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Elsharkawy NB, Alruwaili MM, Mohamed Elsayed Ramadan O, Alruwaili AN, Ouda MMA, Oraby FA, Mansy AMA, Abdelaziz EM. Prevalence and determinants of fear of childbirth among pregnant women in Egypt: A cross-sectional study. Midwifery 2024; 136:104088. [PMID: 38968683 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2024.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEM Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a significant public health concern, and understanding its determinants is crucial for developing effective interventions to support women during pregnancy and childbirth. BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth (FOC) is increasingly recognized as an essential psychological health concern among pregnant women globally. However, research elucidating the prevalence and multifaceted determinants of FOC in the Egyptian context remains scarce. This knowledge is pivotal to informing maternal health practices. AIM This study aimed to investigate FOC prevalence and its determinants among pregnant women in Egypt. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 low-risk pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt, from February 2023 to July 2023. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on sociodemographic and obstetric profiles, the Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire, the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS The prevalence of FOC ranged from mild to severe, with 70.4% of women displaying some degree of fear and 11.3% exhibiting severe FOC. Key determinants associated with greater FOC were younger age, nulliparity, unplanned pregnancy, negative previous birth experiences, and preference for cesarean delivery. An inverse relationship was found between FOC and childbirth self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a high FOC prevalence among Egyptian pregnant women, necessitating the need for systematic screening and tailored interventions to mitigate this concern, especially among high-risk groups like young, nulliparous mothers. Fostering childbirth self-efficacy may aid in reducing FOC. These findings can inform the enhancement of holistic maternal health practices in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bassuoni Elsharkawy
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, AL-Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; Department of Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Majed Mowanes Alruwaili
- Department of Nursing Administration and Education, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, AL-Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Mohamed Elsayed Ramadan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, AL-Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer Nuwayfi Alruwaili
- Department of Nursing Administration and Education, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, AL-Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Mohamed Ahmed Ouda
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, AL-Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Ali Oraby
- Department of Maternal and Newborn Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October city, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Azza Medhat Aziz Mansy
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22516, Egypt
| | - Enas Mahrous Abdelaziz
- Department of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, AL-Jouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Bilgin NC, Coskun H, Tunc GC, Boyuk M, Deger HS. Predictive Power of Self-Efficacy on the Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women: Underlying Mechanisms of Social Support as a Mediator and the COVID-19 Fear as a Moderator. Niger J Clin Pract 2024; 27:330-337. [PMID: 38528353 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_471_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a common problem associated with psycho-social factors in pregnant women. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the mediator of social support and the moderator role of fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 422 pregnant women registered in 18 family health centers. Data were collected with the introductory information form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire-A, the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Fear of COVID19 Scale. The SPSS 22 package program and Hayes's process macro 3.2 were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS Findings showed that 19.9% of the pregnant women experienced severe FOC. Self-efficacy and social support negatively predicted FOC, while fear of COVID-19 predicted it positively. Perceived social support moderately mediated the relationship between FOC and self-efficacy. Fear of COVID-19 was found to be a marginally effective moderator in the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC. This indicates that as self-efficacy increases in pregnant women with low fear of COVID-19, the FOC is experienced less. CONCLUSION In the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC, social support is a key factor in reducing FOC. To reduce the FOC, the social support of pregnant women should be strengthened, and the fear associated with acute crisis periods such as pandemics should be reduced with some preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Citak Bilgin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - H Coskun
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - G Citak Tunc
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - M Boyuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - H S Deger
- Department of Nursing, Yeniçağa District State Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
