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Kunsel T, Günther LM, Köhler J, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Probing size variations of molecular aggregates inside chlorosomes using single-object spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124310. [PMID: 34598584 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the possibility to use single-object spectroscopy to probe size variations of the bacteriochlorophyll aggregates inside chlorosomes. Chlorosomes are the light-harvesting organelles of green sulfur and non-sulfur bacteria. They are known to be the most efficient light-harvesting systems in nature. Key to this efficiency is the organization of bacteriochlorophyll molecules in large self-assembled aggregates that define the secondary structure inside the chlorosomes. Many studies have been reported to elucidate the morphology of these aggregates and the molecular packing inside them. It is widely believed that tubular aggregates play an important role. Because the size (radius and length) of these aggregates affects the optical and excitation energy transport properties, it is of interest to be able to probe these quantities inside chlorosomes. We show that a combination of single-chlorosome linear polarization resolved spectroscopy and single-chlorosome circular dichroism spectroscopy may be used to access the typical size of the tubular aggregates within a chlorosome and, thus, probe possible variations between individual chlorosomes that may result, for instance, from different stages in growth or different growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunsel
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L M Günther
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T L C Jansen
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Knoester
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Leiger K, Reisberg L, Freiberg A. Fluorescence Micro-Spectroscopy Study of Individual Photosynthetic Membrane Vesicles and Light-Harvesting Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9315-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4014509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Leiger
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142,
Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Liis Reisberg
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142,
Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142,
Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell
Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23,
Tartu 51010, Estonia
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McKelvey K, Martin S, Robinson C, Unwin PR. Quantitative local photosynthetic flux measurements at isolated chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7878-88. [PMID: 23751155 DOI: 10.1021/jp403048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) offers a fast and quantitative method to measure local fluxes within photosynthesis. In particular, we have measured the flux of oxygen and ferrocyanide (Fe(CN)6(4-)), from the artificial electron acceptor ferricyanide (Fe(CN)6(3-)), using a stationary ultramicroelectrode at chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes (sourced from chloroplasts). Oxygen generation at films of chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes was detected directly during photosynthesis, but in the case of thylakoid membranes, this switched to sustained oxygen consumption at longer illumination times. An initial oxygen concentration spike was detected over both chloroplast and thylakoid membrane films, and the kinetics of the oxygen generation were extracted by fitting the experimental data to a finite element method (FEM) simulation. In contrast to previous work, the oxygen generation spike was attributed to the limited size of the plastoquinone pool, a key component in the linear electron transport pathway and a contributing factor in photoinhibition. Finally, the mobile nature of the SECM probe, and its high spatial resolution, also allowed us to detect ferrocyanide produced from a single thylakoid membrane. These results further demonstrate the power of SECM for localized flux measurements in biological processes, in this case photosynthesis, and that the high time resolution, combined with FEM simulations, allows the elucidation of quantitative kinetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim McKelvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL
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Nevo R, Charuvi D, Tsabari O, Reich Z. Composition, architecture and dynamics of the photosynthetic apparatus in higher plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:157-76. [PMID: 22449050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of oxygenic photosynthesis enabled and still sustains aerobic life on Earth. The most elaborate form of the apparatus that carries out the primary steps of this vital process is the one present in higher plants. Here, we review the overall composition and supramolecular organization of this apparatus, as well as the complex architecture of the lamellar system within which it is harbored. Along the way, we refer to the genetic, biochemical, spectroscopic and, in particular, microscopic studies that have been employed to elucidate the structure and working of this remarkable molecular energy conversion device. As an example of the highly dynamic nature of the apparatus, we discuss the molecular and structural events that enable it to maintain high photosynthetic yields under fluctuating light conditions. We conclude the review with a summary of the hypotheses made over the years about the driving forces that underlie the partition of the lamellar system of higher plants and certain green algae into appressed and non-appressed membrane domains and the segregation of the photosynthetic protein complexes within these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Gardian Z, Tichý J, Vácha F. Structure of PSI, PSII and antennae complexes from yellow-green alga Xanthonema debile. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 108:25-32. [PMID: 21455629 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon fixation by Chromophytes is one of the significant components of a carbon cycle on the Earth. Their photosynthetic apparatus is different in pigment composition from that of green plants and algae. In this work we report structural maps of photosystem I, photosystem II and light harvesting antenna complexes isolated from a soil chromophytic alga Xanthonema debile (class Xanthophyceae). Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations followed by single particle analysis revealed that the overall structure of Xanthophytes' PSI and PSII complexes is similar to that known from higher plants or algae. Averaged top-view projections of Xanthophytes' light harvesting antenna complexes (XLH) showed two groups of particles. Smaller ones that correspond to a trimeric form of XLH, bigger particles resemble higher oligomeric form of XLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenko Gardian
- Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Amunts A, Toporik H, Borovikova A, Nelson N. Structure determination and improved model of plant photosystem I. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:3478-86. [PMID: 19923216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.072645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I functions as a sunlight energy converter, catalyzing one of the initial steps in driving oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants. Functionally, Photosystem I captures sunlight and transfers the excitation energy through an intricate and precisely organized antenna system, consisting of a pigment network, to the center of the molecule, where it is used in the transmembrane electron transfer reaction. Our current understanding of the sophisticated mechanisms underlying these processes has profited greatly from elucidation of the crystal structures of the Photosystem I complex. In this report, we describe the developments that ultimately led to enhanced structural information of plant Photosystem I. In addition, we report an improved crystallographic model at 3.3-A resolution, which allows analysis of the structure in more detail. An improved electron density map yielded identification and tracing of subunit PsaK. The location of an additional ten beta-carotenes as well as five chlorophylls and several loop regions, which were previously uninterpretable, are now modeled. This represents the most complete plant Photosystem I structure obtained thus far, revealing the locations of and interactions among 17 protein subunits and 193 non-covalently bound photochemical cofactors. Using the new crystal structure, we examine the network of contacts among the protein subunits from the structural perspective, which provide the basis for elucidating the functional organization of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Amunts
- Biochemistry Department, George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Cisek R, Spencer L, Prent N, Zigmantas D, Espie GS, Barzda V. Optical microscopy in photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 102:111-41. [PMID: 19851883 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging as well as the most frequently used optical microscopy techniques are reviewed and image contrast generation methods in a microscope are presented, focusing on the nonlinear contrasts such as harmonic generation and multiphoton excitation fluorescence. Nonlinear microscopy presents numerous advantages over linear microscopy techniques including improved deep tissue imaging, optical sectioning, and imaging of live unstained samples. Nonetheless, with the exception of multiphoton excitation fluorescence, nonlinear microscopy is in its infancy, lacking protocols, users and applications; hence, this review focuses on the potential of nonlinear microscopy for studying photosynthetic organisms. Examples of nonlinear microscopic imaging are presented including isolated light-harvesting antenna complexes from higher plants, starch granules, chloroplasts, unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya sp. and Anabaena sp. While focusing on nonlinear microscopy techniques, second and third harmonic generation and multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy, other emerging nonlinear imaging modalities are described and several linear optical microscopy techniques are reviewed in order to clearly describe their capabilities and to highlight the advantages of nonlinear microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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Amunts A, Nelson N. Plant Photosystem I Design in the Light of Evolution. Structure 2009; 17:637-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu LN, Elmalk AT, Aartsma TJ, Thomas JC, Lamers GEM, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ. Light-induced energetic decoupling as a mechanism for phycobilisome-related energy dissipation in red algae: a single molecule study. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3134. [PMID: 18769542 PMCID: PMC2518951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthetic organisms have developed multiple protective mechanisms to prevent photodamage in vivo under high-light conditions. Cyanobacteria and red algae use phycobilisomes (PBsomes) as their major light-harvesting antennae complexes. The orange carotenoid protein in some cyanobacteria has been demonstrated to play roles in the photoprotective mechanism. The PBsome-itself-related energy dissipation mechanism is still unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, single-molecule spectroscopy is applied for the first time on the PBsomes of red alga Porphyridium cruentum, to detect the fluorescence emissions of phycoerythrins (PE) and PBsome core complex simultaneously, and the real-time detection could greatly characterize the fluorescence dynamics of individual PBsomes in response to intense light. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data revealed that strong green-light can induce the fluorescence decrease of PBsome, as well as the fluorescence increase of PE at the first stage of photobleaching. It strongly indicated an energetic decoupling occurring between PE and its neighbor. The fluorescence of PE was subsequently observed to be decreased, showing that PE was photobleached when energy transfer in the PBsomes was disrupted. In contrast, the energetic decoupling was not observed in either the PBsomes fixed with glutaraldehyde, or the mutant PBsomes lacking B-PE and remaining b-PE. It was concluded that the energetic decoupling of the PBsomes occurs at the specific association between B-PE and b-PE within the PBsome rod. Assuming that the same process occurs also at the much lower physiological light intensities, such a decoupling process is proposed to be a strategy corresponding to PBsomes to prevent photodamage of the photosynthetic reaction centers. Finally, a novel photoprotective role of gamma-subunit-containing PE in red algae was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ning Liu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abdalmohsen T. Elmalk
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J. Aartsma
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Thomas
- UMR 8186 CNRS & Ecole Normale Supérieure, Biologie Moléculaire des Organismes Photosynthétiques, Paris, France
| | | | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Abramovitch DY, Andersson SB, Pao LY, Schitter G. A Tutorial on the Mechanisms, Dynamics, and Control of Atomic Force Microscopes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1109/acc.2007.4282300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gardian Z, Bumba L, Schrofel A, Herbstova M, Nebesarova J, Vacha F. Organisation of Photosystem I and Photosystem II in red alga Cyanidium caldarium: Encounter of cyanobacterial and higher plant concepts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:725-31. [PMID: 17346666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Structure and organisation of Photosystem I and Photosystem II isolated from red alga Cyanidium caldarium was determined by electron microscopy and single particle image analysis. The overall structure of Photosystem II was found to be similar to that known from cyanobacteria. The location of additional 20 kDa (PsbQ') extrinsic protein that forms part of the oxygen evolving complex was suggested to be in the vicinity of cytochrome c-550 (PsbV) and the 12 kDa (PsbU) protein. Photosystem I was determined as a monomeric unit consisting of PsaA/B core complex with varying amounts of antenna subunits attached. The number of these subunits was seen to be dependent on the light conditions used during cell cultivation. The role of PsaH and PsaG proteins of Photosystem I in trimerisation and antennae complexes binding is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenko Gardian
- Biological Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branisovská 31, 370 05 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic
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25 years of lasers and analytical chemistry: A reluctant pairing with a promising future. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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