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Santos-Neto DR, Lopes CEC, Silva GP, Castro LN, Silva JPC, Ferreira DCM, Silva LRG, Dantas LMF, da Silva IS. Highly sensitive voltammetric determination of hydrochlorothiazide using a glassy carbon electrode modified with Super P carbon black nanoparticles. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39212150 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00900b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydrochlorothiazide is an extremely important diuretic that regulates body functions, which can prevent several diseases. However, the abuse of this diuretic is concerning since it does not require a medical prescription, particularly for aesthetic purposes such as weight loss, which can lead to various health problems, including ventricular arrhythmia. The present work aims to use a glassy carbon electrode modified with Super P carbon black (SPCB/GCE) to quantify hydrochlorothiazide through Linear Sweep Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (LSAdSV). The modification of the GCE with SPCB significantly improved the response of hydrochlorothiazide. Furthermore, due to the adsorptive nature of charge transport, applying preconcentration time enhanced sensitivity. The optimized system provided a linear range of 0.5 to 30.0 μmol L-1 with a detection limit of 0.083 μmol L-1. Pharmaceutical tablet analyses indicated approximately 25 mg per tablet, which was confirmed by the UV-vis and in agreement with that indicated by the manufacturer. Furthermore, analyses of the tea, synthetic urine, tap water and lake water samples indicated recovery values close to 100%, demonstrating that there was no matrix effect. Therefore, it is possible to infer that the proposed method together with the sensor modified with carbon black nanoparticles presented excellent results, demonstrating that it can be an alternative method of monitoring this drug in different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos R Santos-Neto
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Carlos E C Lopes
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly P Silva
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Lizandra N Castro
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - João Pedro C Silva
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Dianderson C M Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo G Silva
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Luiza M F Dantas
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Iranaldo S da Silva
- Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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2
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M de Farias D, Pradela-Filho LA, Arantes IVS, Gongoni JLM, Veloso WB, Meloni GN, Paixão TRLC. Sulfanilamide Electrochemical Sensor Using Phenolic Substrates and CO 2 Laser Pyrolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56424-56432. [PMID: 37982226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of environmental pollutants needs to be monitored constantly by reliable analytical methods since they pose a public health risk. Developing simple and affordable sensors for such pollutants can allow for large-scale monitoring economically. Here, we develop a simple electrochemical sensor for sulfanilamide (SFD) quantification using a phenolic resin substrate and a CO2 laser to pyrolyze the sensor geometry over the substrate. The sensors are modified with carbon nanotubes via a simple drop-casting procedure. The carbon nanotube loading effect the electrochemical performance toward a redox probe and analytical performance for SFD detection is investigated, showing no net benefit beyond 1 mg L-1 of carbon nanotubes. The effects of the modification on the SFD oxidation are shown to be more than just an electrode area effect and possibly attributed to the fast electron transfer kinetics of the carbon nanotubes. SFD detection is performed at small solution volumes under static (800 μL) and hydrodynamic conditions (3 mL) in a fully integrated, miniaturized batch-injection analyses cell. Both methods have a similar linear range from 10.0 to 115.0 μmol L-1 and high selectivity for SFD determination. Both systems are used to quantify SFD in real samples as a proof of concept, showcasing the proposed device's applicability as a sensor for environmental and public health monitoring of SFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi M de Farias
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lauro A Pradela-Filho
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Iana V S Arantes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana L M Gongoni
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - William B Veloso
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel N Meloni
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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3
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Bounegru AV, Bounegru I. Chitosan-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Pharmaceuticals and Clinical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3539. [PMID: 37688165 PMCID: PMC10490380 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS), a biocompatible and multifunctional material derived from chitin, has caught researchers' attention in electrochemical detection due to its unique properties. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress and applications of CTS-based electrochemical sensors in the analysis of pharmaceutical products and other types of samples, with a particular focus on the detection of medicinal substances. The review covers studies and developments from 2003 to 2023, highlighting the remarkable properties of CTS, such as biocompatibility, chemical versatility, and large surface area, that make it an excellent candidate for sensor modification. Combining CTS with various nanomaterials significantly enhances the detection capabilities of electrochemical sensors. Various types of CTS-based sensors are analyzed, including those utilizing carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles, conducting polymers, and molecularly imprinted CTS. These sensors exhibit excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, enabling the precise and reliable detection of medications. The manufacturing strategies used for the preparation of CTS-based sensors are described, the underlying detection mechanisms are elucidated, and the integration of CTS sensors with transducer systems is highlighted. The prospects of CTS-based electrochemical sensors are promising, with opportunities for miniaturization, simultaneous detection, and real-time monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Virginia Bounegru
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galati, 47 Domnească Street, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Iulian Bounegru
- Competences Centre: Interfaces-Tribocorrosion-Electrochemical Systems, "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galati, 47 Domnească Street, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunărea de Jos" University of Galati, 35 Al. I. Cuza Street, 800010 Galati, Romania
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4
