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Park J, Cho YS, Seo DW, Choi JY. An update on the sample preparation and analytical methods for synthetic food colorants in food products. Food Chem 2024; 459:140333. [PMID: 38996638 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Colorants, especially synthetic colorants, play a crucial role in enhancing the aesthetic qualities of food owing to their cost-effectiveness and stability against environmental factors. Ensuring the safe and regulated use of colorants is essential for maintaining consumer trust in food safety. Various preparation and analytical technologies, which are continuously undergoing improvement, are currently used to quantify of synthetic colorants in food products. This paper reviews recent developments in analytical techniques for synthetic food colorants, detection and compares the operational principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each technology. Additionally, it also explores advancements in these technologies, discussing several invaluable tools of analysis, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, electrochemical sensors, digital image analysis, near-infrared spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This comprehensive overview aims to provide valuable insights into current progress and research in the field of food colorant analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Park
- Food Analysis Research Center, Food Industry Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sun Cho
- Food Analysis Research Center, Food Industry Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Won Seo
- Food Analysis Research Center, Food Industry Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- Food Analysis Research Center, Food Industry Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Erek F, Lanjwani MF, Tuzen M. A sensitive determination of Brilliant Blue FCF in some food samples using hydrophillic deep eutectic solvent-assisted magnetic nano gel-based dispersive solid phase microextraction prior to spectrophotometric analysis. Food Chem 2024; 453:139632. [PMID: 38754352 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A new magnetic nano gel (MNG) was prepared from choline chloride/phenol deep eutectic solvent and magnetic amberlite XAD-7 nanocomposite. The dispersive solid phase micro extraction (dSPME) method was developed for seperation and preconcentration of Brilliant Blue FCF (BB) by the prepared MNG. In this study, firstly, the optimum DES type and mole ratio of DES were investigated before response surface methodology optimization. Then, the effect of the MNG-dSPME experimental parameters were optimized by response surface methodology using central composite design. Under the optimum microextraction conditions, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), preconcentration factor (PF), enhencament factor (EF) were found to be 1.15 μg L-1,3.80 µg L-1, 70, and 88, respectively. It was seen that the recovery of real samples were obtained from 95.5 to 103.6%. The pesent method was succesfully for extraction of BB in some food, personal care samples, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that is presented method on determination of BB by preconcentration with magnetic nano gel. The obtained results showed that the present procedure is effective, sensitive, and has high accuracy for the quantitative detection of BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Erek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkiye
| | - Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkiye; Dr M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkiye.
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Marunganathan V, Guru A. Uncovering the carcinogenicity of aromatic amines from food dyes and their link to oral cancer. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-3. [PMID: 39119727 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2389309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Marunganathan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abdullah NS, Hassan MA, Hassan RO. A Novel Flow Injection Method with Chemiluminescence Detection for the Determination of Carmoisine in Gelatin Desserts. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03777-8. [PMID: 38780834 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Carmoisine dye, a red azo food colorant commonly utilized to impart a red color to synthetic food products, is the subject of this study. Here, we present a novel reversed flow injection analysis with a chemiluminescence detection (FIA-CL) method employing a newly developed homemade flow cell to determine carmoisine dye. This developed method is based on the inhibition effect of the dye on the chemiluminescence light (CL) emission generated from a luminal-hypochlorite system, whereby the reduction in CL intensity correlates directly with the concentration of carmoisine dye. Investigations into various analytical parameters were conducted to enhance method efficiency and applicability. A linear calibration graph of 4.0 to 100.0 µg mL-1 was established (R² = 0.9993), with a detection limit of LOD = 2.93 µg mL-1. Subsequent application of the proposed method to analyze gelatine dessert samples yielded results in reasonable agreement with those obtained using the reported HPLC method, as evidenced by student t-test and F-test analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmin S Abdullah
- Chemistry Department- Science College, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Media A Hassan
- Chemistry Department- Science College, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rebwar O Hassan
- Chemistry Department- Science College, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- Department of Radiological Imaging Technology, College of Health Technology Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
