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Sergunova V, Inozemtsev V, Vorobjeva N, Kozlova E, Sherstyukova E, Lyapunova S, Chernysh A. Morphology of Neutrophils during Their Activation and NETosis: Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Cells 2023; 12:2199. [PMID: 37681931 PMCID: PMC10486724 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Confocal microscopy and fluorescence staining of cellular structures are commonly used to study neutrophil activation and NETosis. However, they do not reveal the specific characteristics of the neutrophil membrane surface, its nanostructure, and morphology. The aim of this study was to reveal the topography and nanosurface characteristics of neutrophils during activation and NETosis using atomic force microscopy (AFM). We showed the main stages of neutrophil activation and NETosis, which include control cell spreading, cell fragment formation, fusion of nuclear segments, membrane disruption, release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and final cell disintegration. Changes in neutrophil membrane nanosurface parameters during activation and NETosis were quantified. It was shown that with increasing activation time there was a decrease in the spectral intensity of the spatial periods. Exposure to the activator A23187 resulted in an increase in the number and average size of cell fragments over time. Exposure to the activators A23187 and PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) caused the same pattern of cell transformation from spherical cells with segmented nuclei to disrupted cells with NET release. A23187 induced NETosis earlier than PMA, but PMA resulted in more cells with NETosis at the end of the specified time interval (180 min). In our study, we used AFM as the main research tool. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) images are provided for identification and detailed analysis of the phenomena studied. In this way, we exploited the advantages of both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Sergunova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Vladimir Inozemtsev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Vorobjeva
- Department of Immunology, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Kozlova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sherstyukova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Snezhanna Lyapunova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Aleksandr Chernysh
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (E.K.); (E.S.); (S.L.); (A.C.)
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Structural Configuration of Blood Cell Membranes Determines Their Nonlinear Deformation Properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1140176. [PMID: 35480142 PMCID: PMC9038403 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1140176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of neutrophils and red blood cells (RBCs) to undergo significant deformations is a key to their normal functioning. Disruptions of these processes can lead to pathologies. This work studied the influence of structural configuration rearrangements of membranes after exposure to external factors on the ability of native membranes of neutrophils and RBCs to undergo deep deformation. The rearrangement of the structural configuration of neutrophil and RBC membranes under the influence of cytological fixatives caused nonlinear deformation phenomena. There were an increase in Young's modulus, a decrease in the depth of homogeneous bending, and a change in the distance between cytoskeletal junctions. Based on the results of the analysis of experimental data, a mathematical model was proposed that describes the process of deep bending of RBСs and neutrophil membranes.
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Sergunova V, Leesment S, Kozlov A, Inozemtsev V, Platitsina P, Lyapunova S, Onufrievich A, Polyakov V, Sherstyukova E. Investigation of Red Blood Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22052055. [PMID: 35271203 PMCID: PMC8914789 DOI: 10.3390/s22052055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, much research is devoted to the study of biological objects using atomic force microscopy (AFM). This method’s resolution is superior to the other non-scanning techniques. Our study aims to further emphasize some of the advantages of using AFM as a clinical screening tool. The study focused on red blood cells exposed to various physical and chemical factors, namely hemin, zinc ions, and long-term storage. AFM was used to investigate the morphological, nanostructural, cytoskeletal, and mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Based on experimental data, a set of important biomarkers determining the status of blood cells have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Sergunova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Cell Membranes under Critical State, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-985-724-1827
| | - Stanislav Leesment
- NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments, Proezd 4922, 4/3 Zelenograd, 124460 Moscow, Russia; (S.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Aleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Inozemtsev
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Cell Membranes under Critical State, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Polina Platitsina
- Institute of Biotechnical Systems and Technologies National Research“MIET”, Shokin Sq., Build.1, 124498 Zelenograd, Russia;
| | - Snezhanna Lyapunova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Cell Membranes under Critical State, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Alexander Onufrievich
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Hospital Sq., Build. 3, 105094 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav Polyakov
- NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments, Proezd 4922, 4/3 Zelenograd, 124460 Moscow, Russia; (S.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Sherstyukova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Cell Membranes under Critical State, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.); (S.L.); (E.S.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Topological Relationships Cytoskeleton-Membrane Nanosurface-Morphology as a Basic Mechanism of Total Disorders of RBC Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042045. [PMID: 35216154 PMCID: PMC8876224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The state of red blood cells (RBCs) and their functional possibilities depend on the structural organization of the membranes. Cell morphology and membrane nanostructure are compositionally and functionally related to the cytoskeleton network. In this work, the influence of agents (hemin, endogenous oxidation during storage of packed RBCs, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature, and potential of hydrogen (pH) changes) on the relationships between cytoskeleton destruction, membrane nanostructure, and RBC morphology was observed by atomic force microscope. It was shown that the influence of factors of a physical and biochemical nature causes structural rearrangements in RBCs at all levels of organization, forming a unified mechanism of disturbances in relationships “cytoskeleton-membrane nanosurface-cell morphology”. Filament ruptures and, consequently, large cytoskeleton pores appeared. The pores caused membrane topological defects in the form of separate grain domains. Increasing loading doses led to an increase in the number of large cytoskeleton pores and defects and their fusion at the membrane nanosurfaces. This caused the changes in RBC morphology. Our results can be used in molecular cell biology, membrane biophysics, and in fundamental and practical medicine.