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Althomali RH, Hamoud Alshahrani S, Qasim Almajidi Y, Kamal Hasan W, Gulnoza D, Romero-Parra RM, Abid MK, Radie Alawadi AH, Alsalamyh A, Juyal A. Current Trends in Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemiluminescence Aptasensors for the Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Foodstuffs: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37480552 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2238059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary pharmaceuticals have been recently recognized as newly emerging environmental contaminants. Indeed, because of their uncontrolled or overused disposal, we are now facing undesirable amounts of these constituents in foodstuff and its related human health concerns. In this context, developing a well-organized environmental and foodstuff screening toward antibiotic levels is of paramount importance to ensure the safety of food products as well as human health. In this case, with the development and progress of electric/photo detecting, nanomaterials, and nucleic acid aptamer technology, their incorporation-driven evolving electrochemiluminescence aptasensing strategy has presented the hopeful potentials in identifying the residual amounts of different antibiotics toward sensitivity, economy, and practicality. In this context, we reviewed the up-to-date development of ECL aptasensors with aptamers as recognition elements and nanomaterials as the active elements for quantitative sensing the residual antibiotics in foodstuff and agriculture-related matrices, dissected the unavoidable challenges, and debated the upcoming prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Wajeeh Kamal Hasan
- Department of Radiology and Sonar Technologies, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Djakhangirova Gulnoza
- Department of Food Products Technology, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Mohammed Kadhem Abid
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health & Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Ali Alsalamyh
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Jafar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Ashima Juyal
- Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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5
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Lopes CEC, de Faria LV, Araújo DAG, Richter EM, Paixão TRLC, Dantas LMF, Muñoz RAA, da Silva IS. Lab-made 3D-printed electrochemical sensors for tetracycline determination. Talanta 2023; 259:124536. [PMID: 37062090 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC) are widely prescribed to treat humans or dairy animals. Therefore, it is important to establish affordable devices in laboratories with minimal infrastructure. 3D printing has proven to be a powerful and cost-effective tool that revolutionizes many applications in electrochemical sensing. In this work, we employ a conductive filament based on graphite (Gr) and polylactic acid (PLA) (40:60; w/w; synthesized in our lab) to manufacture 3D-printed electrodes. This electrode was used "as printed" and coupled to batch injection analysis with amperometric detection (BIA-AD) for TC sensing. Preliminary studies by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry revealed a mass transport governed by adsorption of the species and consequent fouling of the redox products on the 3D printed surface. Thus, a simple strategy (solution stirring and application of successive potentials, +0.95 V followed by +1.2 V) was associated with the BIA-AD system to solve this effect. The proposed electrode showed analytical performance comparable to costly conventional electrodes with linear response ranging from 0.5 to 50 μmol L-1 and a detection limit of 0.19 μmol L-1. Additionally, the developed method was applied to pharmaceutical, tap water, and milk samples, which required minimal sample preparation (simple dilution). Recovery values of 92-117% were obtained for tap water and milk samples, while the content found of TC in the capsule was close to the value reported by the manufacturer. These results indicate the feasibility of the method for routine analysis involving environmental, pharmaceutical, and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E C Lopes
- Chemistry Technology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Lucas V de Faria
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Diele A G Araújo
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza M F Dantas
- Chemistry Technology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Iranaldo S da Silva
- Chemistry Technology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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6
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Ferreira R, Morawski FM, Pessanha EC, de Lima SLS, da Costa DS, Ribeiro GAC, Vaz J, Mouta R, Tanaka AA, Liu L, da Silva MIP, Tofanello A, Vitorino HA, da Silva AGM, Garcia MAS. Facile Gram-Scale Synthesis of NiO Nanoflowers for Highly Selective and Sensitive Electrocatalytic Detection of Hydrazine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11978-11986. [PMID: 37033825 PMCID: PMC10077530 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of efficient and electrocatalytic sensitive nickel oxide nanomaterials have attracted attention as they are considered cost-effective, stable, and abundant electrocatalytic sensors. However, although innumerable electrocatalysts have been reported, their large-scale production with the same activity and sensitivity remains challenging. In this study, we report a simple protocol for the gram-scale synthesis of uniform NiO nanoflowers (approximately 1.75 g) via a hydrothermal method for highly selective and sensitive electrocatalytic detection of hydrazine. The resultant material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. For the production of the modified electrode, NiO nanoflowers were dispersed in Nafion and drop-cast onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (NiO NF/GCE). By cyclic voltammetry, it was possible to observe the excellent performance of the modified electrode toward hydrazine oxidation in alkaline media, providing an oxidation overpotential of only +0.08 V vs Ag/AgCl. In these conditions, the peak current response increased linearly with hydrazine concentration ranging from 0.99 to 98.13 μmol L-1. The electrocatalytic sensor showed a high sensitivity value of 0.10866 μA L μmol-1. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.026 and 0.0898 μmol L-1, respectively. Considering these results, NiO nanoflowers can be regarded as promising surfaces for the electrochemical determination of hydrazine, providing interesting features to explore in the electrocatalytic sensor field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayse
M. Ferreira
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Vila
Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Franciele M. Morawski
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n - Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Emanuel C. Pessanha
- Departamento
de Engenharia Química e de Materiais - DEQM, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
(PUC-Rio), R. Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Scarllett L. S. de Lima
- Departamento
de Engenharia Química e de Materiais - DEQM, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
(PUC-Rio), R. Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diana S. da Costa
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Vila
Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Geyse A. C. Ribeiro
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Vila
Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - João Vaz
