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Antonio M, Alcaraz MR, Culzoni MJ. Advances on multiclass pesticide residue determination in citrus fruits and citrus-derived products - A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34525-x. [PMID: 39088175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The application of agrochemicals in citrus fruits is widely used to improve the quality of crops, increase production yields, and prolong post-harvest life. However, these substances are potentially toxic for humans and the ecosystem due to their widespread use, high stability, and bioaccumulation. Conventional techniques for determining pesticide residues in citrus fruits are chromatographic methods coupled with different detectors. However, in recent years, the need for analytical strategies that are less polluting for the environment has encouraged the appearance of new alternatives, such as sensors and biosensors, which allow selective and sensitive detection of pesticide residues in real time. A comprehensive overview of the analytical platforms used to determine pesticide residues in citrus fruits and citrus-derived products is presented herein. The review focuses on the evolution of these methods since 2015, their limitations, and possible future perspectives for improving pesticide residue determination and reducing environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Antonio
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Mirta R Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - María J Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina.
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Lima GDS, Pereira I, Maciel LIL, Lima NM, Araujo GL, de Aguiar DVA, Dos Santos GF, Vaz BG. Combining LAESI Imaging and Tissue Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry To Unveil Pesticides Contaminants in Fruits. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2461-2468. [PMID: 37804228 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for developing a strategy to analyze the penetration of pesticides in cultures during postharvest control with minimal or no sample preparation. This study explores the combined use of laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LAESI imaging) and tissue spray ionization mass spectrometry (TSI-MS) to investigate the penetration of thiabendazole (TBZ) in fruits, simulating a postharvest procedure. Slices of guava and apple were prepared, and an infrared laser beam was used, resulting in the ablation of TBZ directly ionized by electrospray and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The experiments were conducted for 5 days of fruit storage after TBZ administration to simulate a postharvest treatment. During postharvest treatment, TBZ is applied directly to the fruit peel after harvesting. Consequently, TBZ residues may remain on the peel if the consumer does not wash the fruit properly before its consumption. To evaluate the effectiveness of household washing procedures, TSI-MS was employed as a rapid and straightforward technique to monitor the remaining amount of TBZ in guava and apple peels following fruit washing. This study highlights the advantages of LAESI imaging for evaluating TBZ penetration in fruits. Moreover, the powerful capabilities of TSI-MS are demonstrated in monitoring and estimating TBZ residues after pesticide application, enabling the comprehensive unveiling of pesticide contaminants in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
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Otero P, Echave J, Chamorro F, Soria-Lopez A, Cassani L, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA, Fraga-Corral M. Challenges in the Application of Circular Economy Models to Agricultural By-Products: Pesticides in Spain as a Case Study. Foods 2023; 12:3054. [PMID: 37628052 PMCID: PMC10453233 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The income and residue production from agriculture has a strong impact in Spain. A circular economy and a bioeconomy are two alternative sustainable models that include the revalorization of agri-food by-products to recover healthy biomolecules. However, most crops are conventional, implying the use of pesticides. Hence, the reutilization of agri-food by-products may involve the accumulation of pesticides. Even though the waste-to-bioproducts trend has been widely studied, the potential accumulation of pesticides during by-product revalorization has been scarcely assessed. Therefore, in this study, the most common pesticides found in eight highly productive crops in Spain are evaluated according to the available published data, mainly from EFSA reports. Among these, oranges, berries and peppers showed an increasing tendency regarding pesticide exceedances. In addition, the adverse effects of pesticides on human and animal health and the environment were considered. Finally, a safety assessment was developed to understand if the reutilization of citrus peels to recover ascorbic acid (AA) would represent a risk to human health. The results obtained seem to indicate the safety of this by-product to recover AA concentrations to avoid scurvy (45 mg/day) and improve health (200 mg/day). Therefore, this work evaluates the potential risk of pesticide exposure through the revalorization of agri-food by-products using peels from citruses, one of the major agricultural crops in Spain, as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Anton Soria-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTEMA-CONICET), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.O.); (J.E.); (F.C.); (A.S.-L.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
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Budetić M, Kopf D, Dandić A, Samardžić M. Review of Characteristics and Analytical Methods for Determination of Thiabendazole. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093926. [PMID: 37175335 PMCID: PMC10179875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiabendazole (TBZ) is a fungicide and anthelmintic drug commonly found in food products. Due to its toxicity and potential carcinogenicity, its determination in various samples is important for public health. Different analytical methods can be used to determine the presence and concentration of TBZ in samples. Liquid chromatography (LC) and its subtypes, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), are the most commonly used methods for TBZ determination representing 19%, 18%, and 18% of the described methods, respectively. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and fluorimetry are two more methods widely used for TBZ determination, representing 13% and 12% of the described methods, respectively. In this review, a number of methods for TBZ determination are described, but due to their limitations, there is a high potential for the further improvement and development of each method in order to obtain a simple, precise, and accurate method that can be used for routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Budetić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Doris Kopf
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrea Dandić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirela Samardžić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Liu M, Li X, Han L, Wang Q, Kong X, Xu M, Wang K, Xu H, Shen Y, Gao G, Nie J. Determination and risk assessment of 31 pesticide residues in apples from China's major production regions. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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A New, MWCNT-Based, Solid-State Thiabendazole-Selective Sensor. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22103785. [PMID: 35632191 PMCID: PMC9147095 DOI: 10.3390/s22103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct potentiometric measurements using solid-state sensors have a great potential for thiabendazole (TBZ) determination, considering simplicity, accuracy, and low cost. Modifying the sensing material of the sensor with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) leads to improved analytical properties of the sensor. In this study, a new potentiometric solid-state sensor for TBZ determination, based on MWCNTs modified with a sulfate group, and TBZ ion as sensing material was developed. The sensor exhibited a Nernstian response for TBZ (60.4 mV/decade of activity) in a working range between 8.6 × 10−7 and 1.0 × 10−3 M. The detection limit for TBZ was 6.2 × 10−7 M. The response time of the sensor for TBZ was 8 s, and its signal drift was only 1.7 mV/h. The new sensor is applicable for direct potentiometric determination of TBZ in complex real samples, such as fruit peel. The accuracy of TBZ determination is confirmed using the standard addition method.
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