1
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Zhang S, Bao J, Lv L, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Yellow-emitting carbon dots as fluorescent sensors for the rapid determination of curcumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123819. [PMID: 38157744 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The non-standard use of curcumin could cause some adverse drug reactions, such as diarrhea, nausea and skin allergies. Thus, the curcumin determination was fundamental to disease treatment and prevention. Herein, a facile and efficient fluorescent probe was developed based on carbon dots, which was prepared through hydrothermal method (o-phenylenediamine and N-isopropylacrylamide as the reaction raw materials). Characteristics of the as-fabricated carbon dots (NCDs) were studied through some analysis techniques, such as UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared instrument, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometer. Fluorescence quenching phenomenon could be observed after addition of curcumin. This as-prepared fluorescent probe displayed a significant response for the determination of curcumin with a satisfactorily lower detection limit of 0.017 μM and a considerable linear range of 0.5-50 μM compared to reported literatures. Because of the preeminent repeatability and anti-jamming capability, the as-developed CDs suggested mighty potentiality for actual applications of curcumin detection in real samples and temperature sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China.
| | - Jinjia Bao
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Ling Lv
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Yongjie Bai
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
| | - Yaofang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, PR China
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2
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Sveiven M, Serrano AK, Rosenberg J, Conrad DJ, Hall DA, O’Donoghue AJ. A GMR enzymatic assay for quantifying nuclease and peptidase activity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363186. [PMID: 38544982 PMCID: PMC10966768 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrolytic enzymes play crucial roles in cellular processes, and dysregulation of their activities is implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions. These enzymes cleave substrates such as peptide bonds, phosphodiester bonds, glycosidic bonds, and other esters. Detecting aberrant hydrolase activity is vital for understanding disease mechanisms and developing targeted therapeutic interventions. This study introduces a novel approach to measuring hydrolase activity using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) spin valve sensors. These sensors change resistance in response to magnetic fields, and here, they are functionalized with specific substrates for hydrolases conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). When a hydrolase cleaves its substrate, the tethered magnetic nanoparticle detaches, causing a measurable shift in the sensor's resistance. This design translates hydrolase activity into a real-time, activity-dependent signal. The assay is simple, rapid, and requires no washing steps, making it ideal for point-of-care settings. Unlike fluorescent methods, it avoids issues like autofluorescence and photobleaching, broadening its applicability to diverse biofluids. Furthermore, the sensor array contains 80 individually addressable sensors, allowing for the simultaneous measurement of multiple hydrolases in a single reaction. The versatility of this method is demonstrated with substrates for nucleases, Bcu I and DNase I, and the peptidase, human neutrophil elastase. To demonstrate a clinical application, we show that neutrophil elastase in sputum from cystic fibrosis patients hydrolyze the peptide-GMR substrate, and the cleavage rate strongly correlates with a traditional fluorogenic substrate. This innovative assay addresses challenges associated with traditional enzyme measurement techniques, providing a promising tool for real-time quantification of hydrolase activities in diverse biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sveiven
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ana K. Serrano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Rosenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Douglas J. Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Drew A. Hall
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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3
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Su Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Xu M, Qiao K, Li S, Liu Z. Isolation and Purification of Protamine from the Cultured Takifugu flavidus and Its Physicochemical Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:263. [PMID: 38202846 PMCID: PMC10780564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protamine is a cationic peptide derived from fish sperm and has several important functional properties: antibacterial properties, acting as a carrier for injectable insulin and as a heparin antagonist, combatting fatigue, etc. Thus, it has been widely used in medicinal applications and food products. Cultured Takifugu flavidus is a type of pufferfish with a delicious taste that is popular in China, and its production is increasing significantly. Therefore, protamine was extracted via acid extraction from the sperm of Takifugu flavidus and further isolated and purified via sephadex gel chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and desalination chromatography. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of protamine were investigated. The results showed that the sperm of the cultured T. flavidus were non-toxic, and the extracted and purified protamine had high contents of arginine (36.90%) and lysine (27.02%), respectively. The secondary structure of protamine was mainly β-folded and irregularly curled. Additionally, protamine exhibited high thermal stability with a denaturation temperature of 176 °C. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the structural analysis, bioactivity, and resource development of pufferfish protamine and help to promote the development of the pufferfish industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Xiamen 361013, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (K.Q.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yihui Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongchang Su
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Xiamen 361013, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (K.Q.)
| | - Bei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Xiamen 361013, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (K.Q.)
