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Lai HC, Cheng JC, Yip HT, Jeng LB, Huang ST. Chinese herbal medicine decreases incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes mellitus patients with regular insulin management. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:716-731. [PMID: 38577471 PMCID: PMC10989382 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while insulin is a potent mitogen. Identifying a new therapeutic modality for preventing insulin users from developing HCC is a critical goal for researchers. AIM To investigate whether regular herbal medicine use can decrease HCC risk in DM patients with regular insulin control. METHODS We used data acquired from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance research database between 2000 and 2017. We identified patients with DM who were prescribed insulin for > 3 months. The herb user group was further defined as patients prescribed herbal medication for DM for > 3 months per annum during follow-up. We matched the herb users to nonusers at a 1:3 ratio according to age, sex, comorbidities and index year by propensity score matching. We analyzed HCC incidence, HCC survival rates, and the herbal prescriptions involved. RESULTS We initially enrolled 657144 DM patients with regular insulin use from 2000 to 2017. Among these, 46849 patients had used a herbal treatment for DM, and 140547 patients were included as the matched control group. The baseline variables were similar between the herb users and nonusers. DM patients with regular herb use had a 12% decreased risk of HCC compared with the control group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.80-0.97]. The cumulative incidence of HCC in the herb users was significantly lower than that of the nonusers. Patients with a herb use of > 5 years cumulatively exhibited a protective effect against development of HCC (aHR = 0.82, P < 0.05). Of patients who developed HCC, herb users exhibited a longer survival time than nonusers (aHR = 0.78, P = 0.0001). Additionally, we report the top 10 herbs and formulas in prescriptions and summarize the potential pharmacological effects of the constituents. Our analysis indicated that Astragalus propinquus (Huang Qi) plus Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Dan Shen), and Astragalus propinquus (Huang Qi) plus Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (Tian Hua Fen) were the most frequent combination of single herbs. Meanwhile, Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan plus Dan Shen was the most frequent combination of herbs and formulas. CONCLUSION This large-scale retrospective cohort study reveals that herbal medicine may decrease HCC risk by 12% in DM patients with regular insulin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chien Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Tung Yip
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Tian L, Gao R, Cai Y, Chen J, Dong H, Chen S, Yang Z, Wang Y, Huang L, Xu Z. A systematic review of ginsenoside biosynthesis, spatiotemporal distribution, and response to biotic and abiotic factors in American ginseng. Food Funct 2024; 15:2343-2365. [PMID: 38323507 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03434h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) has gained recognition as a medicinal and functional food homologous product with several pharmaceutical, nutritional, and industrial applications. However, the key regulators involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ginsenosides, and factors influencing ginsenosides are largely unknown, which make it challenging to enhance the quality and chemical extraction processes of the cultivated American ginseng. This review presents an overview of the pharmacological effects, biosynthesis and spatiotemporal distribution of ginsenosides, with emphasis on the impacts of biotic and abiotic factors on ginsenosides in American ginseng. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that American ginseng has neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antitumor, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity effects. Additionally, most genes involved in the upregulation of ginsenoside biosynthesis have been identified, while downstream regulators (OSCs, CYP450, and UGTs) require further investigation. Futhermore, limited knowledge exists regarding the molecular mechanisms of the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on ginsenosides. Notably, the nonmedicinal parts of American ginseng, particularly its flowers, fibrous roots, and leaves, exhibit higher ginsenoside content than its main roots and account for a considerable amount of weight in the whole plant, representing promising resources for ginsenosides. Herein, the prospects of molecular breeding and metabolic engineering based on multi-omics to improve the unstable quality of cultivated American ginseng and the shortage of ginsenosides are proposed. This review highlights the gaps in the current research on American ginseng and proposes solutions to address these limitations, providing a guide for future investigations into American ginseng ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ranran Gao
- The Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China
| | - Yuxiang Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Junxian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zaichang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhichao Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150006, China.