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Chakraborty A, Jayaseelan K. Eco-Friendly Simultaneous Estimation of Ponceau 4R and Carmoisine Employing an Analytical Quality by Design-Aided RP-HPLC Method in Commercial Food Samples Utilizing a Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:430-442. [PMID: 38457604 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ponceau 4R (E124) and carmoisine (CMS; E122) are frequently utilized azo synthetic dyes in the food industry owing to their aesthetically pleasing coloration and broad consumer acceptability. It is imperative to prioritize environmentally favorable technologies for quantifying these dyes, as excessive consumption of these poses significant health risks. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this research was to establish a reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC method that could simultaneously detect Ponceau 4R and CMS, implementing green analytical chemistry (GAC) and analytical quality by design (AQbD), using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique in commercial food samples. METHODS An Agilent Eclipse Plus column (C18, 250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 µm) was utilized for effective separation with a mobile phase of ethanol-acetate buffer pH 5 (60:40, v/v), flow rate of 1 mL/min, and detection wavelength of 515 nm. Critical variables selected for method optimization were ethanol percentage and flow rate, determined using central composite design (CCD). In order to adhere to the 12 principles of green chemistry, hazardous solvents were substituted with ethanol, which is distinguished by its ease of use, effectiveness, and ecological sustainability. The greenness assessment was conducted utilizing the green analytical procedure index (GAPI), analytical eco-scale (AES), and analytical greenness metrics (AGREE). RESULTS The respective retention times for Ponceau 4R and CMS were 2.276 and 3.450 min. The recovery rate of Ponceau 4R and CMS fluctuated between 70% and 102% and 80% and 102%, respectively, across various marketed food samples. The procedure passed validation in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization Q14 guidelines. CONCLUSION The devised method demonstrates that the validation parameters like linearity, precision, sensitivity, and reproducibility are within the specified limits of ICH guidelines. The greenness assesment tools GAPI, AES, and AGREE produced the most favorable results. HIGHLIGHTS In future, environmentally sustainable, solvent-based, robust AQbD methodologies for assessing varieties of food colorants may be adopted and improved commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atyurmila Chakraborty
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Kavitha Jayaseelan
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Mohammadzadeh A, Amiri M. Magnetic stirring in syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as an effective method for preconcentration of tartrazine dye from food samples: A multivariate analysis approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27611. [PMID: 38495191 PMCID: PMC10943443 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A new, rapid, simple, and sensitive preconcentration method and Spectrophotometry determination technique have been presented for the microextraction and determination of trace amount of Tartrazine dye in food samples. In the present system, which is called "Magnetic stirring in syring dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction"(MSIS- DLLME), a cloudy state result is formed in a homemade glass syringe by magnetic agitation. In the MSIS-DLLME system, Tartrazine colour was uprooted into an organic detergent (Toluene) after many twinkles. Subsequently, the organic detergent which was placed on top of the result was transferred into a narrow neck by moving the piston overhead. The effective parameters on the extraction recovery were studied and optimized by Central Composite design (CCD). Under the optimum conditions, the estimation cure is direct in the range of 0.1-1(μg L- 1). The limit of detection (LOD), relative standard divagation and enrichment factor were 0.03 μg L -1, ±4.6 (n = 10) and 166, independently. The advanced system was successfully applied for microextraction of Tartrazine in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University-Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Amiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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Guo P, Xu M, Zhong F, Liu C, Cui X, Zhang J, Zhao M, Yang Z, Jia L, Yang C, Xue W, Fan D. Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction combined with non-ionic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents dispersed liquid-liquid microextraction for efficient enrichment and determination of the estrogens in serum samples. Talanta 2024; 269:125480. [PMID: 38039681 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal drugs in biological samples are usually in low concentration and highly intrusive. It is of great significance to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the detection process of hormone drugs in biological samples by utilizing appropriate sample pretreatment methods for the detection of hormone drugs. In this study, a sample pretreatment method was developed to effectively enrich estrogens in serum samples by combining molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction, which has high specificity, and non-ionic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, which has a high enrichment ability. The theoretical basis for the effective enrichment of estrogens by non-ionic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was also computed by simulation. The results showed that the combination of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and deep eutectic solvent-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction could improve the sensitivity of HPLC by 33∼125 folds, and at the same time effectively reduce the interference. In addition, the non-ionic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent has a relatively low solvation energy for estrogen and possesses a surface charge similar to that of estrogen, and thus can effectively enrich estrogen. The study provides ideas and methods for the extraction and determination of low-concentration drugs in biological samples and also provides a theoretical basis for the application of non-ionic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China.