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Xiamen 361013, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (K.Q.)
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Xiamen 361013, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (K.Q.)
| | - Kun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Xiamen 361013, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (K.Q.)
| | - Shuigen Li
- Fujian Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Xiamen 361013, China; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (B.C.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (K.Q.)
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4
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Li Y, Hu Q, Zhang J, Zhou H, Wang N, Fang Y, Cui B. T4PPVB-COP composite-driven innovative electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for ultra-sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos. Food Chem 2023; 427:136713. [PMID: 37390738 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor driven by a complex (T4PPVB-COP@CdS QDs) with large specific surface area and high stability was constructed for highly sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos (CPF), using electrostatic interactions and signal amplification techniques. In the presence of CPF, the specific binding between the aptamer and CPF caused partial detachment of the aptamer from the sensor, thus restoring the ECL signal. Notably, gold nanoparticles functionalized with streptavidin (SA) as signal enhancers further amplified the ECL signal in specific interactions with aptamers, thereby improving the sensitivity of the assay. Based on this, the proposed ECL aptasensor demonstrated significant detection performance for CPF with a linear range of 1-107 pg/mL and a LOD of 0.34 pg/mL. Furthermore, the feasibility of the ECL aptasensor was validated by the detection and analysis of CPF in real samples, which also provided a broad reference value for bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yishan Fang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Bo Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
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5
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Cai ZF. Selective determination of ellagic acid in aqueous solution using blue-green emissive copper nanoclusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 295:122597. [PMID: 36930836 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of beneficial sensors to analyze ellagic acid concentrations is of great importance for food safety and human health. Herein, a facile and fast fluorescent probe was carried out for the excellently selective and sensitive measurement of ellagic acid in real samples through histidine protected copper nanoclusters (histidine@Cu NCs) as a nanosensor. This as-developed histidine@Cu NCs were performed through UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime analysis. The TEM image revealed that this nanomaterial had spherical features with the average diameter of 2.5 ± 0.05 nm. The blue-green fluorescence of this Cu NCs was found under the UV light. Meanwhile, the maximum excitation and emission wavelength were located at 387 nm and 488 nm. After addition of ellagic acid, the fluorescence of histidine@Cu NCs was slowly weakened with excellent linear range of 0.5-300 μM and detection limit of 0.077 μM. The fluorescence weakening mechanism of this nanosensor were attributed to the inner filter effect (IFE) and static quenching. Finally, this as-established analysis platform was successfully employed to measure ellagic acid in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, Hubei Province, P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, P.R. China.