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Demchenkov EL, Nagdalian AA, Budkevich RO, Oboturova NP, Okolelova AI. Usage of atomic force microscopy for detection of the damaging effect of CdCl 2 on red blood cells membrane. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111683. [PMID: 33396015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of detecting the damaging effect of cadmium salts on red blood cells (RBC) membrane by atomic force microscopy and light microscopy was studied. White wistar rats RBC were incubated with cadmium chloride in concentrations of 1 μg/l, 10 μg/l, 100 μg/l, and 1000 μg/l for the research. A comparison of sample preparation methods proposed by other authors in previous studies is made. The optimal method that does not significantly affect the change in the morphological features of the cell is selected. The quantitative assessment of damaged and destroyed RBC depending on the concentration of cadmium was performed by optical microscopy. The study showed that CdCl2 has a damaging effect on the RBC membrane, which leads to the formation of non-specific cell forms. A comparative assessment was made between the methods of optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy for the suitability of studying the morphological characteristics of abnormal forms of the RBC. It is shown that the method of atomic force microscopy allows registering morphological changes in the RBC that cannot be registered by optical microscopy. It is pointed that CdCl2 has effect on destruction of the RBC and the formation of specific bulges on the RBC membrane. Influence of CdCl2 on the RBC mechanical properties was studied using atomic force microscopy. The possibility of using atomic force microscopy in studies of morphology and mechanical properties of the RBC under toxicity effect of cadmium is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Nagdalian
- North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russian Federation.
| | - R O Budkevich
- North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russian Federation
| | - N P Oboturova
- North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol, Russian Federation
| | - A I Okolelova
- Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
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6
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Two-step process of cytoskeletal structural damage during long-term storage of packed red blood cells. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2020; 19:124-134. [PMID: 33370227 DOI: 10.2450/2020.0220-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Storage of packed red blood cells (PRBC) for 42 days causes morphological, structural, and functional changes in the red cells. To assess the quality of stored PRBC, it is important to evaluate the main components of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of the structural transformations in the cytoskeleton of red cells during long-term storage (up to 42 days). MATERIALS AND METHODS Bags of PRBC were stored with CPD/SAGM solution at +4 °C. Cytoskeletal parameters were measured on days 3, 12, 19, 21, 24, 28, 35, and 42 of storage to determine their changes. Atomic force microscopy was used to obtain images and analyse the parameters of the cytoskeletal network. As the storage time increased, a general PRBC test was performed. Membrane fixatives were not used at any stage of the preparation of the specimens for cytoskeletal imaging. RESULTS When PRBC were stored for 42 days, the main changes to the cytoskeletal mesh included rupture of filaments, merger of small pores into larger ones, a decrease of the number of pores, thickening of filaments, and an increase of membrane stiffness. A process of irreversible changes to the cytoskeleton started on days 19-21. A kinetic model of changes in the parameters of the cytoskeletal mesh with time of PRBC storage was created. DISCUSSION Two stages of impairment in cytoskeletal elements were found: rupture of filaments and clustering of protein components. The typical time of development and specifics of these stages are discussed. The consequences of the altered configuration of the cytoskeleton are also discussed. Destruction of the red cell cytoskeleton can have a negative effect on the efficacy of blood transfusion and increase the risk of post-transfusion complications. Our findings can be used in clinical medicine to evaluate the quality of PRBC for blood transfusion as well as for studies of the molecular organisation of red cells undergoing various types of physical and chemical treatment.
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Rey-Barroso L, Roldán M, Burgos-Fernández FJ, Gassiot S, Ruiz Llobet A, Isola I, Vilaseca M. Spectroscopic Evaluation of Red Blood Cells of Thalassemia Patients with Confocal Microscopy: A Pilot Study. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20144039. [PMID: 32708084 PMCID: PMC7412432 DOI: 10.3390/s20144039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies represent the most common single-gene defects in the world and pose a major public health problem, particularly in tropical countries, where they occur with high frequency. Diagnosing hemoglobinopathies can sometimes be difficult due to the coexistence of different causes of anemia, such as thalassemia and iron deficiency, and blood transfusions, among other factors, and requires expensive and complex molecular tests. This work explores the possibility of using spectral confocal microscopy as a diagnostic tool for thalassemia in pediatric patients, a disease caused by mutations in the globin genes that result in changes of the globin chains that form hemoglobin-in pediatric patients. Red blood cells (RBCs) from patients with different syndromes of alpha-thalassemia and iron deficiency (including anemia) as well as healthy (control) subjects were analyzed under a Leica TCS SP8 confocal microscope following different image acquisition protocols. We found that diseased RBCs exhibited autofluorescence when excited at 405 nm and their emission was collected in the spectral range from 425 nm to 790 nm. Three experimental descriptors calculated from the mean emission intensities at 502 nm, 579 nm, 628 nm, and 649 nm allowed us to discriminate between diseased and healthy cells. According to the results obtained, spectral confocal microscopy could serve as a tool in the diagnosis of thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rey-Barroso
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Technical University of Catalonia, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (F.J.B.-F.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-739-8905
| | - Mónica Roldán
- Unit of Confocal Microscopy, Service of Pathological Anatomy, Pediatric Institute of Rare Diseases, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (S.G.); (I.I.)