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Vila
Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho Mouta
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Ceará (UFC), Av. Mister Hull, s/n − Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Auro A. Tanaka
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Vila
Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Liying Liu
- Centro
Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150 - Urca, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria I. P. da Silva
- Departamento
de Engenharia Química e de Materiais - DEQM, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
(PUC-Rio), R. Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aryane Tofanello
- Center for
Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade
Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, - Bangú, 09210-170 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Hector A. Vitorino
- Centro
de Investigación en Biodiversidad para la Salud, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Jirón Larrabure y Unanue 110, Lima 15108, Perú
| | - Anderson G. M. da Silva
- Departamento
de Engenharia Química e de Materiais - DEQM, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
(PUC-Rio), R. Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco A. S. Garcia
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses, 1966 - Vila
Bacanga, 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
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7
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Veloso WB, Ataide VN, Rocha DP, Nogueira HP, de Siervo A, Angnes L, Muñoz RAA, Paixão TRLC. 3D-printed sensor decorated with nanomaterials by CO 2 laser ablation and electrochemical treatment for non-enzymatic tyrosine detection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:63. [PMID: 36670263 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The combination of CO2 laser ablation and electrochemical surface treatments is demonstrated to improve the electrochemical performance of carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) 3D-printed electrodes through the growth of flower-like Na2O nanostructures on their surface. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the combination of treatments ablated the electrode's polymeric layer, exposing a porous surface where Na2O flower-like nanostructures were formed. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated electrodes was measured by the reversibility of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple presenting a significantly improved performance compared with electrodes treated by only one of the steps. Electrodes treated by the combined method also showed a better electrochemical response for tyrosine oxidation. These electrodes were used as a non-enzymatic tyrosine sensor for quantification in human urine samples. Two fortified urine samples were analyzed, and the recovery values were 106 and 109%. The LOD and LOQ for tyrosine determination were 0.25 and 0.83 μmol L-1, respectively, demonstrating that the proposed devices are suitable sensors for analyses of biological samples, even at low analyte concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Veloso
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa N Ataide
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diego P Rocha
- Federal Institute of Paraná, Pitanga, PR, 85200-000, Brazil
| | - Helton P Nogueira
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Abner de Siervo
- Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin," Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A A Muñoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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8
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Ferreira LMC, Silva PS, Augusto KKL, Gomes-Júnior PC, Farra SOD, Silva TA, Fatibello-Filho O, Vicentini FC. Using nanostructured carbon black-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses: A comprehensive review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115032. [PMID: 36152488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding electronic properties of carbon black (CB) and its economic advantages have fueled its application as nanostructured electrode material for the development of new electrochemical sensors and biosensors. CB-based electrochemical sensing devices have been found to exhibit high surface area, fast charge transfer kinetics, and excellent functionalization. In the present work, we set forth a comprehensive review of the recent advances made in the development and application of CB-based electrochemical devices for pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses - from quantitative monitoring of drug formulations to clinical diagnoses - and the underlying challenges and constraints that need to be overcome. We also present a thorough discussion about the strategies and techniques employed in the development of new electrochemical sensing platforms and in the enhancement of their analytical properties and biocompatibility for anchoring active biomolecules, as well as the combination of these sensing devices with other materials aiming at boosting the performance and efficiency of the sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M C Ferreira
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000 Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Karen K L Augusto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Gomes-Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sinara O D Farra
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000 Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Orlando Fatibello-Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Vicentini
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000 Buri, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Additively manufactured electrodes for the electrochemical detection of hydroxychloroquine. Talanta 2022; 250:123727. [PMID: 35850056 PMCID: PMC9262657 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have demonstrated the inactivity of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) towards SARS-CoV-2, this compound was one of the most prescribed by medical organizations for the treatment of hospitalized patients during the coronavirus pandemic. As a result of it, HCQ has been considered as a potential emerging contaminant in aquatic environments. In this context, we propose a complete electrochemical device comprising cell and working electrode fabricated by the additive manufacture (3D-printing) technology for HCQ monitoring. For this, a 3D-printed working electrode made of a conductive PLA containing carbon black assembled in a 3D-printed cell was associated with square wave voltammetry (SWV) for the fast and sensitive determination of HCQ. After a simple surface activation procedure, the proposed 3D-printed sensor showed a linear response towards HCQ detection (0.4-7.5 μmol L-1) with a limit of detection of 0.04 μmol L-1 and precision of 2.4% (n = 10). The applicability of this device was shown to the analysis of pharmaceutical and water samples. Recovery values between 99 and 112% were achieved for tap water samples and, in addition, the obtained concentration values for pharmaceutical tablets agreed with the values obtained by spectrophotometry (UV region) at a 95% confidence level. The proposed device combined with portable instrumentation is promising for on-site HCQ detection.
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