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Hatam G, Morovati H, Alikhani M, Rahimi A, Pakshir K, Amini S, Zomorodian K. Evaluating the Typing Power of Six Isoenzymatic Systems for Differentiation of Clinical and Standard Isolates of Candida Species. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 12:134. [PMID: 37434931 PMCID: PMC10331524 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_243_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the increasing prevalence of candidiasis, early detection of the causative agents may pave the way for the management of this infection. The present study aimed to assess the discriminative power of the six isoenzymatic systems for differentiating the Candida species. Materials and Methods Sixteen standard Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis strains and 30 fluconazole-sensitive and fluconazole-resistant clinical strains of Candida albicans were analyzed using a Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE) method, including six enzymatic systems consisting of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and malic enzyme (ME). Results Among the six enzymatic systems, ME showed no diagnostic activity, whereas MDH provided the best species-specific pattern for species discrimination. In addition, the MDH and G6PD systems provided a discriminatory pattern for differentiating C. dubliniensis from C. albicans isolates. The same isoenzymatic activity was detected in all 36 standard and clinical isolates. Moreover, the results showed no correlation between the isoenzymatic profiles and drug resistance. Conclusion Among the investigated MLEE systems, MDH was able to differentiate between Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. Although no association was detected between isoenzyme patterns and fluconazole resistance in this investigation, isoenzyme patterns are likely correlated with virulence factors between species and even within species. To answer these questions, additional studies should be done on more strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Alikhani
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Rahimi
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Amini
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Boriollo MFG, Oliveira MC, Bassinello V, Aníbal PC, da Silva TA, da Silva JJ, Bassi RC, Netto MFR, Dos Santos Dias CT, Höfling JF. Candida species biotypes and polyclonality of potentially virulent Candida albicans isolated from oral cavity of patients with orofacial clefts. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3061-3084. [PMID: 34791549 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the incidence of Candida species, and the genetic diversity and virulence of C. albicans of the oral cavity from patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral samples were investigated by microbiological and species-specific PCR methods. The genetic diversity of C. albicans was established using isoenzyme markers, Nei's statistics, and clustering analysis. Hydrolytic enzymes (SAPs and PLs) were analyzed in vitro. RESULTS Oral colonization by Candida species was observed in 29 patients with CLP (65.9%), and C. albicans was highly prevalent. SAP and PL activities were observed in 100% and 51.9% of isolates, respectively. High genetic diversity and patterns of monoclonal and polyclonal oral colonization by C. albicans were observed among patients with CLP. Two major polymorphic taxa (A and B) and other minor polymorphic taxa (C to J) were identified. Only one of the 16 clusters (taxon A) harbored strains from patients with and without CLP, whereas other clusters harbored strains exclusively from CLP patients. CONCLUSIONS The anatomical conditions of the oral cavity of patients with CLP contribute to the high incidence of Candida species (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and/or Candida spp.). Data suggest high genetic diversity of potentially virulent C. albicans strains in the oral cavity of CLP patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Microbiological niches in orofacial clefts can contribute to the emergence of a relative clinical genotypic identity of C. albicans. However, orofacial rehabilitation centers can contribute to the direct and indirect sources of transmission and propagation of Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Fabiano Gomes Boriollo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bassinello
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Aníbal
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Thaísla Andrielle da Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Júnior da Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carlos Bassi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Rodrigues Netto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Dos Santos Dias
- Department of Exact Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), 11 Pádua Dias Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Francisco Höfling
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
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Rodrigues Netto MF, Júnior da Silva J, Andrielle da Silva T, Oliveira MC, Höfling JF, de Andrade Bressan E, Vargas de Oliveira Figueira A, Gomes Boriollo MF. DNA microsatellite genotyping of potentially pathogenic Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis isolated from the oral cavity and dental prostheses. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104548. [PMID: 33059059 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the incidence, genetic diversity, antifungal sensitivity, and virulence of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis isolated from subjects using dental prostheses and subjects clinically indicated for the first prosthetic rehabilitation. Subjects were divided into four groups and samples were collected twice: at first rehabilitation by removable partial (A) and total (C) dental prostheses, and replacement of the removable partial (B) and total (D) prostheses. Yeasts were genotyped using DNA microsatellite markers. Microbiological methods were used to screen for azole antifungal resistance and exoenzyme production. In the initial sampling, oral colonization by Candida was observed in 31 (53.4%) subjects in groups A (33.3%), B (68.2%), and D (65%); 20 (47.6%) subjects displayed colonization of prostheses: groups B (50%) and D (45%). The second sampling (±30 days) revealed Candida in 2 (3.4%: oral cavity) and 4 (6.9%: prosthetic) subjects from group B. C. albicans and C. dubliniensis displayed both polyclonal and monoclonal patterns of infection. Azole-resistant C. albicans and SAPs+ strains were prevalent. Related strains were found in one or several oral sites (mucosa and prosthesis), as well as intra- and inter-subject, -gender, -group, and -time of sampling. However, the patterns of clonality can be altered under dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel Francisco Rodrigues Netto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Jeferson Júnior da Silva
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Thaísla Andrielle da Silva
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Cardoso Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - José Francisco Höfling
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo de Andrade Bressan
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (CENA/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Vargas de Oliveira Figueira
