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Hu ZT, Ntambo MS, Zhao JY, Javed T, Shi Y, Fu HY, Huang MT, Gao SJ. Genetic Divergence and Population Structure of Xanthomonas albilineans Strains Infecting Saccharum spp. Hybrid and Saccharum officinarum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1937. [PMID: 37653854 PMCID: PMC10222335 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Leaf scald caused by Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) is a major bacterial disease in sugarcane that represents a threat to the global sugar industry. Little is known about the population structure and genetic evolution of this pathogen. In this study, 39 Xa strains were collected from 6 provinces in China. Of these strains, 15 and 24 were isolated from Saccharum spp. hybrid and S. officinarum plants, respectively. Based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), with five housekeeping genes, these strains were clustered into two distinct phylogenetic groups (I and II). Group I included 26 strains from 2 host plants, Saccharum spp. hybrid and S. officinarum collected from 6 provinces, while Group II consisted of 13 strains from S. officinarum plants in the Zhejiang province. Among the 39 Xa strains, nucleotide sequence identities from 5 housekeeping genes were: ABC (99.6-100%), gyrB (99.3-100%), rpoD (98.4-100%), atpD (97.0-100%), and glnA (97.6-100%). These strains were clustered into six groups (A-F), based on the rep-PCR fingerprinting, using primers for ERIC2, BOX A1R, and (GTG)5. UPGMA and PCoA analyses revealed that group A had the most strains (24), followed by group C with 11 strains, while there was 1 strain each in groups B and D-F. Neutral tests showed that the Xa population in S. officinarum had a trend toward population expansion. Selection pressure analysis showed purification selection on five concatenated housekeeping genes from all tested strains. Significant genetic differentiation and infrequent gene flow were found between two Xa populations hosted in Saccharum spp. hybrids and S. officinarum. Altogether, these results provide evidence of obvious genetic divergence and population structures among Xa strains from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ting Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.-T.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (H.-Y.F.); (M.-T.H.)
| | - Mbuya Sylvain Ntambo
- Université de Lubumbashi, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Département de Phytotechnie, Laboratoire de Recherche en Biofortification, Défense et Valorisation des Cultures (BioDeV), Lubumbashi 7010, Congo;
| | - Jian-Ying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.-T.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (H.-Y.F.); (M.-T.H.)
| | - Talha Javed
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.-T.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (H.-Y.F.); (M.-T.H.)
| | - Yang Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.-T.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (H.-Y.F.); (M.-T.H.)
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.-T.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (H.-Y.F.); (M.-T.H.)
| | - Mei-Ting Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.-T.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (H.-Y.F.); (M.-T.H.)
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.-T.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (T.J.); (Y.S.); (H.-Y.F.); (M.-T.H.)
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Zhao JY, Chen J, Shi Y, Fu HY, Huang MT, Rott PC, Gao SJ. Sugarcane responses to two strains of Xanthomonas albilineans differing in pathogenicity through a differential modulation of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1087525. [PMID: 36589125 PMCID: PMC9798216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1087525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf scald caused by Xanthomonas albilineans is one of the major bacterial diseases of sugarcane that threaten the sugar industry worldwide. Pathogenic divergence among strains of X. albilineans and interactions with the sugarcane host remain largely unexplored. In this study, 40 strains of X. albilineans from China were distributed into three distinct evolutionary groups based on multilocus sequence analysis and simple sequence repeats loci markers. In pathogenicity assays, the 40 strains of X. albilineans from China were divided into three pathogenicity groups (low, medium, and high). Twenty-four hours post inoculation (hpi) of leaf scald susceptible variety GT58, leaf populations of X. albilineans strain XaCN51 (high pathogenicity group) determined by qPCR were 3-fold higher than those of strain XaCN24 (low pathogenicity group). Inoculated sugarcane plants modulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) homoeostasis by enhancing respiratory burst oxidase homolog (ScRBOH) expression and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and by decreasing catalase (CAT) activity, especially after infection by X. albilineans XaCN51. Furthermore, at 24 hpi, plants infected with XaCN51 maintained a lower content of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) and a lower expression level of SA-mediated genes (ScNPR3, ScTGA4, ScPR1, and ScPR5) as compared to plants infected with XaCN24. Altogether, these data revealed that the ROS production-scavenging system and activation of the SA pathway were involved in the sugarcane defense response to an attack by X. albilineans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mei-Ting Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Philippe C. Rott
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Montpellier, France, and PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Tardiani AC, Perecin D, Peixoto-Junior RF, Sanguino A, Landell MMG, Beriam LO, Nunes DS, Camargo LEA, Creste S. Molecular and Pathogenic Diversity Among Brazilian Isolates of Xanthomonas albilineans Assessed with SSR Marker Loci. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:540-546. [PMID: 30708727 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-13-0762-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf scald is one of the most important diseases of sugarcane in Brazil. Despite its importance, little is known about the genetic and pathogenic variability of its causal agent, Xanthomonas albilineans. The genetic diversity of 44 X. albilineans isolates from diverse geographic regions of Brazil was assessed using 15 newly developed short sequence repeat (SSR) loci designed from the genome sequence of X. albilineans strain GPE PC73. In addition, the aggressiveness of each isolate was evaluated by inoculating on a susceptible sugarcane cultivar and scoring the disease severity. Of the 15 SSR loci, 12 were polymorphic and produced 54 polymorphic alleles. The average number of polymorphic alleles per locus was 4.5, and ranged from 2 to 12 alleles. Phenetic analysis based on Nei's unbiased genetic distance, clustered the isolates into two major groups. Group I included 32 isolates from all four geographic regions studied, whereas group II included 9 isolates from two regions. Three isolates did not cluster within these groups. Analysis of disease severity data also revealed variability in aggressiveness among isolates but no correlation could be established with either SSR haplotypes or phenetic groups. Isolates with identical haplotypes differed in aggressiveness and vice versa. However, single marker-trait analysis revealed two markers associated with this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Tardiani
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico, Campinas-IAC, Rod. Antonio Duarte Nogueira Km 321, CP 206, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, and Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Av. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael F Peixoto-Junior
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico, Campinas-IAC, Rod. Antonio Duarte Nogueira Km 321, CP 206, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Sanguino
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico, Campinas-IAC, Rod. Antonio Duarte Nogueira Km 321, CP 206, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos M G Landell
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico, Campinas-IAC, Rod. Antonio Duarte Nogueira Km 321, CP 206, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis O Beriam
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Vegetal-CEIB, Instituto Biológico, Campinas,13001-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Nunes
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico, Campinas-IAC, Rod. Antonio Duarte Nogueira Km 321, CP 206, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis E A Camargo
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Creste
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico, Campinas-IAC, Rod. Antonio Duarte Nogueira Km 321, CP 206, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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