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Ko YC, Lee J, Urban I, Seol YJ, Lee YM, Koo KT. The adjunctive effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide on bone formation in alveolar ridge preservation: A pre-clinical in vivo study. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:1034-1043. [PMID: 38613334 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the adjunctive effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on bone formation in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both mandibular second, third and fourth premolars of eight beagle dogs were randomly divided into ARP and ARP/PDRN groups. Following tooth extraction, ARP procedures were conducted using collagenized alloplastic graft material and bilayer collagen membrane soaked with normal saline (ARP group) or PDRN (ARP/PDRN group) for 10 min before application. Both groups were also randomly allocated to 2-, 4- or 12-week healing subgroups. The primary endpoint of this study was to compare histomorphometric differences between ARP and ARP/PDRN. The secondary endpoints of this study were to compare micro-CT analysis and three-dimensional volumetric measurement between the two groups. RESULTS In the histomorphometric analysis, the ARP/PDRN group exhibited greater new bone formation at coronal, middle and total position compared with the ARP group at 2-week healing. The number of newly formed blood vessels was higher in the ARP/PDRN group than in the ARP group at 2- and 4-week healing. In micro-CT analysis, the mean new bone volume/total bone volume between ARP and ARP/PDRN was statistically significant at 2-week healing. Ridge volume alterations were significantly decreased in the ARP/PDRN group during entire healing time compared with the ARP group, especially on the buccal side. CONCLUSIONS The application of PDRN in ARP might provide additional benefits for early bone regeneration and maintenance of buccal ridge volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chang Ko
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- One-Stop Specialty Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Istvan Urban
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Periodontology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Polverino G, Russo F, D’Andrea F. Bioactive Dressing: A New Algorithm in Wound Healing. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2488. [PMID: 38731023 PMCID: PMC11084389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound management presents a significant global challenge, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of wound care products and clinical expertise in selecting dressings. Bioactive dressings (BD) represent a diverse category of dressings, capable of influencing wound healing through various mechanisms. These dressings, including honey, hyaluronic acid, collagen, alginates, and polymers enriched with polyhexamethylene biguanide, chitin, and chitosan derivatives, create a conducive environment for healing, promoting moisture balance, pH regulation, oxygen permeability, and fluid management. Interactive dressings further enhance targeted action by serving as substrates for bioactive agents. The continuous evolution of BDs, with new products introduced annually, underscores the need for updated knowledge in wound care. To facilitate dressing selection, a practical algorithm considers wound exudate, infection probability, and bleeding, guiding clinicians through the process. This algorithm aims to optimize wound care by ensuring the appropriate selection of BDs tailored to individual patient needs, ultimately improving outcomes in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Polverino
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (F.R.); Tel.: +39-32-7449-3917 (G.P.); +39-33-3834-1531 (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Russo
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (F.R.); Tel.: +39-32-7449-3917 (G.P.); +39-33-3834-1531 (F.R.)
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Manfredini M, Poli PP, Beretta M, Pellegrini M, Salina FE, Maiorana C. Polydeoxyribonucleotides Pre-Clinical Findings in Bone Healing: A Scoping Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:280. [PMID: 38132418 PMCID: PMC10743101 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a chain-like polymer derived from DNA. Recent in vitro and animal studies have showcased the beneficial impacts of PDRN on the process of bone mending, whether used on its own or in conjunction with other substances that aid in regeneration. This scoping review aims to synthesize the current understanding of how PDRNs influence bone healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The studies included in the screening procedure were randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), both retrospective and prospective case-control studies, as well as in vitro and in vivo investigations. Articles were sourced from PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic databases using the following MeSH terms: (polydeoxyribonucleotide) and (bone) and (regeneration). RESULTS Initially, 228 articles were identified. Following the review process, a total of eight studies were ultimately examined. Among these, two were confined to laboratory studies, five were conducted on living organisms, and one encompassed both evaluations on living organisms and in vitro assessments. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to present the data extracted from the studies that were included. CONCLUSIONS PDRN has the potential to enhance the process of bone healing and the quantity of newly generated bone when combined with grafting materials. Future clinical studies are warranted to ascertain the appropriate clinical application of PDRN based on the dosage under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Manfredini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Poli
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Beretta
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Eugenia Salina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Maiorana
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (F.E.S.); (C.M.)