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6
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Hao G, Tian H, Zhang Z, Qin X, Yang T, Yuan L, Yang X. A dual-channel and dual-signal microfluidic paper chip for simultaneous rapid detection of difenoconazole and mancozeb. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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Zhang J, Li Y, Teng L, Cao Y, Hu X, Fang G, Wang S. A molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor for sensitive detection of tetracycline using nitrogen-doped carbon dots-embedded zinc-based metal-organic frameworks as signal-amplifying tags. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:341032. [PMID: 36925300 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline (TC) residues not only endanger human health, but also are detrimental to the sustainable development of aquaculture and animal husbandry. Herein, a novel fluorescence sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots embedded in zinc-based metal-organic frameworks and incorporating molecularly imprinted polymer (ZIF-8&N-CDs@MIP). The physical and chemical properties of the ZIF-8&N-CDs@MIP had been characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, BET, TGA, etc. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of the novel sensor was 0.045 μg mL-1 with the concentration of TC in the range of 0.1-4.0 μg mL-1. In addition, the prepared imprinted polymers showed superior adsorption selectivity to tetracycline compared with non-imprinted polymers, and the quenching mechanism of ZIF-8&N-CDs@MIP was demonstrated to be attributed to the inner filter effect (IFE). This work provided an effective and reliable method for the specific detection of tetracycline and was successfully applied in milk and egg samples with satisfactory recoveries (80.67-95.22%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Longhao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yichuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xuelian Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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8
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Amarnath M, Balalakshmi C. Preparation of N, S-doped blue emission carbon dots for dual-mode glucose detection with live cell applications. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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9
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Wu NN, Chen LG, Xiao MZ, Yuan RY, Wang HB. Determination of trypsin using protamine mediated fluorescent enhancement of DNA templated Au nanoclusters. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:158. [PMID: 36971858 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent method is described for trypsin determination through the strong electrostatic interactions between cationic polyelectrolytes and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) templated Au nanoclusters (AuNCs). The ssDNA-AuNCs display improved fluorescence emission with excitation/emission maxima at 280/475 nm after being incorporated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Fluorescent enhancement is mainly attributed to the electrostatic interactions occurring between PDDA and ssDNA templates. This can make the conformation of the ssDNA templates to change. Thus, it offers a better microenvironment for stabilizing and protecting ssDNA-AuNCs, and results in fluorescence emission enhancement. By using protamine as a model, the method is employed for the determination of trypsin. The assay enables trypsin to be determined with good sensitivity and a linear response ranging from 5 ng⋅mL-1 to 60 ng⋅mL-1 with a 1.5 ng⋅mL-1 limit of detection. It is also extended to determine the trypsin contents in human's serum samples with recoveries between 98.7% and 103.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 3.5% and 4.8%. A novel fluorescent strategy has been developed for of trypsin determination by using protamine mediated fluorescent enhancement of DNA templated Au nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Ge Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Zhi Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Yao Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Xu S, Liu A, Da L, Lin D, Jiang C. Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Triggered g-C 3N 4\Rhodamine B Sensing System for the Ratiometric Fluorescence Quantitation of Carbendazim. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4536-4542. [PMID: 36826375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Assays for carbendazim (Car) with high sensitivity and on-site screening have been urgently required to protect the ecosystem and prevent disease. In this work, a simple, sensitive, and reliable sensing system based on photoinduced electron transfer was established to detect carbendazim utilizing ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets and rhodamine B (RB). Carbendazim reacts with g-C3N4 by electrostatic interactions to form π-π stacking, and the quenching of the blue fluorescence is caused by electron transfer. While RB works as a reference fluorescence sensor without any fluorescence change, leading to obvious ratiometric fluorescence variation from blue to purple. Under optimal conditions, a favorable linear range from 20 to 180 nM was obtained, with a low detection limit of 5.89 nM. In addition, a portable smartphone sensing platform was successfully used for carbendazim detection in real samples with excellent anti-interference capability, demonstrating the potential applications of carbendazim monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Zhang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Shihao Xu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Liangguo Da
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, China
| | - Dan Lin
