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Mothersole RG, Wolthers KR. Structural and Kinetic Insight into the Biosynthesis of H2S and l-Lanthionine from l-Cysteine by a Pyridoxal l-Phosphate-Dependent Enzyme from Fusobacterium nucleatum. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3592-3603. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Mothersole
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kirsten R. Wolthers
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Basic A, Blomqvist M, Dahlén G, Svensäter G. The proteins of Fusobacterium spp. involved in hydrogen sulfide production from L-cysteine. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:61. [PMID: 28288582 PMCID: PMC5348791 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic foul-smelling gas produced by subgingival biofilms in patients with periodontal disease and is suggested to be part of the pathogenesis of the disease. We studied the H2S-producing protein expression of bacterial strains associated with periodontal disease. Further, we examined the effect of a cysteine-rich growth environment on the synthesis of intracellular enzymes in F. nucleatum polymorphum ATCC 10953. The proteins were subjected to one-dimensional (1DE) and two-dimensional (2DE) gel electrophoresis An in-gel activity assay was used to detect the H2S-producing enzymes; Sulfide from H2S, produced by the enzymes in the gel, reacted with bismuth forming bismuth sulfide, illustrated as brown bands (1D) or spots (2D) in the gel. The discovered proteins were identified with liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Cysteine synthase and proteins involved in the production of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'phosphate (that catalyzes the production of H2S) were frequently found among the discovered enzymes. Interestingly, a higher expression of H2S-producing enzymes was detected from bacteria incubated without cysteine prior to the experiment. CONCLUSIONS Numerous enzymes, identified as cysteine synthase, were involved in the production of H2S from cysteine and the expression varied among Fusobacterium spp. and strains. No enzymes were detected with the in-gel activity assay among the other periodontitis-associated bacteria tested. The expression of the H2S-producing enzymes was dependent on environmental conditions such as cysteine concentration and pH but less dependent on the presence of serum and hemin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Basic
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Madeleine Blomqvist
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology, Institute of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Molecular and Spectroscopic Characterization of Aspergillus flavipes and Pseudomonas putida L-Methionine γ-Lyase in Vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1513-1532. [PMID: 27796875 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida L-methionine γ-lyase (PpMGL) has been recognized as an efficient anticancer agent, however, its antigenicity and stability remain as critical challenges for its clinical use. From our studies, Aspergillus flavipes L-methionine γ-lyase (AfMGL) displayed more affordable biochemical properties than PpMGL. Thus, the objective of this work was to comparatively assess the functional properties of AfMGL and PpMGL via stability of their internal aldimine linkage, tautomerism of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and structural stability responsive to physicochemical factors. The internal Schiff base of AfMGL and PpMGL have the same stability to hydroxylamine and human serum albumin. Acidic pHs resulted in strong cleavage of the internal Schiff base, inducing the unfolding of MGLs, compared to neutral-alkaline pHs. At λ 280 nm excitation, both AfMGL and PpMGL have identical fluorescence emission spectra at λ 335 nm for the intrinsic tryptophan and λ 560 nm for the internal Schiff base. The maximum PLP tautomeric shift of ketoenamine to enolimine was detected at acidic pH causing complete enzyme unfolding, subunits dissociation and tautomeric shift of intrinsic PLP, rather than neutral-alkaline ones. The T m of AfMGL and PpMGL in presence of thermal stabilizer/ destabilizer was assayed by DSF. The T m of AfMGL and PpMGL was 73.1 °C and 74.4 °C, respectively, suggesting the higher proximity to the tertiary structure of both enzymes. The T m of AfMGL and PpMGL was slightly increased by trehalose and EDTA in contrast to guanidine HCl and urea. The active site and PLP-binding domains are identically conserved in both AfMGL and PpMGL.
