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Alvino VV, Mohammed KAK, Gu Y, Madeddu P. Approaches for the isolation and long-term expansion of pericytes from human and animal tissues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1095141. [PMID: 36704463 PMCID: PMC9873410 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1095141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes surround capillaries in every organ of the human body. They are also present around the vasa vasorum, the small blood vessels that supply the walls of larger arteries and veins. The clinical interest in pericytes is rapidly growing, with the recognition of their crucial roles in controlling vascular function and possible therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. Nonetheless, discrepancies in methods used to define, isolate, and expand pericytes are common and may affect reproducibility. Separating pure pericyte preparations from the continuum of perivascular mesenchymal cells is challenging. Moreover, variations in functional behavior and antigenic phenotype in response to environmental stimuli make it difficult to formulate an unequivocal definition of bona fide pericytes. Very few attempts were made to develop pericytes as a clinical-grade product. Therefore, this review is devoted to appraising current methodologies' pros and cons and proposing standardization and harmonization improvements. We highlight the importance of developing upgraded protocols to create therapeutic pericyte products according to the regulatory guidelines for clinical manufacturing. Finally, we describe how integrating RNA-seq techniques with single-cell spatial analysis, and functional assays may help realize the full potential of pericytes in health, disease, and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Abdelsattar Kassem Mohammed
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Yue Gu
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Chen R, Clark ST, Waldvogel-Thurlow S, Radcliff FJ, Hoggard ML, Johnston J, Douglas RG, Biswas K. The histological and microbiological characteristics of bacterial microcolonies in paediatric tonsillar hyperplasia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 157:111128. [PMID: 35421675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paediatric tonsillar hyperplasia (TH) is associated with a spectrum of presentations ranging from recurrent tonsillitis (RT) to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The underlying pathogenesis of tonsillar hyperplasia remains poorly understood. Previous studies have implicated bacterial microcolonies as targets of host inflammatory cells and as a potential driver of the chronic inflammation seen in TH. The role of atopy in tonsillar hyperplasia is also largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the allergic responses and microbial factors that may influence TH in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paired tonsils and a serum sample were collected from 21 children undergoing tonsillectomy for RT or SDB in the Auckland region. The disposition of immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG, A, M and E) and local inflammatory cells on histological sections of tonsil tissue were determined using immunohistochemistry techniques. Aeroallergen specific IgE (sIgE) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin C specific IgE (SEC-specific IgE) were measured in serum and tonsil tissue using the ImmunoCAP® system. Finally, tonsil bacterial microcolonies were then excised from histological slides using laser microdissection techniques, before undergoing bacterial and fungal amplicon sequencing. RESULTS There were no significant differences in any of the measured variables between children with RT and SDB symptoms. IgE staining was not associated with increased levels of mast cells, leukocytes or plasma cells. However, sIgE positivity was more frequently found in local tissue than in serum (p = 0.025). A significant association was observed between tissue sIgE levels and tissue SEC-specific IgE levels (r2 = 0.95, p = 0.0001). The most abundant bacterial and fungal genera identified in the microcolonies were Fusobacterium, Sphingomonas, Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Malassezia. DISCUSSION These results suggest that there is a local IgE response in children with TH. Local IgE production is unrelated to systemic atopy and may play a key role in the pathogenesis of TH. This is the first study to determine the microbial composition of microcolonies in tonsil tissue. These findings enhance current understanding of the microbiology of tonsils in children with TH and have important implications for antibiotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sita Tarini Clark
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sharon Waldvogel-Thurlow
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Jane Radcliff
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - James Johnston
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard George Douglas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristi Biswas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Cruz-Flores R, López-Carvallo JA, Cáceres-Martínez J, Dhar AK. Microbiome analysis from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues: Current challenges and future perspectives. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 196:106476. [PMID: 35490989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues stored in thousands of human and animal pathology laboratories around the globe represent mines of stored genetic information. In recent years, the use of FFPE tissues as a viable source of DNA for diverse genetic studies has attracted attention for interrogating microbiomes from this sample type. These studies have proven that 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing-based microbiome studies are possible from FFPE samples but present some particular challenges. In this review, we summarize all aspects of microbiome studies from FFPE tissues including the challenges associated with working highly degraded DNA, best practices for reducing environmental contamination, and we propose solutions to address these issues. Finally, we discuss how the combination of FFPE microbiome studies and Laser Capture Microdissection and/or Laser Microdissection could enable to determine the spatial heterogeneity underlying complex bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cruz-Flores