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang B, Zeng Y, Li J, Wang X, Hu C, Weng Z, Wang Z. Effect of curcumin on malignant hepatocytes and mitochondria studied using atomic force microscopy. Micron 2024; 177:103573. [PMID: 38043195 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are emerging as potential targets for the cancer treatment. In this study, the effects of curcumin on the activity, migration, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of malignant hepatocytes (SMMC-7721 cells) were determined using cell viability, migration, and MMP assays. Changes in the morphology and biomechanics of SMMC-7721 cells and their mitochondria were studied using both optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cell survival rate, migration and MMP depended on the concentration of curcumin. Optical microscopy studies showed that curcumin altered the cell morphology. AFM studies showed that the changes in the morphology and nanomechanics of SMMC-7721 cells and their mitochondria, were induced by curcumin. As the concentration of curcumin increased, the cell length, width, and adhesion decreased, but the height, roughness and Young's modulus increased. In contrast, the mitochondrial length, width, height and roughness increased, but the adhesion and Young's modulus decreased. There was a close relationship between mitochondria and cells in terms of function, morphology and biomechanics. This study shows the effects of curcumin on SMMC-7721 cells and their mitochondria from biology and biophysics perspectives. The findings aid in comprehensively understanding the interactions between mitochondria and malignant hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zhang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bowei Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiani Li
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Cuihua Hu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhankun Weng
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China.
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
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Mitra S, Sharma VK, Ghosh SK. Effects of ionic liquids on biomembranes: A review on recent biophysical studies. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 256:105336. [PMID: 37586678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been emerged as a versatile class of compounds that can be easily tuned to achieve desirable properties for various applications. The ability of ILs to interact with biomembranes has attracted significant interest, as they have been shown to modulate membrane properties in ways that may have implications for various biological processes. This review provides an overview of recent studies that have investigated the interaction between ILs and biomembranes. We discuss the effects of ILs on the physical and chemical properties of biomembranes, including changes in membrane fluidity, permeability, and stability. We also explore the mechanisms underlying the interaction of ILs with biomembranes, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Additionally, we discuss the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Mitra
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
| | - Veerendra K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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Zhang YT, Tian W, Lu YS, Li ZM, Ren DD, Zhang Y, Sha JY, Huo XH, Li SS, Sun YS. American ginseng with different processing methods ameliorate immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide in mice via the MAPK signaling pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085456. [PMID: 37153583 PMCID: PMC10160487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the effects of two processed forms of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice. In the CTX-induced immunosuppressive model, mice were given either steamed American ginseng (American ginseng red, AGR) or raw American ginseng (American ginseng soft branch, AGS) by intragastric administration. Serum and spleen tissues were collected, and the pathological changes in mice spleens were observed by conventional HE staining. The expression levels of cytokines were detected by ELISA, and the apoptosis of splenic cells was determined by western blotting. The results showed that AGR and AGS could relieve CTX-induced immunosuppression through the enhanced immune organ index, improved cell-mediated immune response, increased serum levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2) and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM), as well as macrophage activities including carbon clearance and phagocytic index. AGR and AGS downregulated the expression of BAX and elevated the expression of Bcl-2, p-P38, p-JNK, and p-ERK in the spleens of CTX-injected animals. Compared to AGS, AGR significantly improved the number of CD4+CD8-T lymphocytes, the spleen index, and serum levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. The expression of the ERK/MAPK pathway was markedly increased. These findings support the hypothesis that AGR and AGS are effective immunomodulatory agents capable of preventing immune system hypofunction. Future research may investigate the exact mechanism to rule out any unforeseen effects of AGR and AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Shun Lu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Man Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Duo-Duo Ren
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Yue Sha
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huo
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Institute of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Shan-Shan Li, ; Yin-Shi Sun,
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shan-Shan Li, ; Yin-Shi Sun,
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6
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Adami BS, Diz FM, Oliveira Gonçalves GP, Reghelin CK, Scherer M, Dutra AP, Papaléo RM, de Oliveira JR, Morrone FB, Wieck A, Xavier LL. Morphological and mechanical changes induced by quercetin in human T24 bladder cancer cells. Micron 2021; 151:103152. [PMID: 34607251 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid found in a great variety of foods such as vegetables and fruits. This compound has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of various types of cancer cells, as well as the growth of tumors in animal models. In the present study, we analyze morphological and mechanical changes produced by quercetin in T24 bladder cancer cells. Decreased cell viability and cell number were observed following quercetin treatment at 40 μM and 60 μM, respectively, as observed by the MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion test, supporting the hypothesis of quercetin anticancer effect. These assays also allowed us to determine the 40, 60, and 80 μM quercetin concentrations for the following analyses, Lactate Dehydrogenase assay (LDH); Nuclear Morphometric Analysis (NMA); and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The LDH assay showed no cytotoxic effect of quercetin on T24 cancer cells. The AFM showed morphological changes following quercetin treatment, namely decreased cell body, cytoplasmic retraction, and membrane condensation. Following quercetin treatment, the NMA evidenced an increased percentage of nuclei characteristic to the apoptotic and senescence processes. Cells also presented biophysical alterations consistent with cell death by apoptosis, as increased roughness and aggregation of membrane proteins, in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular elasticity, obtained through force curves, showed increased stiffness after quercetin treatment. Data presented herein demonstrate, for the first time, in a quantitative and qualitative form, the morphological and mechanical alterations induced by quercetin on bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silveira Adami
