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Pun TB, Thapa Magar R, Koech R, Owen KJ, Adorada DL. Emerging Trends and Technologies Used for the Identification, Detection, and Characterisation of Plant-Parasitic Nematode Infestation in Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:3041. [PMID: 39519959 PMCID: PMC11548156 DOI: 10.3390/plants13213041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Accurate identification and estimation of the population densities of microscopic, soil-dwelling plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are essential, as PPNs cause significant economic losses in agricultural production systems worldwide. This study presents a comprehensive review of emerging techniques used for the identification of PPNs, including morphological identification, molecular diagnostics such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), high-throughput sequencing, meta barcoding, remote sensing, hyperspectral analysis, and image processing. Classical morphological methods require a microscope and nematode taxonomist to identify species, which is laborious and time-consuming. Alternatively, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has emerged as a reliable and efficient approach for PPN identification and quantification; however, the cost associated with the reagents, instrumentation, and careful optimisation of reaction conditions can be prohibitive. High-throughput sequencing and meta-barcoding are used to study the biodiversity of all tropical groups of nematodes, not just PPNs, and are useful for describing changes in soil ecology. Convolutional neural network (CNN) methods are necessary to automate the detection and counting of PPNs from microscopic images, including complex cases like tangled nematodes. Remote sensing and hyperspectral methods offer non-invasive approaches to estimate nematode infestations and facilitate early diagnosis of plant stress caused by nematodes and rapid management of PPNs. This review provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in nematology and plant protection. It highlights the importance of fast, efficient, and robust identification protocols and decision-support tools in mitigating the impact of PPNs on global agriculture and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Top Bahadur Pun
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Roniya Thapa Magar
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard Koech
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD 4760, Australia;
| | - Kirsty J. Owen
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4305, Australia
| | - Dante L. Adorada
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4305, Australia
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Zhang F, Li J, Zhang S, Chen T, Zhang H. Prevalence and species identification of trematode metacercariae in Qiqihar, Northeast China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1464988. [PMID: 39318428 PMCID: PMC11420014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1464988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fishborne trematode (FBT) is an important group of parasites that are endemic worldwide to a certain extent. However, despite the epidemiological significance, the species and phylogenetic evolution characteristics of FBT metacercariae have not been well studied. In this study, a total of 600 Pseudorasbora parva (P. parva) specimens were collected from Qiqihar, 61.8% (371/600) were found to be infected with trematode metacercariae. A total of three kinds of trematodes metacercariae were obtained, and they were identified as Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), Metorchis orientalis (M. orientalis), and Metorchis taiwanensis (M. taiwanensis) by morphological and phylogenetic analysis with infection rates of 47.7% (286/600), 15.5% (93/600), and 23.7% (142/600), respectively. Meanwhile, a survey of the three trematodes metacercariae showed that the infection rate of C. sinensis metacercariae was the highest in September, up to 66% (66/100), and the lowest in June at 26% (26/100). The infection rate of M. orientalis metacercariae was the highest in October at 26% (26/100) and the lowest in June at 5% (5/100). The infection rate of M. taiwanensis metacercariae was at its peak in November at 36% (36/100) and the lowest in July at 15% (15/100). The co-infection of metacercariae of C. sinensis and M. taiwanensis was the most common and reached a peak in October, and their infection rate was higher in autumn than in summer. The peak of infection intensity of metacercariae for C. sinensis, M. orientalis, and M. taiwanensis were different: C. sinensis was 24/g in September, M. orientalis was 7/g in October, and M. taiwanensis was 10/g in November. From the above results, it was confirmed that three species of trematodes metacercaria played an important role in infection of second intermediate hosts in Qiqihar region. Studying the morphological characteristics and sequencing the ITS2 gene for a phylogenetic tree of them will be useful for future molecular evolution, biology, and ecology of trematode metacercariae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jianke Li
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shaocheng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Rolbiecki L, Izdebska JN. Modern Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment of Parasitic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6373. [PMID: 38928081 PMCID: PMC11204150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasites are very widely distributed in the environment and form complex relationships with their hosts, forming host-parasite systems [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Rolbiecki
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Ma X, Bai X, Li H, Ding J, Zhang H, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu X, Liu M, Tang B, Xu N. A rapid and visual detection assay for Clonorchis sinensis based on recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow dipstick. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:165. [PMID: 37208693 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish-borne zoonotic clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis, is an emerging public health problem in several countries with more than 15 million people infected globally. However, a lack of accurate point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests in resource-limited areas is still a critical barrier to effective treatment and control of clonorchiasis. The development of the recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA) assay, a POC diagnostic test based on the amplification of pathogen DNA, has provided a new, simple and inexpensive tool for disease detection with high sensitivity and specificity. METHODS A novel RPA method was developed based on specific primers and probes, and combined with the dipstick, to allow for the rapid and intuitive detection of C. sinensis through the amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. The lower limit of detection for the combined RPA/lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay was evaluated using dilutions of the target DNA sequence. Cross-reactivity was evaluated using genomic DNA from 10 additional control parasites. Forty human clinical stool samples were tested to verify its performance. RESULTS The evaluated primers designed from the C. sinensis COX1 region can be used to detect adult worms, metacercariae, and eggs at 39 °C within 20 min, and the results can be visually observed using the LFD. The detection limit of pathogen genomic DNA was as low as 10 fg, and the number of metacercaria(e) in fish and egg(s) in faeces were both as low as one. This improved the sensitivity of low-infection detection tremendously. The test is species-specific, and no other related control parasites were detected. In human stool samples with eggs per gram (EPG) > 50, the RPA-LFD assay was performed consistent with conventional Kato-Katz (KK) and PCR methods. CONCLUSION The established RPA-LFD assay provides a powerful tool for the diagnosis and epidemiological survey of C. sinensis from human and animal samples, and has important implications for the effective control of clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Hongchang Li
- Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yangyuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang N, Qin H, Zhang L, Zhang S. The global prevalence of parasites in non-biting flies as vectors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:25. [PMID: 36691084 PMCID: PMC9872427 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-biting flies such as the house fly (Musca domestica), the Australian sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) and the oriental latrine fly (Chrysomya megacephala) may carry many parasites. In the present study, we performed a systematic overview of the different species of parasites carried by non-biting flies, as well as of isolation methods, different geographical distribution, seasonality and risk assessment. METHODS A meta-analysis was carried out with the aim to review the global prevalence of parasite transmission in non-biting flies. A total sample size of 28,718 non-biting flies reported in studies worldwide satisfied the predetermined selection criteria and was included in the quantitative analysis. RESULTS The global prevalence of parasites in non-biting flies was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.9-53.2%; n = 15,888/28,718), with the highest prevalence found for non-biting flies in Africa (58.3%; 95% CI 47.4-69.3%; n = 9144/13,366). A total of 43% (95% CI 32.1-54.4%; n = 7234/15,282) of house flies (M. domestica), the fly species considered to be the most closely associated with humans and animals, were found with parasites. The prevalence of parasites in the intestine of non-biting flies was 37.1% (95% CI 22.7-51.5%; n = 1045/3817), which was significantly higher than the prevalence of parasites isolated from the body surface (35.1%; 95% CI 20.8-49.4%; n = 1199/3649; P < 0.01). Of the 27 reported parasites, a total of 20 known zoonotic parasites were identified, with an infection rate of 38.1% (95% CI 28.2-48.0%; n = 13,572/28,494). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a theoretical basis for the public health and ecological significance of parasites transmitted by non-biting flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanhao Wang
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huikai Qin
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- grid.108266.b0000 0004 1803 0494College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046 People’s Republic of China ,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China ,grid.418524.e0000 0004 0369 6250Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Wiroonpan P, Chontananarth T, Chai JY, Purivirojkul W. The high diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies, and phylogenetic relationships. Parasitology 2022; 149:1-56. [PMID: 35264280 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe investigated diversity, infective situations, morphological features and phylogenetic relationships of the metacercariae in freshwater snails from Bangkok between March 2018 and February 2020. Crushing and dissection techniques were performed to explore the metacercariae in the snail hosts. Polymerase chain reaction was implemented to amplify the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S ribosomal DNA and ITS2 regions of metacercarial DNA. A total of 3173 of all 21 707 snails showed infections with metacercariae, representing a relatively high infective prevalence (14.62%) compared to earlier research. All infected snails belonged to 14 species/subspecies. A group of viviparid snails exhibited the highest metacercarial infections (26.10–82.18%). We found metacercariae with seven morphological groups. Five of them can be stated as new records of the metacercariae in Thailand, indicating a broader spectrum of larval trematode diversity. Our phylogenetic assessments established that five of the seven morphological groups can be molecularly classified into different taxonomic levels of digenean trematodes. Echinostome A metacercariae revealed the highest infective prevalence (7.15%), and their sequence data were conspecific with a sequence of Echinostoma mekongki, which is a human intestinal fluke; this finding denotes the distribution and suggests epidemiological surveillance of this medically important fluke in Bangkok and adjacent areas. However, two groups of Opisthorchiata-like and renicolid metacercariae remain unclear as to their narrow taxonomic status, although their molecular properties were considered. For more understanding about trematode transmissions in ecosystems, both physical and biological factors may be further analysed to consider the factors that relate to and contribute to trematode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichit Wiroonpan
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasitic Biotechnology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion (KAHP), Seoul, 07649, Korea
| | - Watchariya Purivirojkul
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Duflot M, Gay M, Midelet G, Kania PW, Buchmann K. Morphological and molecular identification of Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Danish seas and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) from the English Channel. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3417-3427. [PMID: 34448921 PMCID: PMC8460567 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trematode larvae (metacercariae) causing black spot disease occur frequently in gills, fins, skin and the superficial muscle layers of marine fish. Species within the genus Cryptocotyle Lühe, 1899 are frequently associated with this disease. Descriptions of the metacercarial stage are relatively limited and none has hitherto been reported from fish from the English Channel. The present study reports the morphological and molecular identifications of encysted black spot-inducing parasites from whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught respectively from the north coast of France (English Channel) and from Danish sea waters. Metacercariae were characterised morphologically based on microscopic observations and molecularly using Sanger sequencing of fragments of the mitochondrial cox1 gene and rDNA ITS region. Morphological data were compared with available data in the literature. Phylogenetic trees including reference sequences were built to confirm morphological and molecular identifications. This survey constitutes the first description of C. lingua metacercariae in the English Channel ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Duflot
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.,University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Mélanie Gay
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | | | - Per Walter Kania
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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