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Antonio López-Carvallo
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cáceres-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Arun K Dhar
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
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Masigol M, Radaha EL, Kannan AD, Salberg AG, Fattahi N, Parameswaran P, Hansen RR. Polymer Surface Dissection for Correlated Microscopic and Compositional Analysis of Bacterial Aggregates during Membrane Biofouling. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:134-145. [PMID: 35014824 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multispecies biofilms are a common limitation in membrane bioreactors, causing membrane clogging, degradation, and failure. There is a poor understanding of biological fouling mechanisms in these systems due to the limited number of experimental techniques useful for probing microbial interactions at the membrane interface. Here, we develop a new experimental method, termed polymer surface dissection (PSD), to investigate multispecies assembly processes over membrane surfaces. The PSD method uses photodegradable polyethylene glycol hydrogels functionalized with bioaffinity ligands to bind and detach microscale, microbial aggregates from the membrane for microscopic observation. Subsequent exposure of the hydrogel to high resolution, patterned UV light allows for controlled release of any selected aggregate of desired size at high purity for DNA extraction. Follow-up 16S community analysis reveals aggregate composition, correlating microscopic images with the bacterial community structure. The optimized approach can isolate aggregates with microscale spatial precision and yields genomic DNA at sufficient quantity and quality for sequencing from aggregates with areas as low as 2000 μm2, without the need of culturing for sample enrichment. To demonstrate the value of the approach, PSD was used to reveal the composition of microscale aggregates of different sizes during early-stage biofouling of aerobic wastewater communities over PVDF membranes. Larger aggregates exhibited lower diversity of bacterial communities, and a shift in the community structure was found as aggregate size increased to areas between 25,000 and 45,000 μm2, below which aggregates were more enriched in Bacteroidetes and above which aggregates were more enriched with Proteobacteria. The findings demonstrate that community succession can be observed within microscale aggregates and that the PSD method is useful for identification and characterization of early colonizing bacteria that drive biofouling on membrane surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Masigol
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Esther L Radaha
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Arvind D Kannan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Abigail G Salberg
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Niloufar Fattahi
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Prathap Parameswaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Ryan R Hansen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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Balestrini R, Sillo F. Plant-Fungal Interactions: Laser Microdissection as a Tool to Study Cell Specificity. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2536:369-380. [PMID: 35819614 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2517-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, laser microdissection (LMD) technology has been widely applied to plant tissues, allowing to obtain new information on the role of different cell-type populations during plant development and interactions, including plant-pathogen interactions. The application of a LMD approach allowed verifying the response of plant and pathogen during the progression of the infection in different cell types, focusing both on gene expression in host plants and pathogens. Here, a protocol to apply the LMD approach to study plant and fungal transcript profiles in different cell-type populations is described in detail, from the biological material preparation to RNA extraction and gene expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Torino, Italy.
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Torino, Italy
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Shetty R, Jensen B, Shelton D, Jørgensen K, Pedas P, Jørgensen HJL. Site-specific, silicon-induced structural and molecular defence responses against powdery mildew infection in roses. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4545-4554. [PMID: 34075680 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon (Si) application to miniature potted roses can decrease severity of powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) and this is associated with increased accumulation of callose and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) as well as hypersensitive (HR) cells. We used microscopy, gene expression and specific inhibitors of callose and H2 O2 to determine how effective these plant responses are in stopping infection. RESULTS Pathogen arrest in Si-treated (Si+) plants was accompanied by increased accumulation of callose and H2 O2 in papillae and HR cells, respectively. These responses were reduced by application of specific inhibitors (2-deoxy-d-glucose for callose and catalase for H2 O2 ), which increased disease severity in Si+, but not in Si- plants. As markers for HR and callose, expression of the HR-specific gene hsr203J and the wound-related callose synthase GSL5, respectively, was studied. An up-regulation of expression was only seen after isolation of HR cells with laser capture microdissection. The up-regulation was higher in Si+ than in Si- plants and occurred concomitantly with more efficient photosynthesis in Si+ plants at high disease severity as compared to Si- plants. CONCLUSION Silicon-mediated activation of callose and H2 O2 are decisive factors in the defence of rose against P. pannosa and these responses were accompanied with more efficient photosynthesis to strengthen the plant. Only by isolation of HR cells using laser capture microdissection as compared to analysis of whole leaf tissues allowed detection of elevated transcript levels of hsr203J and GSL5 at infection sites as markers for HR. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishna Shetty