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Yun J, Park S, Park HY, Lee KA. Efficacy of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Promoting the Healing of Diabetic Wounds in a Murine Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes: A Pilot Experiment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031932. [PMID: 36768255 PMCID: PMC9916466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the efficacy of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) in accelerating the healing of diabetic wounds in a murine model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. After the creation of diabetic wounds, the mice of the PDRN SC, PDRN IP and PBS groups received a subcutaneous, an intra-peritoneal injection of PDRN and a subcutaneous injection of PBS, respectively. After euthanasia, time-dependent changes in the wound diameter and histologic scores were measured and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen types I and III were assessed for their expression levels. The PDRN SC and the PDRN IP groups showed a significantly smaller diameter of diabetic wounds, significantly higher histologic scores, a significantly greater expression of VEGF, a significantly lower expression of TGF-β1 and a significantly greater expression of collagen types I and III as compared with the PBS group (p < 0.05 or 0.0001). In conclusion, PDRN might be effective in promoting the healing of diabetic wounds in a murine model of STZ-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Yun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - SaeGwang Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
- Innovative Therapeutic Research Institute, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Defibrotide suppresses brain metastasis by activating the adenosine A2A receptors. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:1081-1090. [PMID: 35946567 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a devastating clinical condition globally as one of the most common central nervous system malignancies. The current study aimed to assess the effect of defibrotide, an Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, against brain metastasis and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Two tumor cell lines with high brain metastasis potential, PC-9 and 231-BR, were subjected to defibrotide treatment of increasing dosage. The metastasis capacity of the tumor cells was evaluated by cell invasion and migration assays. Western blotting was employed to determine the levels of tight junction proteins in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) including Occludin, Zo-1, and Claudin-5, as well as metastasis-related proteins including CXCR4, MMP-2, and MMP-9. The in-vitro observations were further verified in nude mice, by monitoring the growth of xenograft tumors, mouse survival and brain metastasis foci following defibrotide treatment. Defibrotide inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and promotes lactate dehydrogenase release of brain metastatic tumor cells, elevated the levels of BBB tight junction proteins and metastasis-related proteins. Such beneficial role of defibrotide was mediated by its inhibitory action on the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis both in vitro and in vivo, as CXCR4 agonist SDF1α negated the anti-tumoral effect of defibrotide on mouse xenograft tumor growth, mouse survival and brain metastasis. Defibrotide inhibits brain metastasis through activating the adenosine A2A receptors, which in turn inhibits the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis. Our study hereby proposes defibrotide as a new and promising candidate drug against brain metastasis of multiple organ origins.
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Polydeoxyribonucleotide: A Promising Biological Platform to Accelerate Impaired Skin Wound Healing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111103. [PMID: 34832885 PMCID: PMC8618295 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal wound healing process is characterized by a complex, highly integrated cascade of events, requiring the interactions of many cell types, including inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells, as well as the involvement of growth factors and enzymes. However, several diseases such as diabetes, thermal injury and ischemia could lead to an impaired wound healing process characterized by wound hypoxia, high levels of oxygen radicals, reduced angiogenesis, decreased collagen synthesis and organization. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) has been used to improve wound healing through local and systemic administration thanks to its ability to promote cell migration and growth, angiogenesis, and to reduce inflammation on impaired wound healing models in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. In light of all these observations, the aim of this review is to provide a full overview of PDRN applications on skin regeneration. We reviewed papers published in the last 25 years on PubMed, inserting “polydeoxyribonucleotide and wound healing” as the main search term. All data obtained proved the ability of PDRN in promoting physiological tissue repair through adenosine A2A receptor activation and salvage pathway suggesting that PDRN has proven encouraging results in terms of healing time, wound regeneration and absence of side effects.