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Simon T, Fikadu K, Afework B, Alemu H, Kussia B. Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pregnancy 2024; 2024:6478172. [PMID: 38390034 PMCID: PMC10883742 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6478172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childbirth self-efficacy is a pregnant women's perception of their ability to cope with labor stress. Low childbirth self-efficacy is linked to pain intolerance and poor labor progression, which increase the possibility of operative delivery. However, Ethiopia has limited data. So, the aim of this study was to assess childbirth self-efficacy and its factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia, in 2023. Objective To assess childbirth self-efficacy and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 416 women from January 1 to January 30, 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was employed. Data were collected by KoboToolbox through face-to-face interviews using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Modified short-form childbirth self-efficacy inventory was used to score self-efficacy. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 27, was used for data management and analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable, and a logistic model was used. Statistical significance was determined at a p value of less than 0.05 and 95% confidence level. Results A total of 416 pregnant women participated in the study. Two hundred twenty-eight (54.8%) of the pregnant women had low childbirth self-efficacy. Age group in ≤24 years (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.82-8), primigravida (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.86), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.02-2.70), poor social support (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.09-4.30), having anxiety (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10-3.64), having poor knowledge of childbirth (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 2.09-5.39), and severe fear of childbirth (AOR = 6.40, 95% CI: 2.60-9.80) were statistically significant with low childbirth self-efficacy. Conclusions The magnitude of low childbirth self-efficacy was high in the study area. Being primigravida, unplanned pregnancy, age ≤ 24 years, severe fear of childbirth, anxiety, poor social support, and poor knowledge were significantly associated with low childbirth self-efficacy. Therefore, giving special attention to these factors during antenatal care would be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfahun Simon
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Fikadu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Bezawit Afework
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Alemu
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Begetayinoral Kussia
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Donyaei-Mobarrez Y, Rezasoltani P, Rafat F, Kazemnejad Leyli E. Evaluation of childbirth self-efficacy and associated factors among pregnant women. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:330. [PMID: 38023076 PMCID: PMC10671010 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1770_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing the rate of Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD) and reducing elective cesarean section is one of the important concerns, especially in Iran. Childbirth self-efficacy can play an important role in managing the fear of childbirth and increasing the rate of NVD. The aim of this study was to determine demographic, fertility, and social factors related to childbirth self-efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was a single-group, single-stage, multivariate, cross-sectional study that assessed childbirth self-efficacy and associated factors in 358 eligible pregnant women with gestational age of 37 weeks and over in Guilan (North Iranian province) from November 2018 to July 2019. Data collection was performed based on consecutive sampling method from the pregnant women referring to the prenatal clinic. Data collection tools included a demographic and reproductive characteristics questionnaire; Lowe's childbirth self-efficacy Inventory and Zimet's perceived social support multidimensional questionnaire. RESULTS There was a significant relationship between the educational level of pregnant women and Outcome Expectancy (OE) and Self-efficacy Expectancy (EE) and also between the spousal level of education and OE (P < 0.05). Parity, previous experience of birth, participation in pregnancy preparation classes, access to information sources about childbirth, and birth preference were significantly related to OE and EE (P < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the two domains of perceived social support, spouse and friends, and the OE and EE (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that birth preference was a predictor for OE and EE, while a pregnant woman's education level and perceived social support in the domain of significant others were predictors for OE. Spousal age, mean family income, and participation in the prenatal preparation classes were predictors for EE. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the importance of self-efficacy in childbirth in encouraging pregnant women to perform NVD, pregnancy and childbirth preparation classes with an emphasis on concepts including self-efficacy of childbirth should be focused by midwives and other health-care workers in order to improve pregnant women's knowledge regarding the benefits of NVD and to strengthen their belief in the benefits of pain-compatible actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Donyaei-Mobarrez
- Department of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Rezasoltani
- Department of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafat
- Department of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kazemnejad Leyli
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Gemeda Gudeta T, Benti Terefe A, Muhamed AN, Mengistu GT, Abebe Sori S. Perceived Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in South-Central Ethiopia. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:1431-1442. [PMID: 37719783 PMCID: PMC10505019 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s423784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childbirth self-efficacy has been identified as a significant indicator of a positive childbirth experience. It is, however, the most neglected aspect of maternal care, and evidence in this regard was lacking in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess perceived childbirth self-efficacy and its associated factors among pregnant women in the Gurage zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods The current study was conducted from April to May 2022 using a facility-based cross-sectional study design. We used a systematic sampling technique and selected a total of 423 women. To collect the data, we utilized an interviewer-administered questionnaire containing a childbirth self-efficacy inventory scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to