| | - Mingyang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Fanru Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chenming Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Liru Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chuanming Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Weiming Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China
| | - Daidi Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China.
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Li S, Chen S, Meng Y, Zhang S, Cai T. Rapid determination of 61 acid dyes in chili paste, hotpot seasoning, and bearnaise using double liquid-liquid extraction and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1261-1279. [PMID: 38174784 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to establish a novel method for simultaneously determining 61 acid dyes in chili, hotpot seasoning, and bearnaise sauce using double liquid-liquid extraction (d-LLE) technology. A mixture of water, methanol, and dichloromethane (1:3:1, v/v/v) was used as the extraction solution, which was actively separated into aqueous and organic phases at a fixed ratio. The clean-up step was initially completed by discarding the organic phase layer, which contained abundant lipophilic compounds. Subsequently, the aqueous phase was further separated by salting out, which effectively removed interference from the highly hydrophilic compounds. As a result of these two purification steps, the matrix suppression effect was significantly reduced by a minimum of 16.9%. Finally, the extract was analyzed using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS), and the characteristic ion fragments (SO3 - , m/z 79.9557) of the acid dyes were utilized for the preliminary qualitative analysis. The results showed that the 61 acid dyes showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.01-0.2 µg/mL, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg. The average recoveries were 74.3%-99.7%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤10%. The proposed method can rapidly identify and quantify acid dyes in complex foods at a low cost, with high sensitivity and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, China
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Health Industry (Ningbo) Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Yanan Meng
- Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Hamzeh S, Mahmoudi-Moghaddam H, Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Amiri M, Razavi Nasab SA. Eco-friendly synthesis of mesoporous praseodymium oxide nanoparticles for highly efficient electrochemical sensing of carmoisine in food samples. Food Chem 2024; 433:137363. [PMID: 37688817 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a mesoporous Pr6O11 nanoparticle (NPs) has been prepared via a simple sonochemical process employing an eco-friendly capping agent, grape juice, and utilized for the development of a novel electrochemical sensor to measure carmoisine. Chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) have been used for the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of mesoporous Pr6O11/Ionic liquid/Carbon paste electrode (MP-Pr6O11/IL/CPE) in the presence of carmoisine. The oxidation behavior of carmoisine has been examined, and it has been discovered that there was a greater enhancing signal with the MP-Pr6O11/IL/CPE. A lowdetection limit of 12 nM in a linear range of 0.09-135 µM was achieved by the novel carmoisine sensor. Good selectivity, repeatability, stability, and reproducibility were all features of the newly constructed sensor. As a result, the suggested procedurewas appropriate for routine analysis and ought to serve as a viable option for analyzing food colorant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadi Mahmoudi-Moghaddam
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Mahnaz Amiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