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Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Polynucleotide Improve Tendon Healing and Decrease Fatty Degeneration in a Rat Cuff Repair Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:1009-1020. [PMID: 34387852 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After surgical repair of chronic rotator cuff tears, healing of the repaired tendons often fails and is accompanied by high-level fatty degeneration. Our purpose was to explore the effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and polynucleotide (PN) on tendon healing and the reversal of fatty degeneration in a chronic rotator cuff tear model using a rat infraspinatus. METHODS Sixty rats were randomly assigned to the following three groups (20 rats per group: 12 for histological evaluation and 8 for mechanical testing): saline + repair (SR), PDRN + repair (PR), and PN + repair (PNR). The right shoulder was used for experimental intervention, and the left served as a control. Four weeks after detaching the infraspinatus, the torn tendon was repaired. Saline, PDRN, and PN were applied to the repair sites. Histological evaluation was performed 3 and 6 weeks after repair and biomechanical analysis was performed at 6 weeks. RESULTS Three weeks after repair, the PR and PNR groups had more CD168-stained cells than the SR group. The PR group showed a larger cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers than the SR and PNR groups. Six weeks after repair, the PR and PNR groups showed more adipose cells, less CD68-stained cells, and more parallel tendon collagen fibers than the SR group. The PR group had more CD 68-stained cells than the PNR group. The PR group showed a larger CSA than the SR group. The mean load-to-failure values of the PR and PNR groups were higher than that of the SR group, although these differences were not significant. CONCLUSION PDRN and PN may improve tendon healing and decrease fatty degeneration after cuff repair.
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Colangelo MT, Galli C, Guizzardi S. Polydeoxyribonucleotide Regulation of Inflammation. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Colangelo
- Histology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Guizzardi
- Histology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Colangelo MT, Galli C, Guizzardi S. The effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide on wound healing and tissue regeneration: a systematic review of the literature. Regen Med 2020; 15:1801-1821. [PMID: 32757710 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study evaluated the effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on tissue regeneration, paying special attention to the molecular mechanisms that underlie its tissue remodeling actions to better identify its effective therapeutic potential in wound healing. Materials & methods: Strategic searches were conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from their earliest available dates to March 2020. The studies were included with the following eligibility criteria: studies evaluating tissue regeneration, and being an in vitro, in vivo and clinical study. Results: Out of more than 90 articles, 34 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All data obtained proved the ability of PDRN in promoting a physiological tissue repair through salvage pathway and adenosine A2A receptor activation. Conclusion: Up to date PDRN has proved promising results in term of wound regeneration, healing time and absence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Colangelo
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Histology & Embryology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Galli
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Guizzardi
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Histology & Embryology Lab, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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The Effect of Polydeoxyribonucleotide Extracted from Salmon Sperm on the Restoration of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17010051. [PMID: 30641942 PMCID: PMC6356836 DOI: 10.3390/md17010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) used for treating skeletal diseases can induce bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Despite much effort, effective remedies are yet to be established. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) extracted from salmon sperm for the treatment of BRONJ, in a BRONJ-induced rat model. Compared with BRONJ-induced samples, PDRN-treated samples exhibited lower necrotic bone percentages and increased numbers of blood vessels and attached osteoclast production. Moreover, local administration of PDRN at a high concentration (8 mg/kg) remarkably resolved the osteonecrosis. Findings from this study suggest that local administration of PDRN at a specific concentration may be considered clinically for the management of BRONJ.
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Sodium-DNA for Bone Tissue Regeneration: An Experimental Study in Rat Calvaria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7320953. [PMID: 29082254 PMCID: PMC5610838 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7320953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Surgical techniques in dental and maxillofacial surgery request fast bone tissue regeneration, so there is a significant need to improve therapy for bone regeneration. Several studies have recently underlined the importance of nucleotides and nucleosides to increase cell proliferation and activity; in particular, the ability of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) to induce growth and activity of human osteoblasts was demonstrated. Sodium-DNA is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from the gonadic tissue of male sturgeon and then purified, depolymerized, and neutralized with sodium hydroxide. To date, there are no evidences about the use of Sodium-DNA for bone tissue regeneration. Consequently, our question is about the efficacy of Sodium-DNA in bone healing. For testing the role of Sodium-DNA in bone healing we used a rat calvarial defect model. Sodium-DNA at different concentrations used alone or in association with Fibrin and/or Bio-Oss was used for healing treatments and the bone healing process was evaluated by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Our results suggested a positive effect of Sodium-DNA in bone regeneration, providing a useful protocol and a model for the future clinical evaluation of its osteogenic properties.