discover the factors influencing a woman's self-efficacy during childbirth. Results The current study included 423 pregnant women in total. This study revealed that the overall mean score for perceived childbirth self-efficacy was 489.06 (SD = 65.77). Social support (β = 0.214, P< 0.001), psychological well-being (β = 0.254, P< 0.001), education status at the secondary level (β = 0.151, P< 0.001), no fundal pressure (β = 0.11, P = 0.010), and planned pregnancy (β = 0.10, P =0.013) were positively associated with childbirth self-efficacy. Fear of childbirth (β = 0.19, P< 0.001), Primipara women (β = 0.14, P< 0.001), women who had experienced discomfort during vaginal examination (β = 0.10, P = 0.009), and women who experienced the inability to push (β = 0.10, P = 0.013) were negatively associated with childbirth self-efficacy. Conclusion The overall mean score for the perceived childbirth self-efficacy was high when compared to the previous studies conducted in Australia. Healthcare professionals should create multifaceted strategies to support childbirth self-efficacy, such as relaxation techniques, prenatal psycho-education to reduce childbirth fear, enhance psychological well-being and encourage social support, particularly partner support during pregnancy and childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolesa Gemeda Gudeta
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Ayana Benti Terefe
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Nuru Muhamed
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Teferi Mengistu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Seboka Abebe Sori
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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Zhang T, Liu M, Min F, Wei W, Liu Y, Tong J, Meng Q, Sun L, Chen X. Fear of childbirth and its determinants in pregnant women in the third trimester: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:574. [PMID: 37553654 PMCID: PMC10408108 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a prevalent issue among pregnant women and significantly relates to adverse outcomes for the mother and child. However, it is not clear the prevalence and risk factors of FOC among pregnant women in a region with a moderate level of economic development in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of FOC among pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy in Lianyungang city, Eastern China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 among pregnant women in the third trimester who met the inclusion criteria and visited Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. A structured questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, FOC, family function, doctor-patient communication, social support, general self-efficacy, anxiety, depression, insomnia symptoms, and quality of life was used to collect data. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify predictors of FOC. RESULTS This study included 535 pregnant women in the third trimester. The mean score of FOC was 30.67 ± 10.18, and the median score was 29.00. The prevalence of FOC was 56.64%. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that pregnant women with electronic screen exposure time more than 5 h per day (β = 2.02, 95%CI: 0.50-3.53, P < 0.05), no history of cesarean section (β = 2.66, 95%CI: 0.61-4.71, P < 0.05), likes sour food or hates greasy food (β = 1.75, 95%CI: 0.00-3.50, P < 0.05), anxiety (β = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.21-0.80, P < 0.05) and depression (β = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.04-0.57, P < 0.05) were more likely to have a greater level of FOC than their counterparts. However, a significantly lower level of FOC was observed in pregnant women who were multipara (β=-1.64, 95%CI: -3.27-0.01, P < 0.05), not worrying about delivery without family members (β=-3.75, 95%CI: -5.26-2.25, P < 0.001), had good family function (β=-0.32, 95%CI: -0.64-0.00, P < 0.05) and doctor-patient communication (β=-0.33, 95%CI: -0.64-0.02, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of FOC was high in Lianyungang city, Eastern China. FOC is influenced by multiple factors. There is an urgent need to develop interventions to reduce the prevalence of FOC in the third trimester of pregnancy, and to pay attention to pregnant women with risk factors for FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fanli Min
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qian Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lizhou Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 669 Qindongmen Street, Haizhou District, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Bostan FS, Kabukcuoğlu K. Factors relating to childbirth self efficacy among pregnant women: a CHAID analysis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2805-2812. [PMID: 35959843 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2109412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Childbirth self-efficacy is a useful measure for determining a woman's confidence in managing childbirth and for determining any preconceptions that require reinforcement. Childbirth self-efficacy is also particularly helpful in advising not only how to cope with birth, but also maternal well-being and fostering the improvement of a wide variety of perinatal outcomes. The present study aims to determine the factors affecting childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant women. The sample size consisted of 380 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45. Data were collected via face to face interviews using the Childbirth Self Efficacy Scale Short Form (CBSEI-32) in the Akdeniz University Hospital between November 2019 and February 2020 and used Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector analyses, resulting in a mean CBSEI-32 score of 244.279 ± 45.121. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that income status affects self-efficacy, and personal experiences such as foetal loss affect a woman's childbirth self-efficacy. In addition, it was also found that the level of prenatal education affected childbirth self-efficacy. Health professionals should assess pregnant women during the antenatal period in terms of their childbirth self efficacy and prepare personalised training programs and plan initiatives to increase perceptions of self-efficacy.