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Chen K, Dong H, Ni Z, Zhao Y, Qian Y, Wang Y, Xu K. Selective extraction of anionic and cationic dyes using tailored hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents. Talanta 2024; 268:125312. [PMID: 37862754 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, eight kinds of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs), including four types of ionic and four types of non-ionic DESs, were prepared and applied in vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) technology. To explore the extraction ability of the hydrophobic DESs-based vortex-assisted LLME, four types of dyes were selected as analytes, involving anionic tartrazine (TA), amaranth (AM) and cationic phenosafranine (PF), methylene blue (MB). It turned out that the ionic and non-ionic hydrophobic DESs showed selective extraction on anionic and cationic dyes, respectively. In particular, the extraction efficiency of TA could reach 99.3 % when trioctylmethylammonium chloride-thymol ([TMAC][Thy]) was utilized as extraction agent. The partitioning efficiency of PF was up to 99.9 % by using decanoic acid-thymol ([DecA][Thy]) as extraction agent. The limits of detection (LODs) of TA and PF were 0.06 and 0.14 μg mL-1, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) obtained for TA and PF were 0.20 and 0.47 μg mL-1, respectively. Besides, FT-IR and 1H NMR were utilized to investigate the extraction mechanism. The results demonstrated that the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force were the main driving forces in the extraction process. Furthermore, through separating various anionic and cationic dyes, the selective extraction ability of [TMAC][Thy] and [DecA][Thy] were successfully verified. Hence, the feasible operation, high extraction efficiency and excellent selectivity make the developed hydrophobic DESs-based vortex-assisted LLME attractive in dyes separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Chemistry for Sustainable Conversion of Natural Resources, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Huiru Dong
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Chemistry for Sustainable Conversion of Natural Resources, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Ziyi Ni
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Chemistry for Sustainable Conversion of Natural Resources, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Chemistry for Sustainable Conversion of Natural Resources, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Yinyin Qian
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Chemistry for Sustainable Conversion of Natural Resources, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Kaijia Xu
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Chemistry for Sustainable Conversion of Natural Resources, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
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Kiszkiel-Taudul I, Stankiewicz P. Microextraction of Tigecycline Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Determination in Milk by LC-MS/MS Method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37487114 PMCID: PMC10401706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of tigecycline (TGC), a new first glycylcycline antibiotic residues in food products harmfully influences potential human consumers health. Therefore, analysts are forced to develop new microextraction methods connected with modern extractants for effective isolation of this compound. For this purpose, deep eutectic solvents (DES) as the extraction media were used. Liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) of tigecycline from milk samples with application of the hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: decanoic acid:thymol (1:1), thymol:camphor (2:1), dodecanoic acid:menthol (2:1), and dodecanoic acid:dodecanol (1:1) was developed. The studied samples were subjected to a deproteinization process using trichloroacetic acid solution and acetonitrile. The optimal microextraction parameters, molar ratio of DES components, amount of extraction solvents, pH of milk sample, shaking, and centrifugation time, were chosen. Tigecycline in the obtained microextracts of deep eutectic solvents was analyzed using a liquid chromatographic technique connected with a tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. The limits of detection and quantification values for TGC determination followed by DES-LLME-LC-MS/MS method were in the 1.8 × 10-11 mol L-1 (0.01 μg kg-1) to 4.0 × 10-9 mol L-1 (2.28 μg kg-1) and 5.5 × 10-11 mol L-1 (0.03 μg kg-1) to 1.2 × 10-8 mol L-1 (6.84 μg kg-1) ranges, respectively. The RSD values of precision were in the range 1.4-7.8% (intraday) and 5.4-11.7% (interday). The developed procedures were used for the determination of tigecycline in different bovine milk samples.
