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Rodrigues ABF, Passos JCDS, Costa MS. Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, using Toluidine blue on dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida krusei. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103600. [PMID: 37150491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Candida albicans is the most frequent etiological agent of candidiasis, it has been reported a sizable number of infections related to the non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, Candida krusei. In addition, dual biofilms (biofilms composed by two species) may easily occur in vivo, becoming even more challenging the treatment of an infection. The fungicide effect of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), using toluidine blue O (TBO) on both C. albicans and C. krusei development has been demonstrated. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PDT on dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida krusei. METHODS The effect of PDT was observed on the metabolic activity of mature dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida krusei by a metabolic assay based on the reduction of XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide sodium salt) assay and the identification of Candida albicans and Candida krusei was performed on CHROMagar Candida medium. RESULTS it was observed a reduction of ∼30% in the metabolic activity of a mature biofilm treated with PDT, using 0.05mg·mL-1 TBO and during biofilm formation a predominance of C. albicans on C. krusei was observed. The inhibition observed was related to reduction in the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU) of Candida albicans from 31.33 ± 3.7 to 17.0 ± 1.5. The number of CFU of C. krusei was not significantly modified. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated the efficiency of PDT in inhibiting the dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida krusei by reducing C. albicans development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Furtado Rodrigues
- Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP. Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, CEP: 12, 244-000, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliene Cristina da Silva Passos
- Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP. Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, CEP: 12, 244-000, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Maricilia Silva Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP. Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, CEP: 12, 244-000, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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Clinical Challenges of Emerging and Re-Emerging Yeast Infections in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112223. [PMID: 36363816 PMCID: PMC9695014 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the geological eras, some fungi, through adaptation and/or environmental/ecological pressure, interacted directly and indirectly with humans, through occasionally harmful interaction interdependent on the individual’s immunological condition. Infections caused by yeasts are underreported, subjugated, and underdiagnosed, and treatment is restricted to a few drugs, even after the significant progress of medicine and pharmacology. In the last centuries, antagonistically, there has been an exponential increase of immunocompromised individuals due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, increased cases of transplants, chemotherapeutics, autoimmune diseases, neoplasms, and, more recently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review aims to survey emerging and re-emerging yeast infections in the current clinical context. Currently, there is an immense clinical challenge for the rapid and correct diagnosis and treatment of systemic mycoses caused by yeasts due to the terrible increase in cases in the current context of COVID-19.
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Multiple surface interaction mechanisms direct the anchoring, co-aggregation and formation of dual-species biofilm between Candida albicans and Helicobacter pylori. J Adv Res 2022; 35:169-185. [PMID: 35024198 PMCID: PMC8721356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polymicrobial biofilms have a significant impact on pathogenesis of infectious microorganisms. Many human diseases are affected by colonization of multi-species communities affecting negatively the treatments and increase the risks for the health. In particular, in the epithelium of the stomach co-existence between C. albicans and H. pylori has been described, which has been associated to a synergistic effect on ulcer pathogenesis. Objective The objective of this work was to advance in the understanding of surface interaction between H. pylori and C. albicans for the formation of polymicrobial biofilms. Methods Studies of microbial surfaces both bacterium, yeast and co-cultures of them were carried out by infrared spectroscopy, deconvolution analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, and optic microscopy. Additional methods were used to contrast the results as dynamic light scattering, contact angle, agarose gel electrophoresis and gene amplification. Results Several surface interaction mechanisms promote the anchoring of H. pylori on C. albicans, cell co-aggregation, and polymicrobial biofilm formation, main identified interactions were: (i) hydrophobic interactions between non-polar peptide chains and lipid structures, characterized by θw among 84.9 ± 1.6 (γ = 22.78 mJ/m2 with 95.3 of dispersive contribution) and 76.6 ± 3.8 (γ = 17.34 mJ/m2, 40.2 of dispersive contribution) for C. albicans and H. pylori, respectively, (ii) hydrogen bonds between surface components of yeast and bacterium (e.g., -S-H⋅⋅⋅NH2- or -S-H⋅⋅⋅O[bond, double bond]CO-) and (iii) thiol-mediated surface interactions identified by displacements to lower wavenumbers (Δv = 5 cm-1). Evidence of internalization and electrostatic interactions were not evidenced. All observations were congruent with the biofilm formation, including the identification of small-size biostructures (i.e., 122-459 nm) associated with extracellular proteins, extracellular DNA, or outer membrane vesicles were observed characteristic of biofilm formation. Conclusion It is concluded that biofilm is formed by co-aggregation after anchoring of H. pylori on C. albicans. Several surface interactions were associated with the prevalence of H. pylori, the possibility to find C. albicans in the stomach epithelium infected by H. pylori, but also, strength interactions could be interfering in experimental observations associated with bacterial-DNA detection in culture mixtures.