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Kezuka Y, Abe N, Yoshida Y, Nonaka T. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of two hydrogen sulfide-producing enzymes from Fusobacterium nucleatum. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1507-10. [PMID: 23192034 PMCID: PMC3509975 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112042546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide produced by oral bacteria is responsible for oral malodour. Two homologous hydrogen sulfide-producing enzymes, Fn1220 and Cdl, from Fusobacterium nucleatum (which actively produces hydrogen sulfide) were overproduced, purified and crystallized. X-ray diffraction data were collected from the crystals using a synchrotron-radiation source. The Fn1220 crystal belonged to tetragonal space group P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2 (unit-cell parameters a=b=116.8, c=99.2 Å) and the Cdl crystal belonged to monoclinic space group P2(1) (unit-cell parameters a=84.9, b=70.9, c=87.6 Å, β=90.3°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kezuka
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
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Suwabe K, Yoshida Y, Nagano K, Yoshimura F. Identification of an L-methionine γ-lyase involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide from L-cysteine in Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2011; 157:2992-3000. [PMID: 21798982 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.051813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum produces an abundance of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in the oral cavity that is mediated by several enzymes. The identification and characterization of three distinct enzymes (Fn0625, Fn1055 and Fn1220) in F. nucleatum that catalyse the production of H(2)S from l-cysteine have been reported. In the current study, a novel enzyme involved in the production of H(2)S in F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, whose molecular mass had been estimated to be approximately 130 kDa, was identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF MS. The enzyme, Fn1419, has previously been characterized as an l-methionine γ-lyase. SDS-PAGE and gel-filtration chromatography indicated that Fn1419 has a molecular mass of 43 kDa and forms tetramers in solution. Unlike other enzymes associated with H(2)S production in F. nucleatum, the quaternary structure of Fn1419 was not completely disrupted by exposure to SDS. The purified recombinant enzyme exhibited a K(m) of 0.32±0.02 mM and a k(cat) of 0.69±0.01 s(-1). Based on current and published data, the enzymic activity for H(2)S production from l-cysteine in F. nucleatum is ranked as follows: Fn1220>Fn1055>Fn1419>Fn0625. Based on kinetic values and relative mRNA levels of the respective genes, as determined by real-time quantitative PCR, the amount of H(2)S produced by Fn1419 was estimated to be 1.9 % of the total H(2)S produced from l-cysteine in F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. In comparison, Fn1220 appeared to contribute significantly to H(2)S production (87.6 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Suwabe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Identification and enzymic analysis of a novel protein associated with production of hydrogen sulfide and l-serine from l-cysteine in Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:2164-2171. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.048934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A third enzyme that produces hydrogen sulfide from l-cysteine was identified in Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum. The fn1055 gene was cloned from a cosmid library constructed with genomic DNA of F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Despite the database annotation that the product of fn1055 is a cysteine synthase, reverse-phase HPLC revealed that no l-cysteine was produced in vitro by the purified Fn1055 protein; however, the enzyme did produce l-serine. In addition, a cysteine auxotroph, Escherichia coli NK3, transformed with a plasmid containing the fn1055 gene did not grow without cysteine, which further suggests that Fn1055 does not function as a cysteine synthase. The Michaelis–Menten kinetics (K
m = 0.09±0.001 mM and k
cat = 5.43±0.64 s−1) of the purified enzyme showed that the capacity of Fn1055 to produce hydrogen sulfide was between that of two other enzymes, Fn0625 and Fn1220. Incubation of Fn1055 with l-cysteine resulted in the production of hydrogen sulfide, but not of pyruvate, ammonia or lanthionine, which are all byproducts produced in addition to hydrogen sulfide when Fn0625 or Fn1220 is incubated with l-cysteine. Instead, Fn1055 produced l-serine in its reaction with l-cysteine. Fn1055 produces hydrogen sulfide from l-cysteine by a mechanism that is different from that of Fn0625 or Fn1220.
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Yoshida Y, Ito S, Kamo M, Kezuka Y, Tamura H, Kunimatsu K, Kato H. Production of hydrogen sulfide by two enzymes associated with biosynthesis of homocysteine and lanthionine in Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 156:2260-2269. [PMID: 20413556 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.039180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum produces a large amount of the toxic metabolite hydrogen sulfide in the oral cavity. Here, we report the molecular basis of F. nucleatum H(2)S production, which is associated with two different enzymes: the previously reported Cdl (Fn1220) and the newly identified Lcd (Fn0625). SDS-PAGE analysis with activity staining revealed that crude enzyme extracts from F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 contained three major H(2)S-producing proteins. Two of the proteins with low molecular masses migrated similarly to purified Fn0625 and Fn1220. Their kinetic values suggested that Fn0625 had a lower enzymic capacity to produce H(2)S from L-cysteine (approximately 30%) than Fn1220. The Fn0625 protein degraded a variety of substrates containing betaC-S linkages to produce ammonia, pyruvate and sulfur-containing products. Unlike Fn0625, Fn1220 produced neither pyruvate nor ammonia from L-cysteine. Reversed-phase HPLC separation and mass spectrometry showed that incubation of L-cysteine with Fn1220 produced H(2)S and an uncommon amino acid, lanthionine, which is a natural constituent of the peptidoglycans of F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. In contrast, most of the sulfur-containing substrates tested, except L-cysteine, were not used by Fn1220. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the fn1220 gene showed several-fold higher expression than fn0625 and housekeeping genes in exponential-phase cultures of F. nucleatum. Thus, we conclude that Fn0625 and Fn1220 produce H(2)S in distinct manners: Fn0625 carries out beta-elimination of L-cysteine to produce H(2)S, pyruvate and ammonia, whereas Fn1220 catalyses the beta-replacement of L-cysteine to produce H(2)S and lanthionine, the latter of which may be used for peptidoglycan formation in F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yoshida
- Department of Pathogenesis and Control of Oral Disease, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ito
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Japan.,Department of Pathogenesis and Control of Oral Disease, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kamo
- Department of Oral Biology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kezuka
- Department of Structural Biology, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmacy, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Haruki Tamura
- Department of Pathogenesis and Control of Oral Disease, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Kunimatsu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kato
- Department of Pathogenesis and Control of Oral Disease, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Japan
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