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Bagheri R, Karimi Z, Mousavi Z, Ziaee Bashirzad M, Camera DM, Sadeghi R, Dabbagh VR, Kargarfard M, Dutheil F. High-Protein Diets during either Resistance or Concurrent Training Have No Detrimental Effect on Bone Parameters in Resistance-Trained Males. Nutrients 2024; 16:325. [PMID: 38276563 PMCID: PMC10819948 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of combining resistance training (RT) and concurrent training (CT; resistance + endurance training) with varied protein doses on bone measures remain poorly understood. Hence, we conducted a comparison of the impacts of two high-protein diets (1.6 or 3.2 g kg-1 d-1) over 16 weeks in resistance-trained males, either with CT or RT alone. METHODS A total of forty-eight males, all of whom were resistance-trained, had the following demographics: 26.6 ± 6 years, body mass index: 25.6 ± 2.9 kg m-2 administered either 3.2 g kg-1 d-1 protein (CT2; n = 12; RT2; n = 12) or 1.6 g kg-1 d-1 protein (CT1; n = 12; RT1; n = 12) during 16 weeks (four sessions·w-1). Bone parameters were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS There was no significant interaction between the intervention group and time for the legs, arms, ribs, or pelvis area BMC and BMD (p > 0.05). For the BMD of the pelvis and the BMC of the right ribs, however, there were significant time effects noted (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between the intervention group and time in the lumbar and thoracic spines, with a particular time effect noted for the thoracic spine region (p < 0.05). The regional differences in skeletal responses to the intervention are highlighted by these data. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the intake of two high-protein diets combined with RT and CT during 16 weeks had no adverse effects on bone tissue parameters. While these findings indicate that protein intake between 2 and 3 times the current RDI does not promote bone demineralization when consumed in conjunction with exercise, future studies investigating the long-term effects of chronic high protein intake on bone tissue health are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Zohreh Karimi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Zeynabalsadat Mousavi
- Nutrition and Food Service, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran;
| | - Mahdi Ziaee Bashirzad
- Department of Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd Branch, Bojnourd 9417697796, Iran;
| | - Donny M. Camera
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Ramin Sadeghi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177949025, Iran; (R.S.); (V.R.D.)
| | - Vahid Reza Dabbagh
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177949025, Iran; (R.S.); (V.R.D.)
| | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Witty Fit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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LU YONGTAO, ZHAO WENYING, LI JUNYAN, WU CHENGWEI. EVALUATING THE THEORY OF BONE MECHANOREGULATION IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LOADING SCENARIO. J MECH MED BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519418500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the theory of bone mechanoregulation under physiological loading was evaluated. The entire right tibiae of wild type (WT, [Formula: see text]) and parathyroid hormone (PTH, [Formula: see text]) treated C57BL/6J female mice were scanned using an in vivo [Formula: see text]CT imaging system at 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 weeks. The PTH intervention started from week 18 until week 22. Subject-specific finite element (FE) models were created from the [Formula: see text]CT images and physiological loading condition was defined in the FE models. The rates of changes in bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone tissue density (TMD) were quantified over 40 anatomical compartments across the entire mouse tibia. The resulting values were then correlated to the average 1st principal tensile strain ([Formula: see text]) and the strain energy density (SED) for every compartment at weeks 18, 20, and 22. It was found that: in both groups, [Formula: see text] had a minimal effect on the variability of [Formula: see text]BMC ([Formula: see text]); SED had a significant effect on the variability of [Formula: see text]BMC only in the WT group ([Formula: see text]); [Formula: see text] had a significant effect on the variability of [Formula: see text]BMD only in the PTH group ([Formula: see text]); SED had a significant effect on the variability of [Formula: see text]BMD in both groups ([Formula: see text]); neither SED nor [Formula: see text] had a significant effect on the variability of [Formula: see text]TMD ([Formula: see text]). These results are the first to reveal the mechanism of bone mechanoregulation in the physiological loading scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- YONGTAO LU
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - WENYING ZHAO
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - JUNYAN LI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - CHENGWEI WU
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Middlesex University, London, UK
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Shimano RC, Yanagihara GR, Macedo AP, Yamanaka JS, Shimano AC, Tavares JMRS, Issa JPM. Effects of high-impact exercise on the physical properties of bones of ovariectomized rats fed to a high-protein diet. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1523-1531. [PMID: 29345841 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-impact physical exercise as a prophylactic and therapeutic means in osteopenic bones of rats submitted to ovariectomy and protein diet intake. A total of 64 Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 8 each), being: OVX, ovx, standard diet and sedentary; OVXE, ovx, standard diet and jump; OVXP, ovx, high-protein diet and sedentary; and OVXEP, ovx, high-protein diet and jump; SH, sham, standard diet and sedentary; SHE, sham, standard diet and jump; SHP, sham, high-protein diet and sedentary; and SHEP, sham, high-protein diet and jump. OVX surgery consists of ovariectomy, and sham was the control surgery. The jumping protocol consisted of 20 jumps/day, 5 days/week. The bone structure was evaluated by densitometry, mechanical tests, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. A high-protein diet resulted in increased bone mineral density (P = .049), but decreased maximal load (P = .026) and bone volume fraction (P = .023). The benefits of physical exercise were demonstrated by higher values of the maximal load in the trained groups compared to the sedentary groups (P < .001). The sham groups had decreased immunostaining of osteocalcin (P = .004) and osteopontin (P = .010) compared to ovx groups. However, the high-protein diet (P = .005) and jump exercise (P = .017) resulted in lower immunostaining of osteopontin compared to the standard diet and sedentary groups, respectively. In this experimental model, it was concluded that ovariectomy and a high-fat diet can negatively affect bone tissue and the high-impact exercise was not enough to suppress the deleterious effects caused by the protein diet and ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Shimano
- Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G R Yanagihara
- Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A P Macedo
- Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J S Yamanaka
- Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Shimano
- Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M R S Tavares
- Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J P M Issa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia Básica, Faculdade de odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Castoldi RC, Louzada MJQ, Oliveira BRSMD, Ozaki GAT, Koike TE, Garcia TA, Camargo RCT, Belangero WD, Camargo Filho JCS. Effects of aerobic, anaerobic, and concurrent training on bone mineral density of rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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