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Patloková K, Pokluda R. Optimization of Plant Nutrition in Aquaponics: The Impact of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus mojavensis on Lettuce and Basil Yield and Mineral Status. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:291. [PMID: 38256844 PMCID: PMC10821075 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to test the effect of a nutrient solution, with the addition of microbial inoculum, on the growth and mineral composition of 'Hilbert' and 'Barlach' lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa var. crispa, L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum, L.) cultivated in a vertical indoor farm. These crops were grown in four different variants of nutrient solution: (1) hydroponic; (2) aquaponic, derived from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) with rainbow trout; (3) aquaponic, treated with Trichoderma harzianum; (4) aquaponic, treated with Bacillus mojavensis. The benefits of T. harzianum inoculation were most evident in basil, where a significantly higher number of leaves (by 44.9%), a higher nitrate content (by 36.4%), and increased vitamin C (by 126.0%) were found when compared to the aquaponic variant. Inoculation with T. harzianum can be recommended for growing basil in N-limited conditions. B. mojavensis caused a higher degree of removal of Na+ and Cl- from the nutrient solution (243.1% and 254.4% higher, in comparison to the aquaponic solution). This is desirable in aquaponics as these ions may accumulate in the system solution. B. mojavensis further increased the number of leaves in all crops (by 44.9-82.9%) and the content of vitamin C in basil and 'Hilbert' lettuce (by 168.3 and 45.0%) compared to the aquaponic solution. The inoculums of both microbial species used did not significantly affect the crop yield or the activity of the biofilter. The nutrient levels in RAS-based nutrient solutions are mostly suboptimal or in a form that is unavailable to the plants; thus, their utilization must be maximized. These findings can help to reduce the required level of supplemental mineral fertilizers in aquaponics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Patloková
- Department of Vegetable Sciences and Floriculture, Mendel University in Brno, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic;
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Visualization of probiotics via epifluorescence microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). J Microbiol Methods 2021; 182:106151. [PMID: 33592223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic plate counts, the standard for bacterial enumeration in the probiotic industry, can be biased towards fast-growing organisms that replicate on synthetic media and can significantly underestimate total bacterial abundance. Culture-independent approaches such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) hold promise as a means to rapidly and accurately enumerate bacteria in probiotic products. In addition, FISH has the potential to more accurately represent bacterial growth dynamics in the environment in which products are applied without imposing additional growth constraints that are required for enumeration via plate counts. In this study, we designed and optimized three new FISH probes to visualize and quantify Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus licheniformis within probiotic products. Microscopy-based estimates were consistent or higher than label claims for Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus in both a direct fed microbial (DFM) product as well as a crop microbial biostimulant (CMB) product. Quantification with FISH after a germination experiment revealed the potential for this approach to be used after application of the product.
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Abdel-Naby MA, El-Wafa WMA, Salem GEM. Molecular characterization, catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of protease produced by a mutant of Bacillus cereus-S6-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:695-702. [PMID: 32485254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic strain Bacillus cereus-S6-3 was subjected to mutagenic treatments viz. UV irradiations and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS). The obtained mutant strain, B. cereus-S6-3/UM90 showed 1.34 fold over the parent strain. Molecular characterization of proteases from the parent (PP/S6-3) and mutant (PM/UM90) strains indicated that they were consisted of two domains and binds a zinc ion and 4 calcium ions in the active site. Amino acid sequence alignment of PM/UM90 protease showed 19 amino acid residues were substituted compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. However, both proteases contained equal number of aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids. Protease from PM/UM90 showed an effective improvement in thermal properties in terms of reaction temperature, t1/2, the values of kd, activation energy (Ea), and decimal reduction time (D) within the temperature range from 60 to 80 °C. In addition, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for substrate hydrolysis (i.e., Km, Vmax, ΔH*, ΔG*, ΔS*, kcat, Vmax/Km, kcat/Km, ΔG*E-T and ΔG*E-S) showed a significant improvement of the catalytic efficiency for PM/UM90 protease. Furthermore, the correlation between thermodynamic properties and the patterns of amino acid substitution of wild-type enzyme to has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Naby
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sui J, Ji C, Wang X, Liu Z, Sa R, Hu Y, Wang C, Li Q, Liu X. A plant growth‐promoting bacterium alters the microbial community of continuous cropping poplar trees’ rhizosphere. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1209-1220. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sui
- College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Taian China
| | - C. Ji
- College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural University Taian China
| | - X. Wang
- College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Taian China
| | - Z. Liu
- College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural University Taian China
| | - R. Sa
- School of Life Sciences Taishan Medical University Taian China
| | - Y. Hu
- College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural University Taian China
| | - C. Wang
- College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural University Taian China
| | - Q. Li
- College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural University Taian China
| | - X. Liu
- College of Forestry Shandong Agricultural University Taian China