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Pizzino G, Irrera N, Galfo F, Oteri G, Atteritano M, Pallio G, Mannino F, D'Amore A, Pellegrino E, Aliquò F, Anastasi GP, Cutroneo G, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Bitto A. Adenosine Receptor Stimulation Improves Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in a Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:558. [PMID: 28928654 PMCID: PMC5591884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a secondary cause of bone loss. Bisphosphonates approved for GIO, might induce jaw osteonecrosis; thus additional therapeutics are required. Adenosine receptor agonists are positive regulators of bone remodeling, thus the efficacy of adenosine receptor stimulation for treating GIO was tested. In a preventive study GIO was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by methylprednisolone (MP) for 60 days. Animals were randomly assigned to receive polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), an adenosine A2 receptor agonist, or PDRN and DMPX (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine, an A2 antagonist), or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Another set of animals was used for a treatment study, following the 60 days of MP-induction rats were randomized to receive (for additional 60 days) PDRN, or PDRN and DMPX (an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist), or zoledronate (as control for gold standard treatment), or vehicle. Control animals were administered with vehicle for either 60 or 120 days. Femurs were analyzed after treatments for histology, imaging, and breaking strength analysis. MP treatment induced severe bone loss, the concomitant use of PDRN prevented the developing of osteoporosis. In rats treated for 120 days, PDRN restored bone architecture and bone strength; increased b-ALP, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and stimulated the Wnt canonical and non-canonical pathway. Zoledronate reduced bone resorption and ameliorated the histological features, without significant effects on bone formation. Our results suggest that adenosine receptor stimulation might be useful for preventing and treating GIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Federica Galfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Oteri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Marco Atteritano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Angelica D'Amore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Enrica Pellegrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Federica Aliquò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe P Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cutroneo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
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Squadrito F, Bitto A, Irrera N, Pizzino G, Pallio G, Minutoli L, Altavilla D. Pharmacological Activity and Clinical Use of PDRN. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:224. [PMID: 28491036 PMCID: PMC5405115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PDRN is a proprietary and registered drug that possesses several activities: tissue repairing, anti-ischemic, and anti-inflammatory. These therapeutic properties suggest its use in regenerative medicine and in diabetic foot ulcers. PDRN holds a mixture of deoxyribonucleotides with molecular weights ranging between 50 and 1,500 KDa, it is derived from a controlled purification and sterilization process of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmon Trout) or Oncorhynchus keta (Chum Salmon) sperm DNA. The procedure guarantees the absence of active protein and peptides that may cause immune reactions. In vitro and in vivo experiments have suggested that PDRN most relevant mechanism of action is the engagement of adenosine A2A receptors. Besides engaging the A2A receptor, PDRN offers nucleosides and nucleotides for the so called “salvage pathway.” The binding to adenosine A2A receptors is a unique property of PDRN and seems to be linked to DNA origin, molecular weight and manufacturing process. In this context, PDRN represents a new advancement in the pharmacotherapy. In fact adenosine and dipyridamole are non-selective activators of adenosine receptors and they may cause unwanted side effects; while regadenoson, the only other A2A receptor agonist available, has been approved by the FDA as a pharmacological stress agent in myocardial perfusion imaging. Finally, defibrotide, another drug composed by a mixture of oligonucleotides, has different molecular weight, a DNA of different origin and does not share the same wound healing stimulating effects of PDRN. The present review analyses the more relevant experimental and clinical evidences carried out to characterize PDRN therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Squadrito
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
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Veronesi F, Dallari D, Sabbioni G, Carubbi C, Martini L, Fini M. Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) From Skin to Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration via Adenosine A 2A Receptor Involvement. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2299-2307. [PMID: 27791262 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) are low molecular weight DNA molecules of natural origin that stimulate cell migration and growth, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein production, and reduce inflammation. Most preclinical and clinical studies on tissue regeneration with PDRNs focused on skin, and only few are about musculoskeletal tissues. Starting from an overview on skin regeneration studies, through the analysis of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies (1990-2016), the present review aimed at defining the effects of PDRN and their mechanisms of action in the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. This would also help future researches in this area. A total of 29 studies were found by PubMed and www.webofknowledge.com searches: 20 were on skin (six in vitro, six in vivo, one vitro/vivo, seven clinical studies), while the other nine regarded bone (one in vitro, two in vivo, one clinical studies), cartilage (one in vitro, one vitro/vivo, two clinical studies), or tendon (one clinical study) tissues regeneration. PDRNs improved cell growth, tissue repair, ECM proteins, physical activity, and reduced pain and inflammation, through the activation of adenosine A2A receptor. PDRNs are currently used for bone, cartilage, and tendon diseases, with a great variability regarding the PDRN dosage to be used in clinical practice, while the dosage for skin regeneration is well established. PDRNs are usually administered from a minimum of three to a maximum of five times and they act trough the activation of A2A receptor. Further studies are advisable to confirm the effectiveness of PDRNs and to standardize the PDRN dose. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2299-2307, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Dallari