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mendonça Diz
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petry Oliveira Gonçalves
- Laboratório Central de Microscopia e Microanálise (LabCeMM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Camille Kirinus Reghelin
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Scherer
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Artur Pereira Dutra
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Meurer Papaléo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Nanociências e Micro-Nanotecnologia - NanoPUCRS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Andrea Wieck
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil; Laboratório Central de Microscopia e Microanálise (LabCeMM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90619-900, Brazil
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Wang S, Wang J, Ju T, Yang F, Qu K, Liu W, Wang Z. Study of NSCLC cell migration promoted by NSCLC-derived extracellular vesicle using atomic force microscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1455-1462. [PMID: 33666600 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cancer cells play a key role in the cancer microenvironment and progression. Previous studies have mainly focused on molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes using chemical and biological methods. However, whether the mechanical properties of cancer cells change due to EVs remains poorly understood. This work studies the effects of mechanical changes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells after treatment with EVs on migration by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Different concentrations of EVs were added into the experimental groups based on co-culture experiments, while the control group was cultured without EVs for 48 h. Cellular migration was evaluated by wound healing experiments. The cellular morphology, cell stiffness and surface adhesion were investigated by AFM. Cytoskeleton changes were detected by fluorescence staining assay. By comparison to the control group, the cell migration was enhanced. After treatment with EVs, the cell length and height show an upward trend, and the adhesion force and Young's modulus show a downward trend, and filopodia were also detected in the cells. Overall, the EVs promoted the migration of NSCLC cells by regulating cells' physical properties and skeletal rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Wu H, Wang MD, Liang L, Xing H, Zhang CW, Shen F, Huang DS, Yang T. Nanotechnology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Surveillance, Diagnosis to Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005236. [PMID: 33448111 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, the clinical diagnosis and treatment modalities are still relatively limited, which urgently require the development of new effective technologies. Recently, nanotechnology has gained extensive attention in HCC surveillance, imaging and pathological diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. Typically, nanomedicines have been focused on early HCC diagnosis and precise treatment of advanced HCC, which has developed and improved a variety of new technologies and agents for future clinical practice. Furthermore, strategies of facilitating drug release and delivery in current treatment processes such as ablation, systematic therapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, molecular targeted therapy, and immune-modulating therapy have also been studied widely. This review summarizes the recent advances in this area according to current clinical HCC guidelines: 1) Nanoparticle-based HCC surveillance; 2) Nanotechnology for HCC diagnosis; 3) Therapeutic advances for HCC Management; 4) Limitations of applications in nanotechnology for HCC; 5) Conclusions and perspectives. Although there are still many limitations and difficulties to overcome, the investigations of nanomedicines are believed to show potential applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ming-Da Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lei Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Tian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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Wang S, Ju T, Wang J, Yang F, Qu K, Liu W, Wang Z. Migration of BEAS-2B cells enhanced by H1299 cell derived-exosomes. Micron 2021; 143:103001. [PMID: 33508546 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that exosomes (Exos) secreted by tumor cells could affect the tumor cells themselves and normal cells. However, the effects of exosomes derived from tumor cells on normal cells' migration and mechanical characteristics are rarely reported. This work explores the effects of H1299 cell-derived exosomes (H1299-Exos) on the migration of BEAS-2B cells, and analyzes possible mechanical mechanisms. In the experiments, exosomes were isolated from the culture supernatants of H1299 cells by ultracentrifugation. The H1299-Exos were confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and western blotting (WB). The BEAS-2B cell migration was assessed using scratch assays. Cytoskeletal structure changes were detected by immunofluorescence. Surface morphology and mechanical properties were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). After incubation with H1299-Exos for 48 h, BEAS-2B cells enhanced migration ability, with increased filopodia and cytoskeletal rearrangements. The changes in the morphology and mechanical properties of the cells caused by H1299-Exos were detected using AFM, including the increase in cell length and the decrease in cell height, Young's modulus and adhesion. In short, H1299-Exos promoted the BEAS-2B cell migrations. It indicates that the morphological and mechanical properties can be used as a means to assess normal cell alterations induced by tumor cell derived-exosomes. This provides a method for studying the effects of exosomes secreted by tumor cells on normal cells and the changes in their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tuoyu Ju
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Fan Yang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Kaige Qu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China; JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK.
