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Guan LJ, Pei SX, Song JJ, Zhan PF, Han YN, Xue Y, Ding K, Zhao ZQ. Screening immune adjuvants for an inactivated vaccine against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:922867. [PMID: 35958306 PMCID: PMC9360596 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.922867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we screened adjuvants for an inactivated vaccine against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae). Inactivated cells of E. rhusiopathiae strain HG-1 were prepared as the antigen in five adjuvanted inactivated vaccines, including a mineral-oil-adjuvanted vaccine (Oli vaccine), aluminum-hydroxide-gel-adjuvanted vaccine (Alh vaccine), ISA201-biphasic-oil-emulsion-adjuvanted vaccine (ISA201 vaccine), GEL02-water-soluble-polymer-adjuvanted vaccine (GEL vaccine), and IMS1313-water-soluble-nanoparticle-adjuvanted vaccine (IMS1313 vaccine). The safety test results of subcutaneous inoculation in mice showed that Oli vaccine had the most severe side effects, with a combined score of 35, followed by the ISA201 vaccine (25 points), Alh vaccine (20 points), GEL vaccine (10 points), and IMS1313 vaccine (10 points). A dose of 1.5LD50 of strain HG-1 was used to challenge the mice intraperitoneally, 14 days after their second immunization. The protective efficacy of Oli vaccine and Alh vaccine was 100% (8/8), whereas that of the other three adjuvanted vaccines was 88% (7/8). Challenge with 2.5LD50 of strain HG-1 resulted in a 100% survival rate, demonstrating the 100% protective efficacy of the Oli vaccine, followed by the GEL vaccine (71%, 5/7), IMS1313 vaccine (57%, 4/7), ISA201 vaccine (43%, 3/7), and Alh vaccine (29%, 2/7). Challenge with 4LD50 of strain HG-1 showed 100% (7/7) protective efficacy of the Oli vaccine and 71% (5/7) protective efficacy of the GEL vaccine, whereas the protective efficacy of other three adjuvanted vaccine was 14% (1/7). The Alh and GEL vaccines were selected for comparative tests in piglets, and both caused minor side effects. A second immunization with these two adjuvanted vaccines conferred 60 and 100% protective efficacy, respectively, after the piglets were challenged via an ear vein with 8LD100 of strain HG-1. After challenge with 16LD100 of strain HG-1, the Alh and GEL vaccines showed 40% and 100% protective efficacy, respectively. Our results suggested that GEL is the optimal adjuvant for an inactivated vaccine against E. rhusiopathiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Guan
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Pei
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ji-Jian Song
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhan
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yi-Nong Han
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yun Xue
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhan-Qin Zhao
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhan-Qin Zhao
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Morimoto M, Kato A, Akaike Y, Nogami K, Ono H, Furusawa T, Kojima H, Sasakawa C. Comparative study of the phenotype and virulence of recent serovar 1a, 1b, and 2a isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in Japan. Vet Microbiol 2022; 270:109458. [PMID: 35623133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes swine erysipelas (SE) and is classified -into 16 serovars based on cell surface antigens. Our previous study suggested that recent SE outbreaks were mostly caused by serovar 1a of E. rhusiopathiae with the surface protective antigen (Spa)A protein characterized by methionine and isoleucine at positions 203 and 257 (M203/I257 SpaA). In this study, four recent E. rhusiopathiae isolates comprising two serovar 1a with M203/I257 SpaA strains (2012 Miyazaki and 2012 Chiba), one serovar 1b strain (2015 Miyazaki), and one serovar 2a strain (2012 Nagano) were compared with each other and with the serovar 1a Fujisawa reference strain regarding in vitro phenotypes and in vivo virulence in mice and pigs. The serovar 1b and 2a strains, which are the less prevalent strains in the field in Japan, showed lower growth in liquid culture and lower virulence in animals than the serovar 1a variants. Adhesion of the serovar 2a strain to porcine endothelial cells was weaker than that of the serovar 1a and 1b strains. Several advantages of serovar 1a strains were found, but no plausible cause of the M203/I257 SpaA type variants to be selected for the most prevalent strains among serovar 1a strains was identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Morimoto
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan; Biomedical Science Association, 2-20-8-3F Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yuta Akaike
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Kotoe Nogami
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ono
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Takaaki Furusawa
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kojima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shin-machi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan; Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
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Janßen T, Voss M, Kühl M, Semmler T, Philipp HC, Ewers C. A combinational approach of multilocus sequence typing and other molecular typing methods in unravelling the epidemiology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains from poultry and mammals. Vet Res 2015. [PMID: 26198736 PMCID: PMC4509749 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections re-emerged as a matter of great concern particularly in the poultry industry. In contrast to porcine isolates, molecular epidemiological traits of avian E. rhusiopathiae isolates are less well known. Thus, we aimed to (i) develop a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for E. rhusiopathiae, (ii) study the congruence of strain grouping based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and MLST, (iii) determine the diversity of the dominant immunogenic protein SpaA, and (iv) examine the distribution of genes putatively linked with virulence among field isolates from poultry (120), swine (24) and other hosts (21), including humans (3). Using seven housekeeping genes for MLST analysis we determined 72 sequence types (STs) among 165 isolates. This indicated an overall high diversity, though 34.5% of all isolates belonged to a single predominant ST-complex, STC9, which grouped strains from birds and mammals, including humans, together. PFGE revealed 58 different clusters and congruence with the sequence-based MLST-method was not common. Based on polymorphisms in the N-terminal hyper-variable region of SpaA the isolates were classified into five groups, which followed the phylogenetic background of the strains. More than 90% of the isolates harboured all 16 putative virulence genes tested and only intI, encoding an internalin-like protein, showed infrequent distribution. MLST data determined E. rhusiopathiae as weakly clonal species with limited host specificity. A common evolutionary origin of isolates as well as shared SpaA variants and virulence genotypes obtained from avian and mammalian hosts indicates common reservoirs, pathogenic pathways and immunogenic properties of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traute Janßen
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany. .,RIPAC-LABOR GmbH, Am Mühlenberg 11, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | - Michael Kühl
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Hans-Christian Philipp
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center GmbH & Co. KG, Bemeroder Straße 31, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 85-89, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Molecular and serological characterization of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola isolated from dogs, swine, and bovine in Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 45:117-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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