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Sielatycka K, Śliwa-Dominiak J, Radaczyńska M, Juzwa W, Kaczmarczyk M, Marlicz W, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Łoniewski I. Dynamics of Active Fluorescent Units (AFU) and Water Activity (a w) Changes in Probiotic Products-Pilot Study. Foods 2023; 12:4018. [PMID: 37959137 PMCID: PMC10647652 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The flow cytometry method (FCM) is a widely renowned practice increasingly used to assess the microbial viability of probiotic products. Additionally, the measurement of water activity (aw) can be used to confirm the presence of viable cells in probiotic products throughout their shelf lives. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between changes in aw and variations in active fluorescent units (AFU), a unit commonly used in flow cytometry method, during the aging of probiotic products containing freeze-dried bacteria. We controlled the stability of probiotic products for bacterial counts (using ISO 19344 method) and aw levels in commercially available capsules containing freeze-dried bacteria such as Lactobacillus sp. or combinations of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. in standard conditions (25 ± 2 °C and 60% relative humidity) over a period of 24 months. During this time, the bacterial contents decreased by 0.12 Log10 in the single-strain product, by 0.16 Log10 in the two-strain product and by 0.26 Log10 in the multi-strain product. With the increase in aw, the number of bacteria decreased but the aw at the end point of the stability study did not exceed 0.15 in each of the three tested products. FCM combined with aw is a prospective analysis that can be used to assess the stability of probiotic products, both for its ability to detect bacterial viability and for practical (analysis time) and economic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sielatycka
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Szczecin, ul. Felczaka 3c, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Sanprobi Sp. z.o.o. Sp.k., ul. Kurza Stopka 5C, 70-535 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ś.-D.); (M.R.); (M.K.); (W.M.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Joanna Śliwa-Dominiak
- Sanprobi Sp. z.o.o. Sp.k., ul. Kurza Stopka 5C, 70-535 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ś.-D.); (M.R.); (M.K.); (W.M.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Martyna Radaczyńska
- Sanprobi Sp. z.o.o. Sp.k., ul. Kurza Stopka 5C, 70-535 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ś.-D.); (M.R.); (M.K.); (W.M.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Wojciech Juzwa
- Depratment of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Sanprobi Sp. z.o.o. Sp.k., ul. Kurza Stopka 5C, 70-535 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ś.-D.); (M.R.); (M.K.); (W.M.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Sanprobi Sp. z.o.o. Sp.k., ul. Kurza Stopka 5C, 70-535 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ś.-D.); (M.R.); (M.K.); (W.M.); (I.Ł.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Sanprobi Sp. z.o.o. Sp.k., ul. Kurza Stopka 5C, 70-535 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ś.-D.); (M.R.); (M.K.); (W.M.); (I.Ł.)
- Department of Biochemical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
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Tran VN, Khan F, Han W, Luluil M, Truong VG, Yun HG, Choi S, Kim YM, Shin JH, Kang HW. Real-time monitoring of mono- and dual-species biofilm formation and eradication using microfluidic platform. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9678. [PMID: 35690659 PMCID: PMC9188611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a human host, bacterial Staphylococcus aureus and fungal Candida albicans pathogens form a mixed biofilm that causes severe mortality and morbidity. However, research on the formation and eradication of mixed biofilms under dynamic conditions is lacking. Thus, this study employed a microfluidic technique to analyze the real-time formation of mono- and dual-species (S. aureus and C. albicans) biofilms and noninvasive optical treatment of the established mature biofilm using 405-nm laser light. A herringbone mixer thoroughly mixed both bacterial and fungal cells in the growth media before being injected into the observation channels on the microfluidic chip. At a flow rate of 1.0 µL/min of growth media for 24 h, the bacterial biofilm coverage was up to 15% higher than that of the fungal biofilm (50% for bacteria vs. 35% for fungus). On the other hand, the dual-species biofilm yielded the highest coverage of ~ 96.5% because of the collective interaction between S. aureus and C. albicans. The number of cell proliferation events in S. aureus was higher than that of C. albicans for 12 h, which indicates that the S. aureus biofilm was developed faster than C. albicans. The novel in situ test platform showed a significant bactericidal effect (80%) of the 405-nm laser light at 1080 J/cm2 towards the established S. aureus biofilm, whereas the same treatment removed approximately 69% of the mixed cells in the dual-species biofilm. This study revealed that the developed microfluidic platform could be utilized to monitor the formation of dual-species biofilms in real-time and laser-induced antimicrobial effects on dual-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nam Tran
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering and Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Won Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Maknuna Luluil
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering and Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Van Gia Truong
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering and Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Yun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Joong Ho Shin
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering and Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering and Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea. .,Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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