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Lv N, Peng J, He ZQ, Wen Q, Su ZQ, Ali S, Liu CZ, Qiu BL. The Dynamic Distribution of Wolbachia and Rickettsia in AsiaII1 Bemisia tabaci. INSECTS 2023; 14:401. [PMID: 37103216 PMCID: PMC10144568 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia and Rickettsia are bacterial endosymbionts that can induce a number of reproductive abnormalities in their arthropod hosts. We screened and established the co-infection of Wolbachia and Rickettsia in Bemisia tabaci and compared the spatial and temporal distribution of Wolbachia and Rickettsia in eggs (3-120 h after spawning), nymphs, and adults of B. tabaci by qPCR quantification and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The results show that the titer of Wolbachia and Rickettsia in the 3-120 h old eggs showed a "w" patterned fluctuation, while the titers of Wolbachia and Rickettsia had a "descending-ascending descending-ascending" change process. The titers of Rickettsia and Wolbachia nymphal and the adult life stages of Asia II1 B. tabaci generally increased with the development of whiteflies. However, the location of Wolbachia and Rickettsia in the egg changed from egg stalk to egg base, and then from egg base to egg posterior, and finally back to the middle of the egg. These results will provide basic information on the quantity and localization of Wolbachia and Rickettsia within different life stages of B. tabaci. These findings help to understand the dynamics of the vertical transmission of symbiotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Qi He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zheng-Qin Su
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chang-Zhong Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Liu Y, He ZQ, Wen Q, Peng J, Zhou YT, Mandour N, McKenzie CL, Ahmed MZ, Qiu BL. Parasitoid-mediated horizontal transmission of Rickettsia between whiteflies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1077494. [PMID: 36683703 PMCID: PMC9846228 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1077494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial endosymbionts of arthropods are mainly transmitted vertically from mother to offspring, but phylogenetically distant insect hosts often harbor identical endosymbionts, indicating that horizontal transmission from one species to another occurs in nature. Here, we investigated the parasitoid Encarsia formosa-mediated horizontal transmission of the endosymbiont Rickettsia between different populations of whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. Rickettsia was successfully transmitted from the positive MEAM1 nymphs (R +) into E. formosa and retained at least for 48 h in E. formosa adults. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) visualization results revealed that the ovipositors, mouthparts, and digestive tract of parasitoid adults get contaminated with Rickettsia. Random non-lethal probing of Rickettisia-negative (R- ) MEAM1 nymphs by these Rickettsia-carrying E. formosa resulted in newly infected MEAM1 nymphs, and the vertical transmission of Rickettsia within the recipient females can remain at least up to F3 generation. Further phylogenetic analyses revealed that Rickettsia had high fidelity during the horizontal transmission in whiteflies and parasitoids. Our findings may help to explain why Rickettsia bacteria are so abundant in arthropods and suggest that, in some insect species that shared the same parasitoids, Rickettsia may be maintained in populations by horizontal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tong Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nasser Mandour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Cindy L. McKenzie
- Subtropical Insects and Horticulture Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Unite States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Z. Ahmed
- Subtropical Insects and Horticulture Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Unite States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Bao-Li Qiu,
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Ou D, Qiu JH, Su ZQ, Wang L, Qiu BL. The phylogeny and distribution of Wolbachia in two pathogen vector insects, Asian citrus psyllid and Longan psyllid. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1121186. [PMID: 36949814 PMCID: PMC10025399 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1121186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wolbachia is the most abundant bacterial endosymbiont among insects. It can play a prominent role in the development, reproduction and immunity of its given insect host. To date, Wolbachia presence is well studied within aphids, whiteflies and planthoppers, but relatively few studies have investigated its presence in psyllids. Methods Here, the infection status of Wolbachia in five species of psyllid, including Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri and longan psyllid Cornegenapsylla sinica was investigated. The phylogenetic relationships of different Wolbachia lines and their infection density and patterns in D. citri and C. sinica from different countries was also examined. Results The infection rates of Wolbachia in D. citri and C. sinica were both 100%, and their sequencing types are ST173 and ST532 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Wolbachia lines in D. citri and C. sinica both belong to the Con subgroup of Wolbachia supergroup B. In addition, Wolbachia displayed a scattered localization pattern in the 5th instar nymphs and in the reproductive organs of both D. citri and C. sinica but differed in other tissues; it was highest in the midgut, lowest in the salivary glands and medium in both the testes and ovaries. Conclusion Our findings assist in further understanding the coevolution of Wolbachia and its psyllid hosts. Given that Wolbachia could play an important role in insect pest control and pathogen transmission inhibition, our findings may also provide new insights for development of control strategies for D. citri and C. sinica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Ou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hong Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Qin Su
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bao-Li Qiu,