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Heidrich D, Koehler A, Ramírez-Castrillón M, Pagani DM, Ferrão MF, Scroferneker ML, Corbellini VA. Rapid classification of chromoblastomycosis agents genera by infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics supervised by sequencing of rDNA regions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 254:119647. [PMID: 33744705 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a skin and subcutaneous infection caused by species of seven fungal genera. Identification of CBM species is performed by DNA sequencing of one or more genes, which becomes a time-consuming work. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used for the identification of other microorganisms, however, only one CBM genus was evaluated by FTIR analysis to date. Therefore, the study is aimed to differentiate the CBM agents for identification at genera level using FTIR supervised by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA region. Seventy-seven isolates of the main five CBM genera were prepared for Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR (ATR-FTIR) with a new methodology using slices of dry fungus in glass fixing-modeling proposed in this study. The algorithm Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was used to analyze the differences and similarities between species through the spectra. Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) allowed to correctly classify all samples of five CBM genera. The ATR-FTIR/OPLS-DA models highlighted important contributions of regions attributed to NH and OH stretching, amide I of proteins, polysaccharides bands and fingerprint region for the complete differentiation of the genera investigated. Thus, FTIR can be a fast and inexpensive alternative for identification of CBM agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Heidrich
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, CEP: 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Koehler
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, CEP: 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Ramírez-Castrillón
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CEP: 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Machado Pagani
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP: 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Flores Ferrão
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP: 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lúcia Scroferneker
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, CEP: 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP: 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
- Department of Sciences, Humanities and Education, Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Avenida Independência, 2293, CEP: 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Oliveira WF, Cabrera MP, Santos NRM, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, Neves RP, Silva MV, Santos BS, Coelho LCBB, Cabral Filho PE, Fontes A, Correia MTS. Evaluating glucose and mannose profiles in Candida species using quantum dots conjugated with Cramoll lectin as fluorescent nanoprobes. Microbiol Res 2019; 230:126330. [PMID: 31541842 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates found on cell walls of Candida species are fundamental for their pathogenicity. Laborious techniques have been employed to investigate the sugar composition of these microorganisms. Herein, we prepared a nanotool, based on the fluorescence of quantum dots (QDs) combined with the specificity of Cramoll lectin, to evaluate glucose/mannose profiles on three Candida species. The QDs-Cramoll conjugates presented specificity and bright fluorescence emission. The lectin preserved its biological activity after the conjugation process mediated by adsorption interactions. The labeling of Candida species was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry. Morphological analyses of yeasts labeled with QDs-Cramoll conjugates indicated that C. glabrata (2.7 μm) was smaller when compared to C. albicans (4.0 μm) and C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (3.8 μm). Also, C. parapsilosis population was heterogeneous, presenting rod-shaped blastoconidia. More than 90% of cells of the three species were labeled by conjugates. Inhibition and saturation assays indicated that C. parapsilosis had a higher content of exposed glucose/mannose than the other two species. Therefore, QDs-Cramoll conjugates demonstrated to be effective fluorescent nanoprobes for evaluation of glucose/mannose constitution on the cell walls of fungal species frequently involved in candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weslley F Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Cabrera
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Natália R M Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M G Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rejane P Neves
- Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Márcia V Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Beate S Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luana C B B Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Cabral Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Maria T S Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Ye JH, Huang LY, Terefe NS, Augustin MA. Fermentation-based biotransformation of glucosinolates, phenolics and sugars in retorted broccoli puree by lactic acid bacteria. Food Chem 2019; 286:616-623. [PMID: 30827654 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation on the chemical profile of autoclaved broccoli puree, using 7 broccoli-derived LAB isolates (named F1-F5, BF1 and BF2). The total concentrations of glucosinolates (glucoiberin, progoitrin and glucoraphanin) and 10 major phenolics significantly increased from trace level and 289 μg total phenolics/g dry weight (DW) respectively in autoclaved broccoli to 55 to ∼359 μg/g DW and 903 to ∼3105 μg/g DW respectively in LAB fermented broccoli puree. Differential impacts of LAB isolates on the chemical composition of autoclaved broccoli were observed, with the major differences being the significant increase in phloretic acid after fermentation by F1-F5 and an elevated glucoraphanin level in ferments by F1 and BF2. LAB fermentation is a promising way to increase the content of glucosinolates and polyphenolic compounds in broccoli, making the ferments attractive for use as functional ingredients or as a whole functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Long-Yue Huang
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
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