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dale Shelton
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pai Pedas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Carlsberg Group, J.C. Jacobsens Gade 1, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Hans Jørgen Lyngs Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Self-Organization Provides Cell Fate Commitment in MSC Sheet Condensed Areas via ROCK-Dependent Mechanism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091192. [PMID: 34572378 PMCID: PMC8470239 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are one of the crucial regulators of regeneration and tissue repair and possess an intrinsic program from self-organization mediated by condensation, migration and self-patterning. The ability to self-organize has been successfully exploited in tissue engineering approaches using cell sheets (CS) and their modifications. In this study, we used CS as a model of human MSC spontaneous self-organization to demonstrate its structural, transcriptomic impact and multipotent stromal cell commitment. We used CS formation to visualize MSC self-organization and evaluated the role of the Rho-GTPase pathway in spontaneous condensation, resulting in a significant anisotropy of the cell density within the construct. Differentiation assays were carried out using conventional protocols, and microdissection and RNA-sequencing were applied to establish putative targets behind the observed phenomena. The differentiation of MSC to bone and cartilage, but not to adipocytes in CS, occurred more effectively than in the monolayer. RNA-sequencing indicated transcriptional shifts involving the activation of the Rho-GTPase pathway and repression of SREBP, which was concordant with the lack of adipogenesis in CS. Eventually, we used an inhibitory analysis to validate our findings and suggested a model where the self-organization of MSC defined their commitment and cell fate via ROCK1/2 and SREBP as major effectors under the putative switching control of AMP kinase.
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Consentino L, Rejasse A, Crapart N, Bevilacqua C, Nielsen-LeRoux C. Laser capture microdissection to study Bacillus cereus iron homeostasis gene expression during Galleria mellonella in vivo gut colonization. Virulence 2021; 12:2104-2121. [PMID: 34374318 PMCID: PMC8366545 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1959790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen closely related to the entomopathogen, Bacillus thuringiensis, both of which are involved in intestinal infections. Iron is an essential micronutrient for full growth and virulence of pathogens during infection. However, little is known about iron homeostasis during gut infection. Therefore, we aimed to assess the expression of B. cereus genes related to bacterial iron homeostasis, virulence and oxidative stress. The hypothesis is that the expression of such genes would vary between early and later stage colonization in correlation to gut cell damage. To perform the study, a germ-free Galleria mellonella model was set up in order to adapt the use of Laser-capture microdissection (LCM), to select precise areas in the gut lumen from frozen whole larval cryo-sections. Analyses were performed from alive larvae and the expression of targeted genes was assessed byspecific pre-amplification of mRNA followed by quantitative PCR. Firstly, the results reinforce the reliability of LCM, despite a low amount of bacterial RNA recovered. Secondly, bacterial genes involved in iron homeostasis are expressed in the lumen at both 3 and 16 hours post force-feeding. Thirdly, iron gene expression is slightly modulated during gut infection, and lastly, the mRNA of G. mellonella encoding for ferritin and transferrin iron storage and transport are recovered too. Therefore, iron homeostasis should play a role in B. cereus gut colonization. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time the value of using LCM for specific in situ gene expression analysis of extracellular bacteria in a whole animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Consentino
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Agnès Rejasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Crapart
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR GABI, Abridge, Jouy En Josas, France.,Exilone, Elancourt, France
| | - Claudia Bevilacqua
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR GABI, Abridge, Jouy En Josas, France
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Munsamy T, Bouwer G. Determination of the virulence of single nucleopolyhedrovirus occlusion bodies using a novel laser capture microdissection method. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1300-1304. [PMID: 32894214 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the virulence of occlusion bodies (OBs), which are the horizontal transmission structures of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs), is an important area of baculovirology. A method for inoculating an insect with an isolated OB was developed using Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) infection of second instar Helicoverpa armigera larvae as a model NPV-host pathosystem. In this novel method, laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to directly catapult single OBs onto the surface of insect diet in bioassay containers. Since exposure via the natural oral horizontal transmission route of each larva to a single OB was established and not subject to chance variation, the method facilitated determination of the insect mortality rate (4.8%) associated with exposure to single HearNPV OBs. Droplet feeding bioassays confirmed that the novel method did not reduce OB virulence. The LCM method sets a foundation for virulence and genetic diversity studies based on single NPV OBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thrishantha Munsamy
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Gustav Bouwer
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
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Optimized cutting laser trajectory for laser capture microdissection. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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