| | - Francisco J. Burgos-Fernández
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Technical University of Catalonia, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (F.J.B.-F.); (M.V.)
| | - Susanna Gassiot
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (S.G.); (I.I.)
- Laboratory of Hematology, Service of Laboratory Diagnosis, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz Llobet
- Service of Pediatric Hematology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Isola
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; (S.G.); (I.I.)
- Laboratory of Hematology, Service of Laboratory Diagnosis, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vilaseca
- Centre for Sensors, Instruments and Systems Development, Technical University of Catalonia, 08222 Terrassa, Spain; (F.J.B.-F.); (M.V.)
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Díaz-Marrero AR, Rodríguez González MC, Hernández Creus A, Rodríguez Hernández A, Fernández JJ. Damages at the nanoscale on red blood cells promoted by fire corals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14298. [PMID: 31586105 PMCID: PMC6778144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrocoral Millepora alcicornis, known as fire coral, biosynthesize protein toxins with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity as a main defense mechanism; proteins that rapidly catalyse the hydrolysis at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine-type phospholipids of cellular membranes. This hydrolysis mechanism triggers a structural damage in the outer leaflet of the red blood cells (RBC) membrane, by generating pores in the lipid bilayer that leads to a depletion of the cellular content of the damaged cell. A secondary mechanism, tentatively caused by pore-forming proteins toxins (PFTs), has been observed. The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has allowed to visualize the evolution of damages produced on the surface of the cells at the nanoscale level along the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Díaz-Marrero
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam C Rodríguez González
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Física, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología (IMN), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s.n., 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alberto Hernández Creus
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Física, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología (IMN), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s.n., 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Adriana Rodríguez Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología. UD Ciencias Marinas. Facultad de Ciencias (Sección Biología), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s.n., 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José J Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s.n., 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Kozlova E, Chernysh A, Sergunova V, Manchenko E, Moroz V, Kozlov A. Conformational Distortions of the Red Blood Cell Spectrin Matrix Nanostructure in Response to Temperature Changes In Vitro. SCANNING 2019; 2019:8218912. [PMID: 31198487 PMCID: PMC6526551 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8218912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The spectrin matrix is a structural element of red blood cells (RBCs). As such, it affects RBC morphology, membrane deformability, nanostructure, stiffness, and, ultimately, the rheological properties of blood. However, little is known about how temperature affects the spectrin matrix. In this study, the nanostructure of the spectrin network was recorded by atomic force microscopy. We describe how the nanostructure of the RBC spectrin matrix changes from a regular network to a chaotic pattern following an increase in temperature from 20 to 50°C. At 20-37°С, the spectrin network formed a regular structure with dimensions of typically 150 ± 60 nm. At 42-43°С, 83% of the spectrin network assumed an irregular structure. Finally, at 49-50°С the chaotic pattern was observed, and no quantitative estimates of the spectrin structure's parameters could be made. These results can be useful for biophysical studies on the destruction of the spectrin network under pathological conditions, as well as for investigating cell morphology and blood rheology in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kozlova
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031, 25 Petrovka St., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Chernysh
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031, 25 Petrovka St., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria Sergunova
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031, 25 Petrovka St., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Manchenko
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031, 25 Petrovka St., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Moroz
- V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031, 25 Petrovka St., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Kozlov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Starodubtseva MN, Mitsura EF, Starodubtsev IE, Chelnokova IA, Yegorenkov NI, Volkova LI, Kharin YS. Nano- and microscale mechanical properties of erythrocytes in hereditary spherocytosis. J Biomech 2018; 83:1-8. [PMID: 30503563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS), an erythrocyte membranopathy, is a heterogeneous disease, even at the level of the erythrocyte population. The paper aims at studying the mechanical properties (the Young's modulus, median and RMS roughness of friction force maps; fractal dimension, lacunarity and spatial distribution parameters of lateral force maps) of the cell surface layer of the erythrocytes of two different morphologies (discocytes and spherocytes) in HS using atomic force microscopy. The results of spatial-spectral and fractal analysis showed that the mechanical property maps of the HS spherocyte surface were more structurally homogeneous compared to the maps of HS discocytes. HS spherocytes also had a reduced RMS roughness and lacunarity of the mechanical property maps. The Young's modulus and averaged friction forces over the microscale HS spherocyte surface regions were approximately 20% higher than that of HS discocytes. The revealed significant difference at the nano- and microscales in the structural and mechanical properties of main (discoidal and spheroidal) morphological types of HS erythrocytes can potentially cause blood flow disturbance in the vascular system in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Starodubtseva
- Gomel State Medical University, Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Lange Str., 5, 246000 Gomel, Belarus; Radiobiology Institute of NAS of Belarus, Fedyuninskogo Str., 4, 246007 Gomel, Belarus.
