1
|
Overview of Antimicrobial Biodegradable Polyester-Based Formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032945. [PMID: 36769266 PMCID: PMC9917530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the clinical complications induced by microbial infections are known to have life-threatening side effects, conventional anti-infective therapy is necessary, but not sufficient to overcome these issues. Some of their limitations are connected to drug-related inefficiency or resistance and pathogen-related adaptive modifications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced antimicrobials and antimicrobial devices. A challenging, yet successful route has been the development of new biostatic or biocide agents and biomaterials by considering the indisputable advantages of biopolymers. Polymers are attractive materials due to their physical and chemical properties, such as compositional and structural versatility, tunable reactivity, solubility and degradability, and mechanical and chemical tunability, together with their intrinsic biocompatibility and bioactivity, thus enabling the fabrication of effective pharmacologically active antimicrobial formulations. Besides representing protective or potentiating carriers for conventional drugs, biopolymers possess an impressive ability for conjugation or functionalization. These aspects are key for avoiding malicious side effects or providing targeted and triggered drug delivery (specific and selective cellular targeting), and generally to define their pharmacological efficacy. Moreover, biopolymers can be processed in different forms (particles, fibers, films, membranes, or scaffolds), which prove excellent candidates for modern anti-infective applications. This review contains an overview of antimicrobial polyester-based formulations, centered around the effect of the dimensionality over the properties of the material and the effect of the production route or post-processing actions.
Collapse
|
2
|
Burden B, Rodriguez-Alvarez JS, Levi N, Gayzik FS. Application of survival analysis to model proliferation likelihood of Escherichia coli biofilm following laser-induced hyperthermia treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1001017. [PMID: 36761303 PMCID: PMC9903214 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighty percent of bacterial infections associated with living tissue and medical devices are linked to drug-resistant biofilms, leading to lengthy and costly recoveries. Laser-induced hyperthermia can disrupt cell proliferation within biofilms and increase susceptibility to antibiotics. However, there can be bacterial survival differences dependent upon laser irradiation times, and prolonged time at elevated temperature can damage healthy tissue. The objective of this study was to use survival analysis to model the impact of temperature increases on reducing viable biofilm bacteria. In vitro biofilms of Escherichia coli were grown on silicone discs or silicone doped with photothermal poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hydrate (PEDOT) nanotubes, and subjected to laser-induced hyperthermia, using a 3 W continuous wave laser at 800 nm for varying times. The number of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and maximum temperature were measured after each trial. Survival analysis was employed to estimate bacterial cell proliferation post-treatment to provide a quantitative framework for future studies evaluating photothermal inactivation of bacterial biofilms. The results demonstrate the first application of survival analysis for predicting the likelihood of bacterial cell proliferation based on temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Burden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Nicole Levi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - F. Scott Gayzik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States,*Correspondence: F. Scott Gayzik,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mandras N, Luganini A, Argenziano M, Roana J, Giribaldi G, Tullio V, Cavallo L, Prato M, Cavalli R, Cuffini AM, Allizond V, Banche G. Design, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Erythromycin-Loaded Nanodroplets to Counteract Infected Chronic Wounds Due to Streptococcus pyogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031865. [PMID: 36768189 PMCID: PMC9915227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes causes a wide spectrum of diseases varying from mild to life threatening, despite antibiotic treatment. Nanoparticle application could facilitate the foreign pathogen fight by increasing the antimicrobial effectiveness and reducing their adverse effects. Here, we designed and produced erythromycin-loaded chitosan nanodroplets (Ery-NDs), both oxygen-free and oxygen-loaded. All ND formulations were characterized for physico-chemical parameters, drug release kinetics, and tested for biocompatibility with human keratinocytes and for their antibacterial properties or interactions with S. pyogenes. All tested NDs possessed spherical shape, small average diameter, and positive Z potential. A prolonged Ery release kinetic from Ery-NDs was demonstrated, as well as a favorable biocompatibility on human keratinocytes. Confocal microscopy images showed ND uptake and internalization by S. pyogenes starting from 3 h of incubation up to 24 h. According to cell counts, NDs displayed long-term antimicrobial efficacy against streptococci significantly counteracting their proliferation up to 24 h, thanks to the known chitosan antimicrobial properties. Intriguingly, Ery-NDs were generally more effective (104-103 log10 CFU/mL), than free-erythromycin (105 log10 CFU/mL), in the direct killing of streptococci, probably due to Ery-NDs adsorption by bacteria and prolonged release kinetics of erythromycin inside S. pyogenes cells. Based on these findings, NDs and proper Ery-NDs appear to be the most promising and skin-friendly approaches for the topical treatment of streptococcal skin infections allowing wound healing during hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narcisa Mandras
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (V.A.); Tel.: +39-011-670-7163 (M.A.); +39-011-670-5644 (V.A.)
| | - Janira Roana
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Vivian Tullio
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cavallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Prato
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cuffini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Allizond
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (V.A.); Tel.: +39-011-670-7163 (M.A.); +39-011-670-5644 (V.A.)
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ponzio RA, Ibarra LE, Achilli EE, Odella E, Chesta CA, Martínez SR, Palacios RE. Sweet light o' mine: Photothermal and photodynamic inactivation of tenacious pathogens using conjugated polymers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112510. [PMID: 36049287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Each year a rising number of infections can not be successfully treated owing to the increasing pandemic of antibiotic resistant pathogens. The global shortage of innovative antibiotics fuels the emergence and spread of drug resistant microbes. Basic research, development, and applications of alternative therapies are urgently needed. Since the 90´s, light-mediated therapies have promised to be the next frontier combating multidrug-resistance microbes. These platforms have demonstrated to be a reliable, rapid, and efficient alternative to eliminate tenacious pathogens while avoiding the emergence of resistance mechanisms. Among the materials showing antimicrobial activity triggered by light, conjugated polymers (CPs) have risen as the most promising option to tackle this complex situation. These materials present outstanding characteristics such as high absorption coefficients, great photostability, easy processability, low cytotoxicity, among others, turning them into a powerful class of photosensitizer (PS)/photothermal agent (PTA) materials. Herein, we summarize and discuss the advances in the field of CPs with applications in photodynamic inactivation and photothermal therapy towards bacteria elimination. Additionally, a section of current challenges and needs in terms of well-defined benchmark experiments and conditions to evaluate the efficiency of phototherapies is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis E Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC y CONICET, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefanía E Achilli
- Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos (LaMaBio), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-IMBICE (CONICET), Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Chesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sol R Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|