- Conservative Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques Ward, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sabbioni
- Conservative Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques Ward, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Carubbi
- Conservative Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques Ward, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, Bologna, Italy
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Squadrito F, Micali A, Rinaldi M, Irrera N, Marini H, Puzzolo D, Pisani A, Lorenzini C, Valenti A, Laurà R, Germanà A, Bitto A, Pizzino G, Pallio G, Altavilla D, Minutoli L. Polydeoxyribonucleotide, an Adenosine-A2 A Receptor Agonist, Preserves Blood Testis Barrier from Cadmium-Induced Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:537. [PMID: 28119612 PMCID: PMC5222826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) impairs blood-testis barrier (BTB). Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), an adenosine A2A agonist, has positive effects on male reproductive system. We investigated the effects of PDRN on the morphological and functional changes induced by Cd in mice testes. Adult Swiss mice were divided into four groups: controls administered with 0.9% NaCl (1 ml/kg, i.p., daily) or with PDRN (8 mg/kg, i.p. daily), animals challenged with Cd chloride (CdCl2; 2 mg/kg, i.p, daily) and animals challenged with CdCl2 (2 mg/kg, i.p., daily) and treated with PDRN (8 mg/kg, i.p., daily). Experiments lasted 14 days. Testes were processed for biochemical, structural, and ultrastructural evaluation and hormones were assayed in serum. CdCl2 increased pERK 1/2 expression and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels; it decreased testosterone (TE) and inhibin-B levels and induced structural damages in extratubular compartment and in seminiferous epithelium, with ultrastructural features of BTB disruption. Many TUNEL-positive germ cells were present. CdCl2 increased tubular TGF-β3 immunoreactivity and reduced claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin immunoreactivity. PDRN administration reduced pERK 1/2 expression, FSH, and LH levels; it increased TE and inhibin-B levels, ameliorated germinal epithelium changes and protected BTB ultrastructure. Few TUNEL-positive germ cells were present and the extratubular compartment was preserved. Furthermore, PDRN decreased TGF-β3 immunoreactivity and enhanced claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin immunoreactivity. We demonstrate a protective effect of PDRN on Cd-induced damages of BTB and suggest that PDRN may play an important role against Cd, particularly against its harmful effects on gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Rinaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Herbert Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Pisani
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Cesare Lorenzini
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Valenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Laurà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
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De Caridi G, Massara M, Acri I, Zavettieri S, Grande R, Butrico L, de Franciscis S, Serra R. Trophic effects of polynucleotides and hyaluronic acid in the healing of venous ulcers of the lower limbs: a clinical study. Int Wound J 2014; 13:754-8. [PMID: 25224018 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment of venous lower limbs ulcers through the topical application of polynucleotides and hyaluronic acid gel (PNHA): Nucliaskin S™ (Mastelli srl, San Remo, Italy). This study was carried out in 39 consecutive patients who were randomly allocated to two groups: group I (20 patients) received treatment with PNHA (topical gel application two times a week, for a total of 6 weeks); group II (19 patients) received only hyaluronic acid (HA) topical application. All patients received a surgical debridement of the ulcerative lesions before topical treatment with PNHA or HA. Pre-treatment data indicated the area of ulceration. The number of healed ulcers and the variation in area of ulceration were considered as endpoints. The endpoints were observed after 45 days from the beginning of treatment. Complete wound healing occurred in 60% of limbs of group I and in 22% of those of group II patients. The average area reduction was 67% versus 34% in patients of group I and II, respectively. No side effects were recorded in both groups. Our experience shows that PNHA has an elevated trophic effect and speeds the healing rate of venous lower limb ulcers. This treatment may be a valid option in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Caridi
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department,"Policlinico G. Martino" Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mafalda Massara
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department,"Policlinico G. Martino" Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ignazio Acri
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department,"Policlinico G. Martino" Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Zavettieri
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department,"Policlinico G. Martino" Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Grande
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Butrico