| | - Ekaterina F Mitsura
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Ilyicha Str., 290, 246040 Gomel, Belarus
| | - Ivan E Starodubtsev
- Research Institute for Applied Problems of Mathematics and Informatics, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Ave., 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Irina A Chelnokova
- Gomel State Medical University, Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Lange Str., 5, 246000 Gomel, Belarus; Radiobiology Institute of NAS of Belarus, Fedyuninskogo Str., 4, 246007 Gomel, Belarus
| | - Nikolai I Yegorenkov
- Gomel State Medical University, Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Lange Str., 5, 246000 Gomel, Belarus
| | - Lyudmila I Volkova
- Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Brovki Str., 3, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Yuriy S Kharin
- Research Institute for Applied Problems of Mathematics and Informatics, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Ave., 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
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11
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Ruggeri FS, Marcott C, Dinarelli S, Longo G, Girasole M, Dietler G, Knowles TPJ. Identification of Oxidative Stress in Red Blood Cells with Nanoscale Chemical Resolution by Infrared Nanospectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2582. [PMID: 30200270 PMCID: PMC6163177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During their lifespan, Red blood cells (RBC), due to their inability to self-replicate, undergo an ageing degradation phenomenon. This pathway, both in vitro and in vivo, consists of a series of chemical and morphological modifications, which include deviation from the biconcave cellular shape, oxidative stress, membrane peroxidation, lipid content decrease and uncoupling of the membrane-skeleton from the lipid bilayer. Here, we use the capabilities of atomic force microscopy based infrared nanospectroscopy (AFM-IR) to study and correlate, with nanoscale resolution, the morphological and chemical modifications that occur during the natural degradation of RBCs at the subcellular level. By using the tip of an AFM to detect the photothermal expansion of RBCs, it is possible to obtain nearly two orders of magnitude higher spatial resolution IR spectra, and absorbance images than can be obtained on diffraction-limited commercial Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) microscopes. Using this approach, we demonstrate that we can identify localized sites of oxidative stress and membrane peroxidation on individual RBC, before the occurrence of neat morphological changes in the cellular shape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Curtis Marcott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
- Light Light Solutions, Athens, GA 30608, USA.
| | - Simone Dinarelli
- Institute of Structural Matter, ISM-CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Institute of Structural Matter, ISM-CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Girasole
- Institute of Structural Matter, ISM-CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Dietler
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB21EW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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12
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Dinarelli S, Longo G, Krumova S, Todinova S, Danailova A, Taneva SG, Lenzi E, Mussi V, Girasole M. Insights into the morphological pattern of erythrocytes' aging: Coupling quantitative AFM data to microcalorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. J Mol Recognit 2018; 31:e2732. [PMID: 29876977 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes (RBCs) constitute a very interesting class of cells both for their physiological function and for a variety of peculiarities. Due to their exceptionally strong relationship with the environment, the morphology and nanoscale characteristics of these cells can reveal their biochemical status and structural integrity. Among the possible subjects of investigations, the RBCs' ageing is of the utmost importance. This is a fundamental phenomenon that, in physiological conditions, triggers the cell turnover and ensures the blood homeostasis. With these premises, in recent years, we have presented an atomic force microscopy-based methodology to characterize the patterns of RBC ageing from the morphological point of view. In the present work, we used an ageing protocol more similar to the physiological conditions and we used differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy to probe the cross correlation between important structural and functional proteins. We also assessed the role played by fundamental structural and membrane proteins in the development of the most relevant morphological intermediates observed along the ageing. Furthermore, we coupled the morphological ageing patterns to the (bio)chemical alterations detected by Raman spectroscopy. This allowed identifying the chronology of the ageing morphologies and the metabolic pathways most involved in their development. As a whole, the present study provides the base to correlate specific molecular alterations to the development of structural anomalies, and these latter to the functional status of blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinarelli
- Institute for the Structure of Matter (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - G Longo
- Institute for the Structure of Matter (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - S Krumova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Danailova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S G Taneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - E Lenzi
- Physics Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V Mussi
- Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - M Girasole
- Institute for the Structure of Matter (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
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13
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Dinarelli S, Longo G, Dietler G, Francioso A, Mosca L, Pannitteri G, Boumis G, Bellelli A, Girasole M. Erythrocyte's aging in microgravity highlights how environmental stimuli shape metabolism and morphology. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5277. [PMID: 29588453 PMCID: PMC5869709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of the function of cells in zero-gravity conditions is a subject of interest in many different research fields. Due to their metabolic unicity, the characterization of the behaviour of erythrocytes maintained in prolonged microgravity conditions is of particular importance. Here, we used a 3D-clinostat to assess the microgravity-induced modifications of the structure and function of these cells, by investigating how they translate these peculiar mechanical stimuli into modifications, with potential clinical interest, of the biochemical pathways and the aging processes. We compared the erythrocyte's structural parameters and selected metabolic indicators that are characteristic of the aging in microgravity and standard static incubation conditions. The results suggest that, at first, human erythrocytes react to external stimuli by adapting their metabolic patterns and the rate of consumption of the cell resources. On longer timeframes, the cells translate even small differences in the environment mechanical solicitations into structural and morphologic features, leading to distinctive morphological patterns of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR, Via fosso del cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - G Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR, Via fosso del cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy.,LPMV-IPhys-EPFL, Route de la Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Dietler
- LPMV-IPhys-EPFL, Route de la Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Francioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Universita "Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - L Mosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Universita "Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - G Pannitteri
- Dipartimento di Scienze cardiovascolari, respiratorie, nefrologiche, anestesiologiche e geriatriche Università "Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - G Boumis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Universita "Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - A Bellelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Universita "Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - M Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR, Via fosso del cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy.