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Changlong Jiang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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Improved sensitivity of gold nanoclusters toward trypsin under synergistic adsorption of CdTe quantum dots. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Yan J, Fu Q, Zhang S, Liu Y, Shi X, Hou J, Duan J, Ai S. A sensitive ratiometric fluorescent sensor based on carbon dots and CdTe quantum dots for visual detection of biogenic amines in food samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 282:121706. [PMID: 35933782 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent sensor for biogenic amines (BAs) was prepared by simple mixing blue fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) and yellow fluorescent CdTe quantum dots (CdTe QDs). Based on different sensitive properties of pH, CdTe QDs and CDs were used as the response signal and internal reference signal, respectively. The developed ratiometric fluorescent sensor achieved quantitative analysis of eight kinds of BAs with rapid response (30 s) and low limits of detection (1.259-5.428 μM). Furthermore, color-tunable fluorescent test strips were constructed by easily assembling CDs and CdTe QDs onto filter paper. The obtained smart label showed a distinguishable fluorescent color variation from blue to green during the corruption of shrimp samples. The smart label with advantages of convenience and rapidness provided a method for visually monitoring the freshness of food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Quanbin Fu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Shikai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Juying Hou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Junling Duan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Shiyun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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13
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Hu A, Chen G, Yang T, Ma C, Li L, Gao H, Gu J, Zhu C, Wu Y, Li X, Wei Y, Huang A, Qiu X, Xu J, Shen J, Zhong L. A fluorescent probe based on FRET effect between carbon nanodots and gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of thiourea. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121582. [PMID: 35835057 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Illegal abuse results in the presence of thiourea (TU) in soil, wastewater, and even fruits, which is harmful for the environment and human health. It has urgent practical significance to design an efficient and reliable probe for TU detection. Herein, a sensitive fluorescent probe with off-on response for harmful TU was reported. The probe was designed with fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. Firstly, the CNDs were pre-combined with AuNPs and the fluorescence of CNDs was quenched due to the FRET effect. Upon addition of TU, the fluorescence of CNDs recovered due to the unbinding of CNDs and AuNPs, since the coordination interaction between TU and AuNPs is stronger than the electrostatic interaction among CNDs and AuNPs. Under the optimum parameters, a linear relationship was found between the relative fluorescence intensity of the probe and the concentration of TU in the range of 5.00 × 10-8-1.00 × 10-6 M (R2 = 0.9958), with the limit of detection (LOD) calculated to be 3.62 × 10-8 M. This proposed method is easy to operate and has excellent selectivity and sensitivity for TU, which can be effectively applied in environmental water and compound fruit-vegetable juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Hu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China.
| | - Taiqun Yang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Jiao Gu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Yamin Wu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Yitao Wei
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Anlan Huang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Xiaoqian Qiu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Jinzeng Xu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Jialu Shen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
| | - Lvyuan Zhong
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Lihu Avenue 1800, China
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14
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Diana FRM, Suratman A, Wahyuni ET, Mudasir M, Suherman S. Development of N,S-CDs fluorescent probe method for early detection of Cr(VI) in the environment. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Solanki R, Patra I, Kumar TCA, Kumar NB, Kandeel M, Sivaraman R, Turki Jalil A, Yasin G, Sharma S, Abdulameer Marhoon H. Smartphone-Based Techniques Using Carbon Dot Nanomaterials for Food Safety Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35857650 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2099733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of portable and efficient nanoprobes to realize the quantitative/qualitative onsite determination of food pollutants is of immense importance for safeguarding human health and food safety. With the advent of the smartphone, the digital imaging property causes it to be an ideal diagnostic substrate to point-of-care analysis probes. Besides, merging the versatility of carbon dots nanostructures and bioreceptor abilities has opened an innovative assortment of construction blocks to design advanced nanoprobes or improving those existing ones. On this ground, massive endeavors have been made to combine mobile phones with smart nanomaterials to produce portable (bio)sensors in a reliable, low cost, rapid, and even facile-to-implement area with inadequate resources. Herein, this work outlines the latest advancement of carbon dots nanostructures on smartphone for onsite detecting of agri-food pollutants. Particularly, we afford a summary of numerous approaches applied for target molecule diagnosis (pesticides, mycotoxins, pathogens, antibiotics, and metal ions), for instance microscopic imaging, fluorescence, colorimetric, and electrochemical techniques. Authors tried to list those scaffolds that are well-recognized in complex media or those using novel constructions/techniques. Lastly, we also point out some challenges and appealing prospects related to the enhancement of high-efficiency smartphone based carbon dots systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Solanki
- Department of Chemistry, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam University, Indore, India
| | | | - T Ch Anil Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, India
| | - N Bharath Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Guntur, India
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Sivaraman
- Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, University of Madras, Arumbakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany, university of Bahauddin Zakariya, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sandhir Sharma
- Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon
- Information and Communication Technology Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Iraq
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16
