the enzyme was accomplished by employing NADES. Optimal conditions of influential factors like concentrations of NADES (74.5% w/w), Na₂SO₄ (15% w/v) and tofu wastewater (1.5% w/w) resulted in an effective yield of naringinase (249.6 U/ml). Scale-up of naringinase production with a 3 l custom made desktop bioreactor was accomplished and effective regeneration of NADES was established. NADES exhibits selectivity during extraction even after the fifth cycle proving it to be tailor-made. The resulting active enzyme was quantified by size exclusion chromatography (736.85 U/mg). Ultrapure enzyme fraction was obtained with anion exchange chromatography yielding maximum purity of (63.2 U/ml) and specific naringinase activity of (3516 U/mg). The in-vitro debittering activity of the resulting ultrapure enzyme fraction was determined with grape juice resulting in naringin and limonin removal of [23.4% (w/w)] and [64.3% (w/w)] respectively.

Current development of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals

Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity. Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remove redundant components is a crucial step in each bioanalytical approach. The matrix effect is a key hurdle in bioanalytical sample preparation, which has gained extensive consideration. Novel sample preparation techniques have advantages over classical techniques in terms of accuracy, automation, ease of sample preparation, storage, and shipment and have become increasingly popular over the past decade. Our objective is to provide a broad outline of current developments in various bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in chromatographic and spectroscopic examinations. In addition, how these techniques have gained considerable attention over the past decade in bioanalytical research is mentioned with preferred examples. Modern trends in bioanalytical sample preparation techniques, including sorbent-based microextraction techniques, are primarily emphasized.

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Bioanalytical sampling techniques are described with suitable applications in pharmaceuticals.

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The pros and cons of each bioanalytical sampling techniques are described.

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Relevant biological matrices are outlined.

Sustainable valorization of meat processing wastewater with synergetic eutectic mixture based purification of R-Phycoerythrin from porphyrium cruentium

Wastewater effluent from meat processing industries are enriched with nutrients but remain underutilized. Therefore, an efficient method was administered by employing this resource for the cultivation of Porphyreum cruentium. The cultured biomass was exposed to a one-step disruption and selective purification method using a protic deep eutectic solvent to obtain a commercially significant pigment, R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE). Six protic deep eutectic solvents (pDES) were synthesized and their thermophysical activity determined. A synergy between microwave and cavitation (MACE-DLPME) has been achieved for the effective recovery of these membrane proteins. The addition of pDES provides the selective medium for the concentration of R-PE. Optimization of the MACE-DLPME method yields 95.9% (w/w) of R-PE. Preparative size exclusion chromatography resulted in (28 µg/g) of R-PE. Further ultra-purification by anion exchange chromatography enhances the purity fold of R-PE to 125. The resulting ultrapure fraction exhibits enhanced anti-platelet activity (1.56 mg/g ascorbic acid equivalent).