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14
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Kozlova E, Chernysh A, Manchenko E, Sergunova V, Moroz V. Nonlinear Biomechanical Characteristics of Deep Deformation of Native RBC Membranes in Normal State and under Modifier Action. SCANNING 2018; 2018:1810585. [PMID: 30581527 PMCID: PMC6276460 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1810585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of membranes of native human red blood cells (RBCs) to bend into the cell to a depth comparable in size with physiological deformations was evaluated. For this, the methods of atomic force microscopy and atomic force spectroscopy were used. Nonlinear patterns of deep deformation (up to 600 nm) of RBC membranes were studied in normal state and under the action of modifiers: fixator (glutaraldehyde), natural oxidant (hemin), and exogenous intoxicator (zinc ions), in vitro. The experimental dependences of membrane bending for control RBC (normal) were approximated by the Hertz model to a depth up to 600 nm. The glutaraldehyde fixator and modifiers increased the absolute value of Young's modulus of membranes and changed the experimental dependences of probe indentation into the cells. Up to some depth h Hz, the force curves were approximated by the Hertz model, and for deeper indentations h > h Hz, the degree of the polynomial function was changed, the membrane stiffness increased, and the pattern of indentation became another and did not obey the Hertz model. Quantitative characteristics of nonlinear experimental dependences were calculated for deep bending of RBC membranes by approximating them by the degree polynomial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kozlova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031, 25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Chernysh
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031, 25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Manchenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031, 25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria Sergunova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031, 25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Moroz
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031, 25 Petrovka Str., Build. 2, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Bustamante López SC, Meissner KE. Characterization of carrier erythrocytes for biosensing applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:91510. [PMID: 28384789 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.9.091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocyte abundance, mobility, and carrying capacity make them attractive as a platform for blood analyte sensing as well as for drug delivery. Sensor-loaded erythrocytes, dubbed erythrosensors, could be reinfused into the bloodstream, excited noninvasively through the skin, and used to provide measurement of analyte levels in the bloodstream. Several techniques to load erythrocytes, thus creating carrier erythrocytes, exist. However, their cellular characteristics remain largely unstudied. Changes in cellular characteristics lead to removal from the bloodstream. We hypothesize that erythrosensors need to maintain native erythrocytes’ (NEs) characteristics to serve as a long-term sensing platform. Here, we investigate two loading techniques and the properties of the resulting erythrosensors. For loading, hypotonic dilution requires a hypotonic solution while electroporation relies on electrical pulses to perforate the erythrocyte membrane. We analyze the resulting erythrosensor signal, size, morphology, and hemoglobin content. Although the resulting erythrosensors exhibit morphological changes, their size was comparable with NEs. The hypotonic dilution technique was found to load erythrosensors much more efficiently than electroporation, and the sensors were loaded throughout the volume of the erythrosensors. Finally, both techniques resulted in significant loss of hemoglobin. This study points to the need for continued development of loading techniques that better preserve NE characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Bustamante López
- Texas A&M University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Kenith E Meissner
- Texas A&M University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United StatesbSwansea University, Department of Physics, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
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16
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Kozlova E, Chernysh A, Moroz V, Sergunova V, Gudkova O, Manchenko E. Morphology, membrane nanostructure and stiffness for quality assessment of packed red blood cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7846. [PMID: 28798476 PMCID: PMC5552796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBC) to patients in critical states is often accompanied by post-transfusion complications. This may be related with disturbance of properties of PRBC and their membranes during long-term storage in the hemopreservative solution. The purpose of our work is the study of transformation of morphology, membranes stiffness and nanostructure for assessment of PRBC quality, in vitro. By atomic force microscopy we studied the transformation of cell morphology, the appearance of topological nanodefects of membranes and by atomic force spectroscopy studied the change of membrane stiffness during 40 days of storage of PRBC. It was shown that there is a transition period (20–26 days), in which we observed an increase in the Young’s modulus of the membranes 1.6–2 times and transition of cells into irreversible forms. This process was preceded by the appearance of topological nanodefects of membranes. These parameters can be used for quality assessment of PRBC and for improvement of transfusion rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kozlova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow StateMedical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - A Chernysh
