Mathematically assisted UV-spectrophotometry as a greener alternative to HPLC-UV for quality control analysis of free-drug combinations

Innovative and sustainable deconvoluted amplitude factor spectrophotometric method for the resolution of various severely overlapping pharmaceutical mixtures: Applying the complex-GAPI-tool

UV spectroscopy is considered the simplest, the most money and time investor technique in analytical research. Besides its lowered solvent and energy consumption leading to greener outcomes, its practicality is wide and suitable for a wide range of applications. Multicomponent mixtures are always representing themselves as a problematic challenge for any analytical technique fortunately UV spectroscopic methods found many ways to tackle these mixtures. Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) was recently applied in UV spectroscopy as an effective tool for the resolution of binary mixtures unfortunately like any other method may fail to completely resolve severely overlapping mixtures. In this paper, we epitomize the newly developed deconvoluted amplitude factor (DAF) spectrophotometric approach which couples the concepts of both the FSD and the amplitude factor methods for the resolution of tadalafil (TAD) in its binary mixtures with dapoxetine hydrochloride (DAP) or tamsulosin hydrochloride (TAM). The embraced approach was assessed regarding its greenness utilizing different assessing protocols to give evident proof for its sustainability. The innovative approach showed an enhancement in the resolution of binary mixtures and showed high sensitivity as noticed from limits of detection and quantitation which were (0.374, 1.136 μg/mL), (0.269, 0.817 μg/mL), and (0.518, 1.569 μg/mL) for TAD, DAP, and TAM, respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines recommendations and also was statistically compared with recently reported methods which revealed no statistically significant difference. A very handy and reader-friendly data presentation approach was followed for the ease of statistical data interpretation and evaluation.

Quality evaluation methods of chinese medicine based on scientific supervision: recent research progress and prospects

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is increasingly getting attention worldwide, as it has played a very satisfactory role in treating COVID-19 during these past 3 years, and the Chinese government highly supports the development of TCM. The therapeutical theory and efficacies of Chinese medicine (CM) involve the safety, effectiveness and quality evaluation of CM, which requires a standard sound system. Constructing a scientific and reasonable CM quality and safety evaluation system, and establishing high-quality standards are the key cores to promote the high-quality development of CM. Through the traditional quality control methods of CM, the progress of the Q-marker research and development system proposed in recent years, this paper integrated the research ideas and methods of CM quality control and identified effective quality parameters. In addition, we also applied these effective quality parameters to create a new and supervision model for the quality control of CM. In conclusion, this review summarizes the methods and standards of quality control research used in recent years, and provides references to the quality control of CM and how researchers conduct quality control experiments.

Fingerprinting and iso-absorptive resolution techniques for the spectrally overlapping Dutasteride and Silodosin mixture: Content uniformity testing along with greenness profile assessment

The realm of spectrophotometric analysis has witnessed a remarkable progress in inventing faster and simpler resolution techniques for spectrally overlapping drug mixtures. Eco-friendly and progressive spectrophotometric methods were firstly developed in this work, for the simultaneous determination of Dutasteride (DUT) and Silodosin (SLD) in their newly-marketed dosage form. The proposed methods focused on the unique spectral features of this mixture including spectral extension of SLD over DUT spectrum as well as existence of iso-absorptive points. By such way, the methods were classified into two categories; the first one was "fingerprint resolution techniques" including constant extraction coupled with spectrum subtraction and ratio subtraction coupled with constant multiplication methods. The former represented a new modification to the classical constant extraction method where one divisor and lower steps were manipulated instead. The second category was "iso-absorptive resolution techniques", such as absorptivity centering, absorbance subtraction and amplitude modulation methods. Different solvents were investigated where ethanol was found to be the optimum one regarding drugs solubility, signal sensitivity and environmental, health & safety (EHS) score. Validity of the suggested methods was assessed as per ICH-guidelines and found to be linear over concentration ranges of 5.0-90.0 µg/mL for DUT and 5.0-120.0 µg/mL for SLD. The methods were successfully applied for quantifying the cited drugs in their combined dosage form and evaluating their content uniformity. Moreover, the insignificant statistical difference between the proposed methods and official HPLC ones encourages the utilization of such spectrophotometric methods as greener and faster candidates, especially in modest quality control laboratories. Methods' greenness profile was finally guaranteed through several assessment tools, namely; national environmental methods index (NEMI), analytical eco-scale, green analytical procedure index (GAPI) and analytical greenness (AGREE) metric.