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Childbirth self-efficacy is one of the important psychological parameters to determine a woman's belief in her confidence in managing childbirth and to measure women's perceptions of her need for reinforcement.What do the results of this study add? Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of women affect their childbirth self-efficacy perception positively and negatively. Women's birth self-efficacy can be improved positively with prenatal education. In addition, it is one of the interesting findings of the study that the self-efficacy level of women who had a previous low experience was high.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Women's childbirth self efficacy can be improved with trainings and appropriate nursing interventions. For this reason, it is important to determine the factors affecting the self-efficacy perception of women. In future studies, the childbirth self-efficacy perceptions of women in different samples (risky pregnancy, disabled pregnant, etc.) should be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamile Kabukcuoğlu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Bień A, Rzońca E, Grzesik-Gąsior J, Pieczykolan A, Humeniuk E, Michalak M, Iwanowicz-Palus G, Wdowiak A. Determinants of Psychosocial Resilience Resources in Obese Pregnant Women with Threatened Preterm Labor-A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010590. [PMID: 34682337 PMCID: PMC8535596 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the level of such psychosocial resilience resources as self-efficacy, dispositional optimism, and health locus of control in pregnant women with obesity with threatened premature labor. Methods: The study was performed in the years 2017-2020 in a group of 328 pregnant women hospitalized due to threatened preterm labor and diagnosed with obesity before the pregnancy. The following instruments were applied: the Life Orientation Test, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. Results: Obese pregnant women with threatened premature labor have a moderate level of generalized self-efficacy (28.02) and a moderate level of dispositional optimism (16.20). Out of the three health locus of control dimensions, the highest scores were recorded in the "internal control" subscale (26.08). Statistically significant predictors for the self-efficacy variable model included: satisfactory socio-economic standing (ß = 0.156; p = 0.004), being nulliparous (ß = -0.191; p = 0.002), and the absence of comorbidities (ß = -0.145; p = 0.008). Higher levels of dispositional optimism were found in women who were married (ß = 0.381; p = 0.000), reported a satisfactory socio-economic standing (ß = 0.137; p = 0.005), were between 23 and 27 weeks pregnant (ß = -0.231; p = 0.000), and had no comorbidities (ß = -0.129; p = 0.009). Conclusions: Generalized self-efficacy in obese women with threatened preterm labor is associated with satisfactory socio-economic standing, being nulliparous, and the absence of chronic disease. Dispositional optimism in obese pregnant women with threatened preterm labor is determined by their marital status, socio-economic standing, gestational age, and the absence of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bień
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4-6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (G.I.-P.)
| | - Ewa Rzońca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Didactics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Grzesik-Gąsior
- Department of Midwifery, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 6 Kazimierza Wielkiego St., 38-400 Krosno, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Pieczykolan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Students’ Scientific Association at the Chair of Obstetrics Development, Medical University of Lublin, 4-6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Humeniuk
- Chair and Department of Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Michalak
- Department of Gynecology, Independent Public Teaching Hospital No. 4 in Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego St., 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Iwanowicz-Palus
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4-6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (G.I.-P.)
| | - Artur Wdowiak
- Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4-6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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Shakarami A, Mirghafourvand M, Abdolalipour S, Jafarabadi MA, Iravani M. Comparison of fear, anxiety and self-efficacy of childbirth among primiparous and multiparous women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:642. [PMID: 34548055 PMCID: PMC8456545 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare fear of childbirth, state and trait anxiety, and childbirth self-efficacy among primiparous and multiparous women in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 pregnant women (100 primiparous and 100 multiparous women) who had been admitted to the maternity ward of hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. The instruments used for data collection in this study included a demographic questionnaire, Delivery Fear Scale (DFS), Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI). The data were analyzed by chi-square test and independent t-test. Also, the univariate general linear model was used by adjusting for the socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics that were considered as possible confounding variables. Results The mean score of DFS in primiparous women was significantly higher than that of multiparous women. The mean of the overall score of childbirth self-efficacy of primiparous women was significantly lower than that of multiparous women. The mean score of the outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies was significantly lower in primiparous women compared with multiparous women. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean score of STAI. After adjusting for possible confounding variables, the differences between the two groups in terms of fear of childbirth scores, overall childbirth self-efficacy score and self-efficacy expectancies remained significant. Conclusion Given the high fear of childbirth and low childbirth self-efficacy in primiparous women compared to the multiparous women, appropriate interventions should be adopted by health care providers in order to reduce fear and improve childbirth self-efficacy in primiparous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aazam Shakarami