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow StateMedical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V Moroz
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V Sergunova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O Gudkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E Manchenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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17
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Pandey G, Tharmavaram M, Rawtani D, Kumar S, Agrawal Y. Multifarious applications of atomic force microscopy in forensic science investigations. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 273:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Jiang YW, Gao G, Chen Z, Wu FG. Fluorescence studies on the interaction between chlorpromazine and model cell membranes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence quenching of membrane fluorophores and the fluorescence enhancement of chlorpromazine were simultaneously observed during chlorpromazine–lipid membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
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19
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Erythrocytes and their role as health indicator: Using structure in a patient-orientated precision medicine approach. Blood Rev 2016; 30:263-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Zhang S, Bai H, Yang P. Real-time monitoring of mechanical changes during dynamic adhesion of erythrocytes to endothelial cells by QCM-D. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:11449-51. [PMID: 26087999 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03264d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring is used to measure changes in mechanical properties of diabetic red blood cells (RBCs) and normal RBCs. Moreover, the adhesion interaction between these two kinds of RBCs and endothelial cells (ECs) is further investigated using a proposed QCM-D biosensor for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Membrane roughness as a sensitive parameter reflecting the status of neuronal cells in response to chemical and nanoparticle treatments. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:9. [PMID: 26821536 PMCID: PMC4731942 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell membranes exhibit abundant types of responses to external stimulations. Intuitively, membrane topography should be sensitive to changes of physical or chemical factors in the microenvironment. We employed the non-interferometric wide-field optical profilometry (NIWOP) technique to quantify the membrane roughness of living neuroblastoma cells under various treatments that could change the mechanical properties of the cells. RESULTS The membrane roughness was reduced as the neuroblastoma cell was treated with paclitaxel, which increases cellular stiffness by translocating microtubules toward the cell membranes. The treatment of positively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed a similar effect. In contrast, the negatively charged AuNPs did not cause significant changes of the membrane roughness. We also checked the membrane roughness of fixed cells by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confirmed that the membrane roughness could be regarded as a parameter reflecting cellular mechanical properties. Finally, we monitored the temporal variations of the membrane roughness under the treatment with a hypertonic solution (75 mM sucrose in the culture medium). The membrane roughness was increased within 1 h but returned to the original level after 2 h. CONCLUSIONS The results in the present study suggest that the optical measurement on membrane roughness can be regarded as a label-free method to monitor the changes in cell mechanical properties or binding properties of nanoparticles on cell surface. Because the cells were left untouched during the measurement, further tests about cell viability or drug efficacy can be done on the same specimen. Membrane roughness could thus provide a quick screening for new chemical or physical treatments on neuronal cells.
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22
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Nanoparticles of perfluorocarbon emulsion contribute to the reduction of methemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin. Int J Pharm 2015; 497:88-95. [PMID: 26626224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that methemoglobin is converted to oxyhemoglobin in the presence of perfluorocarbon (PFС) emulsion. Methemoglobin in blood at the level of above 30% can cause severe complications and lethal outcome. Some pharm chemicals in blood in vivo and in vitro can lead to oxidation of iron, Fe(2+)→Fe(3+), and to increased level of methemoglobin. The oxidized heme is not able to carry oxygen, hypoxia arises and irreversible changes are developing in vital organs. We added NaNO2 solution in different concentrations to blood in vitro in order to yield methemoglobin. Then the suspension of PFC nanoparticles was added. As methemoglobin interacted with PFC nanoparticles the optical density of peaks typical for oxyhemoglobin increased and spectral peak of methemoglobin decreased. The greater the concentration of PFC and the more was the incubation time, the more efficient was the process of reduction of methemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin. We proved experimentally that with an initial concentration of methemoglobin in average 95% the addition of nanoparticles of PFC decreases its concentration to 9% in average. At the same time the concentration of oxyhemoglobin increased in average from 5% to 81%.