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Andruch V, Kalyniukova A, Płotka-Wasylka J, Jatkowska N, Snigur D, Zaruba S, Płatkiewicz J, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Werner J. Application of deep eutectic solvents in sample preparation for analysis (update 2017–2022). Part A: Liquid phase microextraction. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Vortex-assisted sequential liquid-phase micro-extraction of E127 and E129 in foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Sun Y, Yang X, Zhang R, Xia T, Hu K, Hao F, Liu Y, Deng Q, Yang S, Wen X. One-step effervescence tablet-assisted switchable hydrophilic solvent microextraction combined with micro spectrophotometry for the determination of copper in Salvia yunnanensis and environmental samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Rahnama H, Mazloomi SM, Berizi E, Abbasi A, Gholami Z. Identification of Tartrazine adulteration and evaluating exposure to synthetic dyes of sunset yellow and Quinoline yellow through consumption of food products among children. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3781-3788. [PMID: 36348810 PMCID: PMC9632219 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive consumption of synthetic food dyes by children may raise concerns about their health. These dyes may aggravate the hyperactivity symptoms and exacerbate asthma in sensitive children. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of sunset yellow and quinoline yellow dyes, as well as tartrazine in dairy-free fruit ice cream, freeze pop, jelly, and candy. Additionally, we evaluated the amount of two food dyes consumed by children. To do so, a total of 150 food samples, including 20 dairy-free fruit ice creams, 25 freeze pops, 57 jelly products, and 48 types of candy were randomly selected from stores in Shiraz, Iran. Then, using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and an ultraviolet (UV) detector, we measured the amounts of sunset yellow and quinoline yellow dyes and identified the use of tartrazine. Also, the per capita consumption (grams per day) of the mentioned foods was calculated using a checklist in two groups of male and female primary schoolchildren aged 6-9 years and 10-13 years in Shiraz, Iran. According to the results, 11 (7.33%) samples contained only tartrazine and 107 (71.33%) samples contained quinoline yellow and sunset yellow synthetic dyes. In addition, of 107 samples that used quinoline yellow and sunset yellow, 102 (95.33%) contained unauthorized tartrazine. Only seven (6.54%) samples contained exceedingly high concentrations of authorized quinoline yellow and sunset yellow synthetic dyes. However, the exposure assessment showed that the intake of quinoline yellow and sunset yellow was at average levels and the 95th percentile in both age groups was less than the associated acceptable daily intake (ADI). For synthetic dyes, the target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) were less than one, indicating that ingestion of these two dyes via food products does not pose a risk to children's overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaneh Rahnama
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Enayat Berizi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Azam Abbasi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zahra Gholami
- Food Control Laboratory, Department of Food and DrugShiraz University of Medical ScienceShirazIran
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Hou L, Zhao C, Wu G, Zhao J, Zhao L. Application of ComplexGAPI for the green assessment of a deep eutectic solvent-based ferrofluid assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method for detection of dimethyl phthalate in beverage samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3989-3998. [PMID: 36189826 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel ferrofluid was prepared by combining a menthol/thymol deep eutectic solvent with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@OA). This composite was first applied in vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-LLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) residues in beverages. The synthesized deep eutectic solvent-based ferrofluid (DES-FF) was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the type of carrier, pH of the sample solution, ferrofluid volume, salt amount, vortex time, type and volume of elution solvents and desorption time were statistically optimized for high extraction efficiencies. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.008 μg mL-1 and 0.03 μg mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the mean recoveries for DMP ranged from 85.2% to 99.5%, and intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 5.5% and 7.8%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of dimethyl phthalate in real samples, making it a promising analysis technique for beverage samples. The greenness of the entire procedure of our proposed method was assessed by comparing it with other reported methods using ComplexGAPI (Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index). The results show that our proposed method has a better greenness than other reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guangqing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
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Chen S, Li S, Fang K, Wang Y, Yang Y, Han C, Shen Y. Rapid determination of 93 banned industrial dyes in beverage, fish, cookie using solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 388:132976. [PMID: 35447592 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Banned industrial dyes are composed of a large number of chemicals with diverse physical and chemical properties, making their simultaneous determination a challenging task. A one-step extraction and purification of 93 banned industrial dyes from beverage, fish and cookie sample methods was proposed by using solid supported liquid-liquid extraction (SLE). The extract was analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS). The quantitative and qualitative mode adopts Q-Orbitrap-HRMS full scan MS (full scan MS1) and data-dependent MS/MS (dd-MS2) acquisition mode. The mass resolution was screened under 70,000 FWHM for full-scan MS1 and 35,000 FWHM for dd-MS2. Linearity was observed in the range of 0.01 ∼ 0.5 μg/mL and the limits of quantification were 0.04 ∼ 0.2 mg/kg for 93 dyes. The average recoveries were 70.5-105.8%, with RSD ≤ 10%. The proposed method has the ability to simultaneously screen many banned dyes in foods with high throughput, sensitivity and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubing Chen
