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Zhu J, Wang W, Sun W, Lei Y, Tan Q, Zhao G, Yun J, Zhao F. Overexpression of cat2 restores antioxidant properties and production traits in degenerated strains of Volvariella volvacea. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 215:94-105. [PMID: 38432262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Strain degeneration is an important factor hindering the development of the edible fungus industry. Strain degeneration is associated with the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. Catalase (CAT), an important antioxidant enzyme, can promote the clearance of ROS. In this study, the cat2 gene of Volvariella volvacea was first cloned into an overexpression plasmid via homologous recombination. Finally, through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, this plasmid was inserted into degenerated strains of V. volvacea T19. The physiological properties, antioxidant properties, ROS content, matrix degradation activity, and cultivation properties of the transformants were tested. The results showed that the cloned cat2 gene was 99.94% similar to the reference sequence. Screening revealed that six positive transformants were successfully obtained. After the overexpression of cat2, the growth rate and biomass of the mycelium increased significantly in the transformant strains (versus the V. volvacea T19 degenerated strains). Moreover, the accumulation of superoxide radical (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was significantly reduced, and the activity of the enzymes CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the expression of cat2, Mnsod1, Mnsod2, gpx, and gr was significantly upregulated, and the activity of eight matrix degradation-related enzymes was increased to varying degrees. More importantly, the overexpression of the cat2 gene promoted the regrowth of fruiting bodies in degenerated strains of V. volvacea T19. This study provides a new biotechnological strategy to control the degeneration of V. volvacea and other edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenpei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Limited Liability Company, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wanhe Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanxi Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiangfei Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gahong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengyun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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Zhang KT, Huang ZP, Xu XR, Li SH, Xu YX, Zhao Q, Zhang XM. Two new diketopiperazines from the Cordyceps fungus Samsoniella sp. XY4. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:735-740. [PMID: 37789127 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Two new diketopiperazines, namely samsoniellain A (1) and samsoniellain B (2), together with two known compounds (3, 4) were isolated from Cordyceps fungus Samsoniella sp. XY4. The planar structures of 1 and 2 were determined by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comparison of quantum chemical TDDFT calculated and experimental ECD spectra. Results of antimicrobial activity indicated that compound 2 showed weak bacteriostatic activities against S. typhimurium χ 8956, H. influenza ATCC 10211, MRSA 2024 with the MIC values of 128, 256, and 256 μg ml-1, respectively. This is the first report about secondary metabolites of Samsoniella sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Tao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kun Ming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Pu Huang
- School of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kun Ming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kun Ming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Si-Heng Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kun Ming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kun Ming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kun Ming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kun Ming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Liu X, Li RQ, Zeng QX, Li YQ, Chen XA. A Novel Zn 2Cys 6 Transcription Factor, TopC, Positively Regulates Trichodin A and Asperpyridone A Biosynthesis in Tolypocladium ophioglossoides. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2578. [PMID: 37894236 PMCID: PMC10609478 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asperpyridone A represents an unusual class of pyridone alkaloids with demonstrated potential for hypoglycemic activity, primarily by promoting glucose consumption in HepG2 cells. Trichodin A, initially isolated from the marine fungus Trichoderma sp. strain MF106, exhibits notable antibiotic activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Despite their pharmacological significance, the regulatory mechanisms governing their biosynthesis have remained elusive. In this investigation, we initiated the activation of a latent gene cluster, denoted as "top", through the overexpression of the Zn2Cys6 transcription factor TopC in Tolypocladium ophioglossoides. The activation of the top cluster led to the biosynthesis of asperpyridone A, pyridoxatin, and trichodin A. Our study also elucidated that the regulator TopC exerts precise control over the biosynthesis of asperpyridone A and trichodin A through the detection of protein-nucleic acid interactions. Moreover, by complementing these findings with gene deletions involving topA and topH, we proposed a comprehensive biosynthesis pathway for asperpyridone A and trichodin A in T. ophioglossoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- School of Medicine and the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (R.-Q.L.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Rui-Qi Li
- School of Medicine and the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (R.-Q.L.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Qing-Xin Zeng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yong-Quan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xin-Ai Chen