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23
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Moroz VV, Chernysh AM, Kozlova EK, Sergunova VA, Gudkova OE, Khoroshilov SE, Onufrievich AD, Kostin AI. Disorders in the Morphology and Nanostructure of Erythrocyte Membranes after Long-term Storage of Erythrocyte Suspension: Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Kozlova Е, Chernysh А, Moroz V, Sergunova V, Gudkova О, Kuzovlev А. Nanodefects of membranes cause destruction of packed red blood cells during long-term storage. Exp Cell Res 2015; 337:192-201. [PMID: 26169694 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Packed red blood cells (PRBC) are used for blood transfusion. PRBC were stored for 30 days under 4 °С in hermetic blood bags with CPD anticoagulant-preservative solution. Hematocrit was 50-55%. The distortions of PRBC membranes nanostructure and cells morphology during storage were studied by atomic force microscopy. Basic measurements were performed at the day 2, 6, 9, 16, 23 and 30 of storage and additionally 2-3 days after it. Topological defects occurred on RBC membranes by day 9. They appeared as domains with grain-like structures ("grains") sized up to 200 nm. These domains were appeared in almost all cells. Later these domains merged and formed large defects on cells. It was the formation of domains with the "grains" which was onset process leading eventually to destruction of PRBC. Possible mechanisms of transformation of PRBC and their membrane are related to the alterations of spectrin cytoskeleton. During this storage period potassium ions and lactat concentrations increased, pH decreased, intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione diminished in the preservative solution. Changes of PRBC morphology were detected within the entire period of PRBC storage. Discocytes predominated at the days 1 and 2. By day 30 PRBC transformed into irreversible echinocytes and spheroechinocytes. Study of defects of membranes nanostructure may form the basis of assessing the quality of the stored PRBC. This method may allow to work out the best recommendations for blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Еlena Kozlova
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Аleksandr Chernysh
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor Moroz
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Sergunova
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Оlga Gudkova
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Аrtem Kuzovlev
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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25
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Mukherjee R, Saha M, Routray A, Chakraborty C. Nanoscale Surface Characterization of Human Erythrocytes by Atomic Force Microscopy: A Critical Review. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:625-33. [PMID: 25935044 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2424674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), the most common type of blood cells in humans are well known for their ability in transporting oxygen to the whole body through hemoglobin. Alterations in their membrane skeletal proteins modify shape and mechanical properties resulting in several diseases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), a new emerging technique allows non-invasive imaging of cell, its membrane and characterization of surface roughness at micrometer/nanometer resolution with minimal sample preparation. AFM imaging provides direct measurement of single cell morphology, its alteration and quantitative data on surface properties. Hence, AFM studies of human RBCs have picked up pace in the last decade. The aim of this paper is to review the various applications of AFM for characterization of human RBCs topology. AFM has been used for studying surface characteristics like nanostructure of membranes, cytoskeleton, microstructure, fluidity, vascular endothelium, etc., of human RBCs. Various modes of AFM imaging has been used to measure surface properties like stiffness, roughness, and elasticity. Topological alterations of erythrocytes in response to different pathological conditions have also been investigated by AFM. Thus, AFM-based studies and application of image processing techniques can effectively provide detailed insights about the morphology and membrane properties of human erythrocytes at nanoscale.
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26
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Pretorius E, Kell DB. Diagnostic morphology: biophysical indicators for iron-driven inflammatory diseases. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:486-510. [PMID: 24714688 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Most non-communicable diseases involve inflammatory changes in one or more vascular systems, and there is considerable evidence that unliganded iron plays major roles in this. Most studies concentrate on biochemical changes, but there are important biophysical correlates. Here we summarize recent microscopy-based observations to the effect that iron can have major effects on erythrocyte morphology, on erythrocyte deformability and on both fibrinogen polymerization and the consequent structure of the fibrin clots formed, each of which contributes significantly and negatively to such diseases. We highlight in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischemic thrombotic stroke, systemic lupus erythematosus, hereditary hemochromatosis and Alzheimer's disease, while recognizing that many other diseases have co-morbidities (and similar causes). Inflammatory biomarkers such as ferritin and fibrinogen are themselves inflammatory, creating a positive feedback that exacerbates disease progression. The biophysical correlates we describe may provide novel, inexpensive and useful biomarkers of the therapeutic benefits of successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa.