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10
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Yang L, Hou A, Zhang J, Wang S, Man W, Yu H, Zheng S, Wang X, Liu S, Jiang H. Panacis Quinquefolii Radix: A Review of the Botany, Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Industrial Applications Research Progress. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:602092. [PMID: 33381041 PMCID: PMC7768635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.602092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
On January 2, 2020, The National Health Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation listed Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQR) as a medicinal and food homologous product. PQR is the dry root of Panax quinquefolium L., which has the functions of replenishing qi and nourishing Yin, clearing heat and producing body fluid. It is often used for qi deficiency and Yin deficiency, heat exhaustion, asthma and phlegm, dry mouth and pharynx. PQR is sweet, slightly bitter and cool in nature, and enter the heart, lung and kidney meridian exerts the remedial and hygienical effect. At present, active components such as saponins, flavonoids, fatty acids, polyalkynes, volatile oils and other nutrients such as amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements have been isolated from PQR. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that PQR has the effects of hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, anti fatigue, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and so on. In addition, PQR is recognized as a health care product to strengthen the body and dispel diseases. It is not only the raw material of Traditional Chinese medicine preparations, but also the treasure of dietary therapy and herbal cuisine. This study not only reviewed the botany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of PQR, but also summarized its quality control, toxicity and industrial applications for the first time. This paper not only summarizes the development status of PQR, but also analyzes the shortcomings of the current research on PQR, and puts forward the corresponding solutions, in order to provide reference for future scholars to study PQR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Songtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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11
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Wu Y, Fang Y, Fan Z, Wang C, Liu C. An automated vertical drift correction algorithm for AFM images based on morphology prediction. Micron 2020; 140:102950. [PMID: 33096453 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) has become a powerful tool in many fields. However, environmental noise and other disturbances are very likely to cause the AFM probe to vibrate, which lead to vertical drift in AFM imaging and limit its further application. Therefore, to correct image distortion caused by vertical drift, a morphology prediction based image correction algorithm is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a Gaussian-Hann filter is first designed for distorted AFM images, based on which, an adaptive image binarization algorithm is developed to achieve accurate object detection and background extraction. Furthermore, an advanced morphology prediction algorithm, consisting of morphological approximation prediction and morphological detail prediction, is proposed to correct image distortion by using the extracted substrate of a sample image. Approximate morphology is generated by an improved weighted fusion autoregressive model, and morphological detail is obtained by energy analysis based on discrete wavelet transform. Experimental and application results are presented to illustrate that the proposed algorithm is able to effectively eliminate vertical drift of AFM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wu
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongchun Fang
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhi Fan
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cunhuan Liu
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Kochan E, Nowak A, Zakłos-Szyda M, Szczuka D, Szymańska G, Motyl I. Panax quinquefolium L. Ginsenosides from Hairy Root Cultures and Their Clones Exert Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Activity towards Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2. Molecules 2020; 25:E2262. [PMID: 32403328 PMCID: PMC7249024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
American ginseng, Panax quinquefolium (L.), is traditionally used in folk medicine. It exhibits a range of anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Its main components are ginsenosides, also known as panaxosides or triterpene saponins. In order to obtain high yields of ginsenosides, different methods of controlled production are involved, i.e., with hairy root cultures. However, they are still employed under in vitro conditions. Our studies revealed that hairy root cultures subjected to an elicitation process can be considered as a potent source of ginsenosides. The present study examines the biological activity of ginseng hairy root cultures against the Caco-2 human adenocarcinoma cell line. Among our six different clones of P. quinquefolium hairy roots, extracts B and Be (treated with elicitor) were the strongest inhibitors of the cellular metabolic activity. While all extracts induced DNA damage, B and Be also generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner, which was correlated with the depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of apoptosis. These findings indicate that further research concerning P. quinquefolium hairy root cultures should focus on the activity of rare ginsenosides and other biologically active compound profiles (i.e., phenolic compounds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kochan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (D.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Daria Szczuka
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (D.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Grażyna Szymańska
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ilona Motyl
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (D.S.); (I.M.)