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano de Franciscis
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. .,Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Ruggiu A, Cancedda R. Bone mechanobiology, gravity and tissue engineering: effects and insights. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:1339-51. [PMID: 25052837 DOI: 10.1002/term.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis strongly depends on fine tuned mechanosensitive regulation signals from environmental forces into biochemical responses. Similar to the ageing process, during spaceflights an altered mechanotransduction occurs as a result of the effects of bone unloading, eventually leading to loss of functional tissue. Although spaceflights represent the best environment to investigate near-zero gravity effects, there are major limitations for setting up experimental analysis. A more feasible approach to analyse the effects of reduced mechanostimulation on the bone is represented by the 'simulated microgravity' experiments based on: (1) in vitro studies, involving cell cultures studies and the use of bioreactors with tissue engineering approaches; (2) in vivo studies, based on animal models; and (3) direct analysis on human beings, as in the case of the bed rest tests. At present, advanced tissue engineering methods allow investigators to recreate bone microenvironment in vitro for mechanobiology studies. This group and others have generated tissue 'organoids' to mimic in vitro the in vivo bone environment and to study the alteration cells can go through when subjected to unloading. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the bone tissue response to mechanostimuli will help developing new strategies to prevent loss of tissue caused by altered mechanotransduction, as well as identifying new approaches for the treatment of diseases via drug testing. This review focuses on the effects of reduced gravity on bone mechanobiology by providing the up-to-date and state of the art on the available data by drawing a parallel with the suitable tissue engineering systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ruggiu
- University of Genova, Department of Experimental Medicine, Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- University of Genova, Department of Experimental Medicine & IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genova, Italy
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Polydeoxyribonucleotide Dermal Infiltration in Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus: Adjuvant Effects during Topical Therapy. Dermatol Res Pract 2013; 2013:654079. [PMID: 24489537 PMCID: PMC3893745 DOI: 10.1155/2013/654079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disease that leads to tissue sclerosis. Actually, the first-line treatment consists of local steroid as clobetasol propionate (CP). Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects through the reduction of cytokine production and growth stimulation of fibroblast. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of intradermal administration of PDRN in male patients suffering from genital lichen sclerosus in addition to topical 0.05% CP, as compared to administering 0.05% CP without PDRN injection. Patients/Methods. A group of male patients (n = 28; aged 25 to 65) suffering from LS were observed during topical therapy or subdermal in addition to topical therapy. Disease activity at baseline was evaluated on Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). We used polydeoxyribonucleotide in a commercial preparation for human use and a topical CP emulsion. Results. After therapy, in all group A patients there has been a regression of most of clinical pathological signs, while there has been a moderate improvement in all group B patients. Conclusions. On site intradermal administration of PDRN, associated with CP 0.05% cream, seemed to be associated with a clinical improvement of lichen sclerosus better than CP used in single therapy.
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Raposio E, Guida C, Coradeghini R, Scanarotti C, Parodi A, Baldelli I, Fiocca R, Santi PL. In vitro polydeoxyribonucleotide effects on human pre-adipocytes. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:739-54. [PMID: 18673371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue is the most abundant and accessible source of adult stem cells. Human processed lipoaspirate contains pre-adipocytes that possess one of the a characteristic pathways of multipotent adult stem cells and are able to differentiate in vitro into mesenchymal and also neurogenic lineages. Because stem cells have great potential for use in tissue repair and regeneration, it would be significant to be able to obtain large amounts of these cells in vitro. As demonstrated previously, purine nucleosides and nucleotides mixtures can act as mitogens for several cell types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN), at appropriate concentrations, on human pre-adipocytes grown in a controlled medium, also using different passages, so as to investigate the relationship between the effect of this compound and cellular senescence, which is the phenomenon when normal diploid cells lose the ability to divide further. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human pre-adipocytes were obtained by liposuction. Cells from different culture passages (P6 and P16) were treated with PDRN at different experimental times. Cell number was evaluated for each sample by direct counting after trypan blue treatment. DNA assay and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test were also carried out in all cases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS PDRN seemed to promote proliferation of human pre-adipocytes at both passages, but cell population growth increased in pre-adipocyte at P16, after 9 days as compared to control. Our data suggest that PDRN could act as a pre-adipocyte growth stimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Raposio
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Division, DICMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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