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (CENA/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Fabiano Gomes Boriollo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Boriollo MFG, Bassi RC, Höfling JF. Isoenzymatic genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cattle and human clinical environments reveal evolutionary divergences. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e54. [PMID: 30231148 PMCID: PMC6169399 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic variability of 610 S. aureus isolates from the
hands of professional dentists (A), dental clinic environment air (B),
bovine milk from cows with and without mastitis (C), an insufflator for
milking equipment (D) and milking environment air (E) was studied by
isoenzyme genotyping and genetic and cluster analysis. Results Monoclonal and polyclonal patterns of S. aureus were
detected in every bacterial population; however, isolates belonging to the
same strain were not found among the populations, suggesting the genetic
heterogeneity and the intrapopulation spread of strains. Genetic
relationship analysis revealed the co-existence of highly related strains at
low frequency among populations. Conclusion The data suggest that some strains can adapt and colonize new
epidemiologically unrelated habitats. Consequently, the occurrence of an
epidemiological genotypic identity can assume a dynamic character (spread to
new habitats), however infrequently. A tendency of microevolutionary and
genetic divergences among populations of S. aureus from
human sources (AB) and bovine milk (DE), and especially the mammary quarter
(C), is also suggested. This research can contribute to the knowledge on the
distribution and dissemination of strains and the implementation of control
measures and eradication of S. aureus in important dental
clinic environments, as well as animal environments and dairy
production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Fabiano Gomes Boriollo
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carlos Bassi
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Francisco Höfling
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Caierão J, Paiva JACD, Sampaio JLM, Silva MGD, Santos DRDS, Coelho FS, Fonseca LDS, Duarte RS, Armstrong DT, Regua-Mangia AH. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of rapidly-growing mycobacteria: an alternative tool for identification and typing. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 42:11-16. [PMID: 26603643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have emerged as important pathogens in clinical settings, associated with esthetic procedures and postsurgical infections, pulmonary infections among cystic fibrosis patients, and other structural pulmonary diseases. Microorganisms belonging to Mycobacterium abscessus-Mycobacterium chelonae and to Mycobacterium fortuitum groups have frequently been associated with outbreaks and various epidemics. In the present study, RGM strains were characterized in order to investigate molecular markers based on proteomic analysis. METHODS Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) was used for species identification and clonal analysis of RGM recovered from postsurgical wound infections during an epidemic. The study included 30M. abscessus subsp. bolletii clinical isolates, most belonging to the BRA100 clone (epidemic in Rio de Janeiro city), as well as 16 RGM ATCC reference strains. RESULTS Molecular typing allowed the detection of diversity in the studied population and revealed species-specific isoenzymatic patterns. Additionally, the clonal relationship among M. abscessus subsp. bolletii outbreak isolates, as examined using MLEE, was markedly consistent. CONCLUSIONS Isoenzymatic characterization was found to be a useful molecular tool to identify RGM species and to determine the relatedness among closely related M. abscessus subsp. bolletii isolates. This may be considered a powerful approach for epidemiological studies on RGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Caierão
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Cardoso Dias Paiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Marlei Gomes da Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrice Santana Coelho
- Hospital Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila de Souza Fonseca
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Duarte
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | | | - Adriana Hamond Regua-Mangia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Saghrouni F, Ben Abdeljelil J, Boukadida J, Ben Said M. Molecular methods for strain typing of Candida albicans
: a review. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1559-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Saghrouni
- UR02SP13 Research Unit; Ministry of Public Health; Tunisia Tunisia
| | | | - J. Boukadida
- UR02SP13 Research Unit; Ministry of Public Health; Tunisia Tunisia
| | - M. Ben Said
- UR02SP13 Research Unit; Ministry of Public Health; Tunisia Tunisia
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Pulcrano G, Roscetto E, Iula VD, Panellis D, Rossano F, Catania MR. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and microsatellite markers to evaluate Candida parapsilosis transmission in neonatal intensive care units. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:2919-28. [PMID: 22644055 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on outbreaks of Candida showed an increased incidence of bloodstream infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) caused by C. parapsilosis species, highlighting the need for the proper identification and epidemiology of these species. Several systems are available for molecular epidemiological and taxonomic studies of fungal infections: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) represents the gold standard for typing, but is also one of the most lengthy and expensive, while simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and is, therefore, faster. Only recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been used to identify and type microorganisms involved in nosocomial outbreaks. In our study, 19 strains of C. parapsilosis isolated from the blood cultures of neonates admitted to the University Hospital Federico II were genotyped by the amplification of eight SSR markers and by MALDI-TOF MS. Electrophoretic and spectrometric profile results were compared in order to identify similarities among the isolates and to study microevolutionary changes in the C. parapsilosis population. The discriminatory power and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrograms generated were compared in order to evaluate the correlation of the groups established by the analysis of the clusters by both methods. Both methods were rapid and effective in highlighting identical strains and studying microevolutionary changes in the population. Our study evidenced that mass spectroscopy is a useful technique not only for the identification but also for monitoring the spread of strains, which is critical to control nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pulcrano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology Luigi Califano, Medicine School, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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