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27
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Zhang B, Liu B, Zhang H, Wang J. Erythrocyte stiffness during morphological remodeling induced by carbon ion radiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112624. [PMID: 25401336 PMCID: PMC4234377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effect induced by carbon ion radiation (CIR) is still an unavoidable hazard to the treatment object. Thus, evaluation of its adverse effects on the body is a critical problem with respect to radiation therapy. We aimed to investigate the change between the configuration and mechanical properties of erythrocytes induced by radiation and found differences in both the configuration and the mechanical properties with involving in morphological remodeling process. Syrian hamsters were subjected to whole-body irradiation with carbon ion beams (1, 2, 4, and 6 Gy) or X-rays (2, 4, 6, and 12 Gy) for 3, 14 and 28 days. Erythrocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow were collected for cytomorphological analysis. The mechanical properties of the erythrocytes were determined using atomic force microscopy, and the expression of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin-α1 was analyzed via western blotting. The results showed that dynamic changes were evident in erythrocytes exposed to different doses of carbon ion beams compared with X-rays and the control (0 Gy). The magnitude of impairment of the cell number and cellular morphology manifested the subtle variation according to the irradiation dose. In particular, the differences in the size, shape and mechanical properties of the erythrocytes were well exhibited. Furthermore, immunoblot data showed that the expression of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin-α1 was changed after irradiation, and there was a common pattern among its substantive characteristics in the irradiated group. Based on these findings, the present study concluded that CIR could induce a change in mechanical properties during morphological remodeling of erythrocytes. According to the unique characteristics of the biomechanical categories, we deduce that changes in cytomorphology and mechanical properties can be measured to evaluate the adverse effects generated by tumor radiotherapy. Additionally, for the first time, the current study provides a new strategy for enhancing the assessment of the curative effects and safety of clinical radiotherapy, as well as reducing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jizeng Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, 730000, PR China
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Kozlova E, Chernysh A, Moroz V, Gudkova O, Sergunova V, Kuzovlev A. Transformation of membrane nanosurface of red blood cells under hemin action. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6033. [PMID: 25112597 PMCID: PMC4129419 DOI: 10.1038/srep06033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemin is the product of hemoglobin oxidation. Some diseases may lead to a formation of hemin. The accumulation of hemin causes destruction of red blood cells (RBC) membranes. In this study the process of development of topological defects of RBC membranes within the size range from nanoscale to microscale levels is shown. The formation of the grain-like structures in the membrane (“grains”) with typical sizes of 120–200 nm was experimentally shown. The process of formation of “grains” was dependent on the hemin concentration and incubation time. The possible mechanism of membrane nanostructure alterations is proposed. The kinetic equations of formation and transformation of small and medium topological defects were analyzed. This research can be used to study the cell intoxication and analyze the action of various agents on RBC membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kozlova
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Chernysh
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor Moroz
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Gudkova
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Sergunova
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Artem Kuzovlev
- V.A. Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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29
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Pretorius E, Bester J, Vermeulen N, Lipinski B, Gericke GS, Kell DB. Profound morphological changes in the erythrocytes and fibrin networks of patients with hemochromatosis or with hyperferritinemia, and their normalization by iron chelators and other agents. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85271. [PMID: 24416376 PMCID: PMC3887013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that individuals with increased iron levels are more prone to thrombotic diseases, mainly due to the presence of unliganded iron, and thereby the increased production of hydroxyl radicals. It is also known that erythrocytes (RBCs) may play an important role during thrombotic events. Therefore the purpose of the current study was to assess whether RBCs had an altered morphology in individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), as well as some who displayed hyperferritinemia (HF). Using scanning electron microscopy, we also assessed means by which the RBC and fibrin morphology might be normalized. An important objective was to test the hypothesis that the altered RBC morphology was due to the presence of excess unliganded iron by removing it through chelation. Very striking differences were observed, in that the erythrocytes from HH and HF individuals were distorted and had a much greater axial ratio compared to that accompanying the discoid appearance seen in the normal samples. The response to thrombin, and the appearance of a platelet-rich plasma smear, were also markedly different. These differences could largely be reversed by the iron chelator desferal and to some degree by the iron chelator clioquinol, or by the free radical trapping agents salicylate or selenite (that may themselves also be iron chelators). These findings are consistent with the view that the aberrant morphology of the HH and HF erythrocytes is caused, at least in part, by unliganded (‘free’) iron, whether derived directly via raised ferritin levels or otherwise, and that lowering it or affecting the consequences of its action may be of therapeutic benefit. The findings also bear on the question of the extent to which accepting blood donations from HH individuals may be desirable or otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Natasha Vermeulen
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Boguslaw Lipinski
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Douglas B. Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Lancs, United Kingdom
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30
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Smoking and fluidity of erythrocyte membranes: A high resolution scanning electron and atomic force microscopy investigation. Nitric Oxide 2013; 35:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Buys AV, Van Rooy MJ, Soma P, Van Papendorp D, Lipinski B, Pretorius E. Changes in red blood cell membrane structure in type 2 diabetes: a scanning electron and atomic force microscopy study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:25. [PMID: 23356738 PMCID: PMC3599682 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are highly deformable and possess a robust membrane that can withstand shear force. Previous research showed that in diabetic patients, there is a changed RBC ultrastructure, where these cells are elongated and twist around spontaneously formed fibrin fibers. These changes may impact erythrocyte function. Ultrastructural analysis of RBCs in inflammatory and degenerative diseases can no longer be ignored and should form a fundamental research tool in clinical studies. Consequently, we investigated the membrane roughness and ultrastructural changes in type 2 diabetes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study membrane roughness and we correlate this with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare results of both the techniques with the RBCs of healthy individuals. We show that the combined AFM and SEM analyses of RBCs give valuable information about the disease status of patients with diabetes. Effectiveness of treatment regimes on the integrity, cell shape and roughness of RBCs may be tracked, as this cell’s health status is crucial to the overall wellness of the diabetic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette V Buys
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, ARCADIA, Pretoria, South Africa.
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