- School of Medicine and the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (R.-Q.L.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Gallardo-Pillancari E, González C, Barahona-Segovia RM, Ruiz C, Luz C, Humber RA, Montalva C. Natural infection of Chiromyzinae larvae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in southern Chile by Tolypocladium valdiviae sp. nov. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:845-853. [PMID: 36746556 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new species from the fungal genus Tolypocladium (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) that infects Stratiomyidae larva from the genus Hylorops is described: Tolypocladium valdiviae Gallardo-Pillancari, Montalva & González. The description is based on both genomic data and morphological characteristics. The sexual stage of T. valdiviae presents fleshy and visible stromata; unlike Tolypocladium ophioglossoides, it is smaller and emerges directly from its host and resembles Tolypocladium longisegmentis and Tolypocladium capitatum, both of which are parasites of deer truffle fungi of the genus Elaphomyces (Ascomycota: Eurotiales). In the anamorphic state, T. valdiviae presents conidiogenous cells similar in shape and arrangement to those of Tolypocladium inflatum, however T. valdiviae produces larger conidiogenous cells and, occasionally, produces chlamydospores. Phylogenetic evidence suggested that T. valdiviae is in a clade close to T. longisegmentis, T. inflatum and T. ophioglossoides, species also recognized to be parasites of fungi of the genus Elaphomyces. The new species is known so far only from Valdivia, southern Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Gallardo-Pillancari
- Laboratorio de Salud de Bosques, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Ecología Del Dosel, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Cristian González
- Laboratorio de Salud de Bosques, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo M Barahona-Segovia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuschlöcher, 1305, Osorno, Chile
| | - Cecilia Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Salud de Bosques, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christian Luz
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Richard A Humber
- USDA-ARS Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cristian Montalva
- Laboratorio de Salud de Bosques, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Gram-Level Production of Balanol through Regulatory Pathway and Medium Optimization in Herb Fungus Tolypocladium ophioglossoides. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050510. [PMID: 35628765 PMCID: PMC9143294 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potential protein kinase C inhibitor, the fungus metabolite balanol has become more attractive in recent decades. In our previous work, we revealed its biosynthetic pathway through overexpression of the cluster-situated regulator gene blnR in Chinese herb fungus Tolypocladium ophioglossoides. However, information on the regulation of blnR is still largely unknown. In this study, we further investigated the regulation of balanol biosynthesis by BlnR through the analysis of affinity binding using EMSA and RNA-seq analysis. The results showed that BlnR positively regulates balanol biosynthesis through binding to all promoters of bln gene members, including its own promoter. Microscopic observation revealed blnR overexpression also affected spore development and hypha growth. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis suggested that BlnR can regulate other genes outside of the balanol biosynthetic gene cluster, including those involved in conidiospore development. Finally, balanol production was further improved to 2187.39 mg/L using the optimized medium through statistical optimization based on response surface methodology.
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Wang G, Li Y, Yang B, Li E, Wu W, Si P, Xing F. AwAreA Regulates Morphological Development, Ochratoxin A Production, and Fungal Pathogenicity of Food Spoilage Fungus Aspergillus westerdijkiae Revealed by an Efficient Gene Targeting System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857726. [PMID: 35432249 PMCID: PMC9009206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus westerdijkiae, the producer of ochratoxin A (OTA), which is of worldwide concern, is an import fungal species in agriculture, food, and industry. Here, we got the uridine auxotrophic mutant of A. westerdijkiae by deleting AwpyrG. The ΔAwpyrG could be used for bio-transformation with exogenous AfpyrG expression cassette as a selection marker. In order to enhance the efficiency of gene targeting, Awku70 and Awlig4 were homologously deleted from ΔAwpyrG. The efficiencies of homologous replacement for ΔAwku70 and ΔAwlig4 were 95.7 and 87.0% in the deletion of AwAreA, respectively, demonstrating a drastic increase from 4.3% of the wild type (WT) strain. Furthermore, the function of AwAreA was identified with AwAreA deletion mutant and the control strain ΔAwku70. AwAreA regulated the growth and conidiation of A. westerdijkiae in response to nitrogen sources. The concentration of OTA for ΔAwku70 was in the range of 19.4 to 186.9 ng/cm2 on all kinds of nitrogen sources. The OTA production influenced by the deletion of AwAreA was different based on nitrogen sources. Pathogenicity assays on pears, grapes, salted meat, and cheese showed that AwAreA acted as a negative regulator in the infection of food substrates. Therefore, the genetic methods and engineered strains enable us to substantially expand the use of A. westerdijkiae, one of more than twenty OTA-producing fungi, in the study of mycotoxin biosynthesis and regulation, and consequently to aim at providing new ways for controlling this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bolei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erfeng Li
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peidong Si
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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