- Technical Center of Ningbo Customs, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Technical Center of Ningbo Customs, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Keyi Fang
- Technical Center of Ningbo Customs, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- Technical Center of Ningbo Customs, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Technical Center of Ningbo Customs, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Yan Shen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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18
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Santos Klienchen Dalari BL, Lisboa Giroletti C, Malaret FJ, Skoronski E, Hallett JP, Matias WG, Puerari RC, Nagel-Hassemer ME. Application of a phosphonium-based ionic liquid for reactive textile dye removal: Extraction study and toxicological evaluation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114322. [PMID: 35021594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Textile dyeing processes are known for their negative environmental impacts due to the production of aqueous effluents containing toxic dyes. Therefore, new wastewater treatment processes need to be developed to treat such effluents, including Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) process using Ionic Liquids (IL). This work aimed to evaluate the application of the hydrophobic IL trihexyltetradecylphosphonium decanoate to extract black, navy, and royal reactive dyes from water and evaluate the toxicological aspects of the resulting water stream. We investigated the effect of selected parameters, such as pH (2-12), temperature (20-50 °C), salt effects, dye concentration (0.5-50 mg/L), and phase volume ratio (900-9000) on the dye extraction. The results showed extraction yields as high as 97% for the three dyes and an extraction capacity of approximately 300 mg/g for black and navy dyes and 400 mg/g for royal. The toxicity tests involved Lactuca sativa, Triticum aestivium L, and Daphnia magna as bioindicators. The difference between the toxicity of the dye solutions before and after extraction was not statistically significant when L. sativa and Triticum aestivum L were used as bioindicators. However, the extracted solution showed increased toxicity towards D. magna due to traces of IL. Overall, the IL has a high extraction capacity for the black, navy, and royal dyes. Nevertheless, further studies on LLE associated with other processes must be carried out to reduce the risk linked to the toxicity of IL transferred to the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lima Santos Klienchen Dalari
- Federal University of Santa Cataria, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Universitário Trindade, 87504-200, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Lisboa Giroletti
- Federal University of Santa Cataria, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Universitário Trindade, 87504-200, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Malaret
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Everton Skoronski
- Santa Catarina State University, Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, 2090 Luis de Camões Avenue, 88520-000 Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jason P Hallett
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Federal University of Santa Cataria, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Universitário Trindade, 87504-200, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Costa Puerari
- Federal University of Santa Cataria, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Universitário Trindade, 87504-200, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliza Nagel-Hassemer
- Federal University of Santa Cataria, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Universitário Trindade, 87504-200, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Green extraction of apigenin and luteolin from celery seed using deep eutectic solvent. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114406. [PMID: 34653746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, deep eutectic solvent (DES) has attracted a great deal of attention as an environmentally friendly solvent and could be used as an alternative to conventional solvents. In this study, 34 choline and betaine-based deep eutectic solvents were prepared and investigated the ability to extract apigenin and luteolin from the celery seed. The results showed that DES composed of betaine hydrochloride and propylene glycol had the best extraction efficiency. Using one factor at a time combined with response surface methodology, the optimal conditions of extraction were determined as follows: time of extraction: 19 min, extraction temperature: 75 °C, the water content in solvent: 40% (w/w). Antisolvent (water) combined with distillation was proposed as an efficient method to recover apigenin and luteolin from the DES extract. The relationship between components of DES and solubility of apigenin, luteolin was also established which was the starting point for the prediction of extractability of DES. Molecular dynamics revealed that betaine hydrochloride and propylene glycol could interact with each other by the formation of two types of hydrogen bond while water molecules might play an important role in the ability to dissolve apigenin and luteolin of DES.
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