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Sargazi S, Fatima I, Hassan Kiani M, Mohammadzadeh V, Arshad R, Bilal M, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM, Behzadmehr R. Fluorescent-based nanosensors for selective detection of a wide range of biological macromolecules: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:115-147. [PMID: 35231532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to their unique attributes, such as good sensitivity, selectivity, high surface-to-volume ratio, and versatile optical and electronic properties, fluorescent-based bioprobes have been used to create highly sensitive nanobiosensors to detect various biological and chemical agents. These sensors are superior to other analytical instrumentation techniques like gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis for being biodegradable, eco-friendly, and more economical, operational, and cost-effective. Moreover, several reports have also highlighted their application in the early detection of biomarkers associated with drug-induced organ damage such as liver, kidney, or lungs. In the present work, we comprehensively overviewed the electrochemical sensors that employ nanomaterials (nanoparticles/colloids or quantum dots, carbon dots, or nanoscaled metal-organic frameworks, etc.) to detect a variety of biological macromolecules based on fluorescent emission spectra. In addition, the most important mechanisms and methods to sense amino acids, protein, peptides, enzymes, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids, vitamins, ions, metals, and electrolytes, blood gases, drugs (i.e., anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics), toxins, alkaloids, antioxidants, cancer biomarkers, urinary metabolites (i.e., urea, uric acid, and creatinine), and pathogenic microorganisms were outlined and compared in terms of their selectivity and sensitivity. Altogether, the small dimensions and capability of these nanosensors for sensitive, label-free, real-time sensing of chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical agents could be used in array-based screening and in-vitro or in-vivo diagnostics. Although fluorescent nanoprobes are widely applied in determining biological macromolecules, unfortunately, they present many challenges and limitations. Efforts must be made to minimize such limitations in utilizing such nanobiosensors with an emphasis on their commercial developments. We believe that the current review can foster the wider incorporation of nanomedicine and will be of particular interest to researchers working on fluorescence technology, material chemistry, coordination polymers, and related research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 98167-43463 Zahedan, Iran
| | - Iqra Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maria Hassan Kiani
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran.
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Razieh Behzadmehr
- Department of Radiology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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17
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Huang S, Yao J, Ning G, Li B, Mu P, Xiao Q. Ultrasensitive ratiometric fluorescent probes for Hg( ii) and trypsin activity based on carbon dots and metalloporphyrin via a target recycling amplification strategy. Analyst 2022; 147:1457-1466. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02287c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ultrasensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe was developed for Hg(ii) and trypsin based on CDs and TPPS via a target recycling amplification strategy. The detection limits of Hg2+ and trypsin were 0.086 nM and 0.013 ng mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jiandong Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Gan Ning
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Bo Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Pingping Mu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry and Materials, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
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18
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Li X, Ma X, Zhang C, Xu R. A comparative study on the interaction of gold nanoparticles with trypsin and pepsin: thermodynamic perspectives. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04020d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study provides accurate and full basic data for clarifying the interaction mechanism of AuNPs with trypsin and pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Li
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jin-sui Road, Hong Qi District, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Grade 2018, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Congxiao Zhang
- Grade 2018, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jin-sui Road, Hong Qi District, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P. R. China
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19
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A fluorescent probe constructed of water-soluble dual-element-doped carbon quantum dots for rapid and highly sensitive detection of Ag+. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Sun Y, Zhou Q, Sheng X, Li S, Tong Y, Guo J, Zhou B, Zhao J, Liu M, Li Z, Li Y, Qu T, Chen C. Highly selective fluorescence sensor sensing benzo[a]pyrene in water utilizing carbon dots derived from 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131127. [PMID: 34119727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
4-Carboxyphenylboronic acid was used as the single precursor to facilely prepare fluorescent carbon quantum dots by one-step solvothermal method. The as-obtained carbon dots (CDs) exhibited highly selective and sensitive for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and may be a splendid sensor for sensing BaP. The principle was that the as-prepared CDs could form a complex with BaP through hydrophobic interaction which causes the decrease of fluorescence intensity of CDs by static quenching principle. The constructed fluorescent sensor exhibited excellent linearity ranged from 0.002 to 0.06 μg mL-1 and provided a low limit of detection of 0.16 ng mL-1. The experimental results showed that this fluorescent sensor resulted in simplicity, rapidness, low cost, short analytical time, and high sensitivity and stability. Validation with real water samples endowed the sensor high reliability and feasibility for BaP determination in practical application in various samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Xueying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Shuanying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yayan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jinghan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Boyao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Tongxu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
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