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Posada LF, Álvarez J, Romero-Tabarez M, de-Bashan L, Villegas-Escobar V. Enhanced molecular visualization of root colonization and growth promotion by Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0575 in different growth systems. Microbiol Res 2018; 217:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Escribano-Viana R, López-Alfaro I, López R, Santamaría P, Gutiérrez AR, González-Arenzana L. Impact of Chemical and Biological Fungicides Applied to Grapevine on Grape Biofilm, Must, and Wine Microbial Diversity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:59. [PMID: 29467723 PMCID: PMC5808214 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to measure the impact of the application of a bio-fungicide against Botrytis cinerea on the microbiota involved in the alcoholic fermentation (AF) of Tempranillo Rioja wines. For this purpose, a bio-fungicide composed of the biological control bacterium Bacillus subtilis QST713 was applied to the vineyard. The microbial diversity was analyzed from grape biofilm to wine. Impact on microbial diversity was measured employing indexes assessed with the software PAST 3.10 P.D. Results were compared to non-treated samples and to samples treated with a chemical fungicide mainly composed by fenhexamid. Overall, the impact of the biological-fungicide (bio-fungicide) on the microbial diversity assessed for grape biofilm and for musts was not remarkable. Neither of the tested fungicides enhanced the growth of any species or acted against the development of any microbial groups. The bio-fungicide had no significant impact on the wine microbiota whereas the chemical fungicide caused a reduction of microbial community richness and diversity. Although environmental threats might generate a detriment of the microbial species richness, in this study the tested bio-fungicide did not modify the structure of the microbial community. Indeed, some of the Bacillus applied at the grape surface, were detected at the end of the AF showing its resilience to the harsh environment of the winemaking; in contrast, its impact on wine quality during aging is yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Escribano-Viana
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, ICVV (Gobierno de La Rioja, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, ICVV (Gobierno de La Rioja, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosa López
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, ICVV (Gobierno de La Rioja, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Pilar Santamaría
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, ICVV (Gobierno de La Rioja, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana R Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, ICVV (Gobierno de La Rioja, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Lucía González-Arenzana
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, ICVV (Gobierno de La Rioja, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
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Zulkifli SN, Rahim HA, Lau WJ. Detection of contaminants in water supply: A review on state-of-the-art monitoring technologies and their applications. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2018; 255:2657-2689. [PMID: 32288249 PMCID: PMC7126548 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Water monitoring technologies are widely used for contaminants detection in wide variety of water ecology applications such as water treatment plant and water distribution system. A tremendous amount of research has been conducted over the past decades to develop robust and efficient techniques of contaminants detection with minimum operating cost and energy. Recent developments in spectroscopic techniques and biosensor approach have improved the detection sensitivities, quantitatively and qualitatively. The availability of in-situ measurements and multiple detection analyses has expanded the water monitoring applications in various advanced techniques including successful establishment in hand-held sensing devices which improves portability in real-time basis for the detection of contaminant, such as microorganisms, pesticides, heavy metal ions, inorganic and organic components. This paper intends to review the developments in water quality monitoring technologies for the detection of biological and chemical contaminants in accordance with instrumental limitations. Particularly, this review focuses on the most recently developed techniques for water contaminant detection applications. Several recommendations and prospective views on the developments in water quality assessments will also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herlina Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Woei-Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Liu M, Li Y, Che Y, Deng S, Xiao Y. Effects of different fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake of Lolium multiflorum grown in Cd-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23363-23370. [PMID: 28842798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of different fertilizers and their combinations on growth and nutrient and Cd uptake of Lolium multiflorum. Compared with control treatment, chemical fertilizer, organic manure, and their conjunctions with biofertilizer increased shoot biomass. Biofertilizers were found to cause significant reductions in shoot biomass of plants grown in organic manure-treated and control soil. Decreased soil-available N and P and shoot N and K concentrations in biofertilizer amendment treatments indicated that plant growth and nutrient absorption might be negatively affected under nutrient deficiency conditions. Elevated shoot biomasses contributed to the highest shoot Cd contents in chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer treatments among all treatments. But the maximum translocation efficiency occurred in biofertilizer + chemical fertilizer + organic manure treatment, followed by organic manure and chemical fertilizer + organic manure treatments. Based on the results, we can conclude that the application of only the biofertilizer Bacillus subtilis should be avoided in nutrient-limited soils. Chemical fertilizer application could benefit the amount of Cd in shoots, and organic manure application and its combinations could result in the higher translocation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Liu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeye Che
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Deng
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiao
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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