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13
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Hoffman RD, Li CY, He K, Wu X, He BC, He TC, Gao JL. Chinese Herbal Medicine and Its Regulatory Effects on Tumor Related T Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 32372963 PMCID: PMC7186375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine is an accepted and integral part of clinical cancer management alongside Western medicine in China. However, historically TCM physicians were unaware of the chemical constituents of their formulations, and the specific biological targets in the body. Through HPLC, flow cytometry, and other processes, researchers now have a much clearer picture of how herbal medicine works in conjunction with the immune system in cancer therapy. Among them, the regulation of tumor-related T cells plays the most important role in modulating tumor immunity by traditional Chinese medicine. Encouraging results have been well-documented, including an increase in T cell production along with their associated cytokines, enhanced regulation of Tregs and important T cell ratios, the formation and function of Tregs in tumor microenvironments, and the promotion of the number and function of normal T Cells to reduce conventional cancer therapy side effects. Chinese herbal medicine represents a rich field of research from which to draw further inspiration for future studies. While promising agents have already been identified, the vast majority of Chinese herbal mechanisms remain undiscovered. In this review, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of specific Chinese herbs and herbal decoctions on tumor related T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hoffman
- International Education College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,DAOM Department, Five Branches University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Chang-Yu Li
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Szczuka D, Nowak A, Zakłos-Szyda M, Kochan E, Szymańska G, Motyl I, Blasiak J. American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolium L.) as a Source of Bioactive Phytochemicals with Pro-Health Properties. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1041. [PMID: 31075951 PMCID: PMC6567205 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax quinquefolium L. (American Ginseng, AG) is an herb characteristic for regions of North America and Asia. Due to its beneficial properties it has been extensively investigated for decades. Nowadays, it is one of the most commonly applied medical herbs worldwide. Active compounds of AG are ginsenosides, saponins of the glycosides group that are abundant in roots, leaves, stem, and fruits of the plant. Ginsenosides are suggested to be primarily responsible for health-beneficial effects of AG. AG acts on the nervous system; it was reported to improve the cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, display anxiolytic activity, and neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage resulting from ischemic stroke in animals, demonstrate anxiolytic activity, and induce neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage in ischemic stroke in animals. Administration of AG leads to inhibition of hypertrophy in heart failure by regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mice as well as depletion of cardiac contractile function in rats. It also has an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential as it increases insulin sensitivity and inhibits formation of adipose tissue. AG displays anti-cancer effect by induction of apoptosis of cancer cells and reducing local inflammation. It exerts antimicrobial effects against several pathogenic strains of bacteria. Therefore, AG presents a high potential to induce beneficial health effects in humans and should be further explored to formulate precise nutritional recommendations, as well as to assess its value in prevention and therapy of some disorders, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Szczuka
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kochan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Szymańska
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ilona Motyl
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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15
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Kulkarni T, Tam A, Mukhopadhyay D, Bhattacharya S. AFM study: Cell cycle and probe geometry influences nanomechanical characterization of Panc1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:802-812. [PMID: 30763604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscope (AFM) is emerging as an immensely promising tool to study the cellular morphology with a nanometer scale resolution and to analyze nanomechanical properties (NPs) at various physiological conditions. Advancement of AFM technology enables studying living cells and differentiating cancer cell from normal cells based on topography and NPs. Though the trend overlaps from different literature; numerical values of nanomechanical readouts depict variations over a wide range. These anomalies are associated with the experimental setup under study. In this manuscript, we have identified heterogeneity in cell culture system in addition to the selection of AFM probe with specific tip geometry as the major contributors to the above mentioned anomalies. To test our hypothesis, we have used Panc1 cells, which is a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell type. Our results suggest that the cellular morphology, membrane roughness and NPs calculated from AFM study are distinctly influenced by cell cycle. Furthermore, we found that the NPs readout is also significantly associated with AFM tip geometries. The cells were found to be softer in their early resting phase when indented with pyramidal probe and became increasingly stiffer as they progressed through the cell cycles. On the contrary, when indented with the spherical probe, cells in G0/G1 phase were observed to be the stiffest. Such an exhaustive study of the role of cell cycle in influencing the NPs in Panc1 cell line along with the impact of tip geometry on NPs is the first of its kind, to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Alex Tam
- Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Pathology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Pathology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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16
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Bonesi M, Brindisi M, Armentano B, Curcio R, Sicari V, Loizzo MR, Cappello MS, Bedini G, Peruzzi L, Tundis R. Exploring the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties of Santolina corsica Jord. & Fourr. (Asteraceae). Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:967-978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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17
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Galluzzi M, Schulte C, Milani P, Podestà A. Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Affect Morphology and Rigidity of Living Cells: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12452-12462. [PMID: 30213187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of the toxicity, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability of room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) is still in its infancy. Understanding the impact of ILs on living organisms, especially from the aquatic ecosystem, is urgent, since large amounts of these substances are starting to be employed as solvents in industrial chemical processes, and on the other side, evidence of toxic effects of ILs on microorganisms and single cells have been observed. To date, the toxicity of ILs has been investigated by means of macroscopic assays aimed at characterizing the effective concentrations (like the EC50) that cause the death of a significant fraction of the population of microorganisms and cells. These studies allow us to identify the cell membrane as the first target of the IL interaction, whose effectiveness was correlated to the lipophilicity of the cation, i.e., to the length of the lateral alkyl chain. Our study aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interaction of ILs with living cells. To this purpose, we carried out a combined topographic and mechanical analysis by atomic force microscopy of living breast metastatic cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) upon interaction with imidazolium-based ILs. We showed that ILs are able to induce modifications of the overall rigidity (effective Young's modulus) and morphology of the cells. Our results demonstrate that ILs act on the physical properties of the outer cell layer (the membrane linked to the actin cytoskeleton), already at concentrations below the EC50. These potentially toxic effects are stronger at higher IL concentrations, as well as with longer lateral chains in the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , Guangdong , China
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Carsten Schulte
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- C.I.Ma.I.Na and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 16 , 20133 Milano , Italy
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18
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Wang Y, Lu T, Li X, Wang H. Automated image segmentation-assisted flattening of atomic force microscopy images. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:975-985. [PMID: 29719750 PMCID: PMC5905267 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images normally exhibit various artifacts. As a result, image flattening is required prior to image analysis. To obtain optimized flattening results, foreground features are generally manually excluded using rectangular masks in image flattening, which is time consuming and inaccurate. In this study, a two-step scheme was proposed to achieve optimized image flattening in an automated manner. In the first step, the convex and concave features in the foreground were automatically segmented with accurate boundary detection. The extracted foreground features were taken as exclusion masks. In the second step, data points in the background were fitted as polynomial curves/surfaces, which were then subtracted from raw images to get the flattened images. Moreover, sliding-window-based polynomial fitting was proposed to process images with complex background trends. The working principle of the two-step image flattening scheme were presented, followed by the investigation of the influence of a sliding-window size and polynomial fitting direction on the flattened images. Additionally, the role of image flattening on the morphological characterization and segmentation of AFM images were verified with the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Tongda Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolai Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, 2041 College Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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