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Fan ZY, Liu Y, He ZQ, Wen Q, Chen XY, Khan MM, Osman M, Mandour NS, Qiu BL. Rickettsia Infection Benefits Its Whitefly Hosts by Manipulating Their Nutrition and Defense. INSECTS 2022; 13:1161. [PMID: 36555070 PMCID: PMC9785894 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbionts play an essential role in the biology, physiology and immunity of insects. Many insects, including the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, are infected with the facultative endosymbiont Rickettsia. However, the mutualism between Rickettsia and its whitefly host remains unclear. This study investigated the biological and physiological benefits of Rickettsia infection to B. tabaci. Results revealed that infection of Rickettsia increased the fertility, the survival rate from nymph to adult and the number of female whiteflies. In addition, this facilitation caused a significant reduction in nymphal developmental duration but did not affect percentage rate of egg hatching. Rickettsia infected B. tabaci had significantly higher glycogen, soluble sugar and trehalose contents than Rickettsia negative B. tabaci individuals. Rickettsia also improved the immunity of its whitefly hosts. Rickettsia infested B. tabaci had lower mortality rates and higher semi-lethal concentrations (LC50) when exposed to the fungus Akanthomyces attenuatus and the insecticides imidacloprid and spirotetramat. The percentage of parasitism by Encarsia formosa was also reduced by Rickettsia infection. Overall, Rickettsia infection benefits B. tabaci by improving the nutritional composition of its host, and also protects B. tabaci by enhancing its resistance towards insecticides (imidacloprid and spirotetramat), entomopathogenic fungi (A. attenuatus) and its main parasitoid (E. formosa); all of which could significantly impact on current management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yun Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Qi He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mohamed Osman
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Nasser Said Mandour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Shi PQ, Chen XY, Chen XS, Lv N, Liu Y, Qiu BL. Rickettsia increases its infection and spread in whitefly populations by manipulating the defense patterns of the host plant. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6145017. [PMID: 33605997 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a destructive agricultural pest that frequently harbors various species of secondary symbionts including Rickettsia. Previous studies have revealed that the infection of Rickettsia can improve whitefly performance on food plants; however, to date, no evidence has shown, if, and how, Rickettsia manipulates the plant-insect interactions. In the current study, the effects of Rickettsia persistence on the induced plant defenses and the consequent performance of whitefly B. tabaci were investigated. Results revealed that Rickettsia can be transmitted into plants via whitefly feeding and remain alive within the cotton plants for at least 2 weeks. The different expression genes of cotton plants were mostly concentrated in the phytohormone signaling pathways, the marker genes of jasmonic-acid signaling pathway (AOC, AOS, LOX, MYC2) were significantly downregulated, while the marker genes of the salicylic-acid signaling pathway (WRKY70, PR-1) were upregulated. Biological experiments revealed that the fecundity of Rickettsia negative B. tabaci significantly increased when they fed on Rickettsia-persistent cotton plants. Taken together, we provide experimental evidence that the persistence of Rickettsia and its induced defense responses in cotton plants can increase the fitness of whitefly and, by this, Rickettsia may increase its infection and spread within its whitefly host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiong Shi
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China.,Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, China
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Lv N, Peng J, Chen XY, Guo CF, Sang W, Wang XM, Ahmed MZ, Xu YY, Qiu BL. Antagonistic interaction between male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by Cardinium and Wolbachia in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:330-346. [PMID: 32339445 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardinium and Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacterial symbionts of arthropods that can manipulate host reproduction by increasing the fitness of infected females. Here, we report that Cardinium and Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) when they coexisted in a cryptic species of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Asia II7. Cardinium and Wolbachia symbionts were either singly or simultaneously localized in the bacteriocytes placed in the abdomen of B. tabaci nymphs and adults. Cardinium-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and resulted in a higher female sex ratio in the intraspecific amphigenetic progeny of Asia II7 ICWH and ICWL lines; interestingly, male-killing induction was enhanced with increased Cardinium titer. Moreover, single infection of Wolbachia induced partial CI in the Asia II7 IW line and resulted in reduced fecundity, higher embryonic mortality, and lower female sex ratio. The uninfected Asia II7 IU line had significantly higher fecundity, lower embryonic and nymphal mortalities, and a lower level of CI than both the Wolbachia-infected Asia II7 IW line and the Cardinium-Wolbachia-coinfected Asia II7 ICWH line. Our findings indicate that Cardinium-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing, which may have had antagonistic effects on Wolbachia-induced CI in the Asia II7 whiteflies. For the first time, our study revealed that B. tabaci Asia II7 reproduction is co-manipulated by Cardinium and Wolbachia endosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Sang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Muhammad Z Ahmed
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 1911 SW 34th Street, Gainesville, USA
| | - Yong-Yu Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
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