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Sirago G, Conte E, Fracasso F, Cormio A, Fehrentz JA, Martinez J, Musicco C, Camerino GM, Fonzino A, Rizzi L, Torsello A, Lezza AMS, Liantonio A, Cantatore P, Pesce V. Growth hormone secretagogues hexarelin and JMV2894 protect skeletal muscle from mitochondrial damages in a rat model of cisplatin-induced cachexia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13017. [PMID: 29026190 PMCID: PMC5638899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy can cause cachexia, which consists of weight loss associated with muscle atrophy. The exact mechanisms underlying this skeletal muscle toxicity are largely unknown and co-therapies to attenuate chemotherapy-induced side effects are lacking. By using a rat model of cisplatin-induced cachexia, we here characterized the mitochondrial homeostasis in tibialis anterior cachectic muscle and evaluated the potential beneficial effects of the growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) hexarelin and JMV2894 in this setting. We found that cisplatin treatment caused a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, NRF-1, TFAM, mtDNA, ND1), mitochondrial mass (Porin and Citrate synthase activity) and fusion index (MFN2, Drp1), together with changes in the expression of autophagy-related genes (AKT/FoxO pathway, Atg1, Beclin1, LC3AII, p62) and enhanced ROS production (PRX III, MnSOD). Importantly, JMV2894 and hexarelin are capable to antagonize this chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, our findings reveal a key-role played by mitochondria in the mechanism responsible for GHS beneficial effects in skeletal muscle, strongly indicating that targeting mitochondrial dysfunction might be a promising area of research in developing therapeutic strategies to prevent or limit muscle wasting in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sirago
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Conte
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Flavio Fracasso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Cormio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules UMR5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Clara Musicco
- IBBE Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Fonzino
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Serena Lezza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Liantonio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Palmiro Cantatore
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cells is organized in nucleoids containing DNA and various proteins. This review discusses questions of organization and structural dynamics of nucleoids as well as their protein components. The structures of mt-nucleoid from different organisms are compared. The currently accepted model of nucleoid organization is described and questions needing answers for better understanding of the fine mechanisms of the mitochondrial genetic apparatus functioning are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kolesnikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Shamsipur M, Nasirian V, Mansouri K, Barati A, Veisi-Raygani A, Kashanian S. A highly sensitive quantum dots-DNA nanobiosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer for rapid detection of nanomolar amounts of human papillomavirus 18. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 136:140-147. [PMID: 28081500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A very sensitive and convenient nanobiosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was developed for the detection of a 22-mer oligonucleotides sequence in Human Papillomavirus 18 virus (HPV18) gene. For this purpose, water-soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized and, subsequently, amino-modified 11-mer oligonucleotide as one of the two necessary probes was attached to QDs surface to form functional QDs-DNA conjugates. Right after addition of the QDs-DNA and a second Cyanine5 (Cy5)-labeled 11-mer oligonucleotide probe to the DNA target solution, the sandwiched hybrids were formed. The resulting hybridization brings the Cy5 fluorophore as the acceptor to close proximity of the QDs as donor, so that an effective transfer of energy from the excited QDs to the Cy5 probe would occur via FRET processing. The fluorescence intensity of Cy5 found to linearly enhance by increasing the DNA target concentration from 1.0 to 50.0nM, with a detection limit of 0.2nM. This homogeneous DNA detection method does not require excessive washing and separation steps of un-hybridized DNA, due to the fact that no FRET can be observed when the probes are not ligated. Finally, feasibility and selectivity of the proposed one-spot DNA detection nanobiosensor were investigated by analysis of derived nucleotides from HPV18 and mismatched sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Nasirian
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Barati
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Veisi-Raygani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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