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somyieh Abdolalipour
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Center for the development of Interdisciplinary Research in Islamic Sciences and Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Iravani
- Midwifery Department, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Miranda AR, Scotta AV, Cortez MV, Soria EA. Triggering of postpartum depression and insomnia with cognitive impairment in Argentinian women during the pandemic COVID-19 social isolation in relation to reproductive and health factors. Midwifery 2021; 102:103072. [PMID: 34218023 PMCID: PMC8437687 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) required strict confinement measures that differentially impacted the individual's daily life. Thus, this work aimed to study postpartum women's mental health in Argentina during mandatory social isolation. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2020, which included five validated questionnaires to assess postpartum depression (Postpartum Depression Screening Scale‐Short Form), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), memory complaints (Memory Complaint Scale), metacognition (Brief Metamemory and Metaconcentration Scale), and breastfeeding self-efficacy (Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form). Sociodemographic variables, social isolation characteristics, and breastfeeding practices were also collected. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Statistical analysis included zero-order correlations, multiple logistic regressions, and a set of structural equation models (SEM) to test direct and indirect effects. Goodness-of-fit indices were calculated for SEM. Setting Postpartum women were recruited from public hospitals, private health clinics, and online community recruitment in the Cordoba province (Argentina). Participants 305 postpartum women from Argentina. Measurements and findings 37% of women reported postpartum depression, 46% insomnia, 42% memory impairment, 60% low metaconcentration, 50% low metamemory, and 23% low breastfeeding efficacy. Also, significant associations were found demonstrating that social isolation promoted postpartum depression and insomnia were reciprocally related, which compromised female cognition and efficacy. This situation was aggravated in women during late postpartum, with previous children, and by low social support (e.g., family, health professionals), with non-exclusive breastfeeding being increased. Key conclusions This is the first study addressing postpartum women's mental status during social isolation in Argentina, which was a promoting factor for postpartum depression and insomnia that were reciprocally related. This situation was also aggravated by reproductive factors, such as late postpartum, multiparity, breastfeeding frequency, and non-exclusive breastfeeding. Additionally, breastfeeding self-efficacy depended on mental health status, and euthymia therefore favoured the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Ramiro Miranda
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, INICSA. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Veronica Scotta
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, INICSA. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela Valentina Cortez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Fonoaudiología. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, INICSA. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elio Andrés Soria
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, INICSA. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Instituto de Biología Celular. Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
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11
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Miranda AR, Scotta AV, Méndez AL, Serra SV, Soria EA. Public Sector Workers' Mental Health in Argentina: Comparative Psychometrics of the Perceived Stress Scale. J Prev Med Public Health 2020; 53:429-438. [PMID: 33296583 PMCID: PMC7733755 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given that Argentinian public-sector workers are highly exposed to stressful conditions, and that the psychometric properties of the widely used Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) should be evaluated in different settings, this work aimed to compare the psychometric properties of the Latin American Spanish PSS-10 and PSS-4 and to identify the optimal scale for stress assessment. METHODS A sample of 535 participants was randomly divided into 2 groups to evaluate dimensionality by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The reliability of both scales was also evaluated. Convergent validity was estimated using the Executive Complaints Questionnaire, the average variance extracted, and the composite reliability. Discriminant validity was based on the correlation with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the phi-square correlation between the components. RESULTS The factor analyses supported bidimensionality of the PSS-10 (stress and coping), which showed a better fit than the PSS-4. Moreover, the reliability of the PSS-10 was higher, whereas the PSS-4 did not achieve adequate values of internal consistency. The PSS-10 was also correlated significantly with all validation scales, and presented proper internal convergent and divergent validity. CONCLUSIONS The PSS-10 is a reliable and structurally valid instrument to measure perceived stress and coping in a Latin American Spanish-speaking population with high work demands, and the findings of this study expand our knowledge on the geographical and sociocultural applicability of the PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Ramiro Miranda
- School of Phonoaudiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, INICSA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Veronica Scotta
- School of Phonoaudiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, INICSA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucía Méndez
- School of Phonoaudiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvana Valeria Serra
- School of Phonoaudiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elio Andrés Soria
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, INICSA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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