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Kolko M, Mouhammad ZA, Cvenkel B. Is fat the future for saving sight? Bioactive lipids and their impact on glaucoma. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108412. [PMID: 37037408 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by a continuous loss of retinal ganglion cells. The cause of glaucoma is associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), but the underlying pathophysiology is diverse and, in most cases, unknown. There is an indisputable unmet need to identify new pathways involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that bioactive lipids may be critical in the development and progression of glaucoma. Preclinical and clinical bioactive lipid targets exist and are being developed. In this review, we aim to shed light on the potential of bioactive lipids for the prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of glaucoma by asking the question "is fat the future for saving sight".
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | | | - Barbara Cvenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Rezaei M, Faramarzpour M, Shobeiri P, Seyedmirzaei H, Sarasyabi MS, Dabiri S. A systematic review, meta-analysis, and network analysis of diagnostic microRNAs in glaucoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:137. [PMID: 36973823 PMCID: PMC10041737 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative process of the optic nerve that is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and early diagnosis of the disease could greatly affect patients' prognoses. The pathophysiology of glaucoma is complicated by a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors. Deciphering the early diagnostic biomarkers in glaucoma could attenuate the disease's global burden and help us understand the exact mechanisms involved in glaucoma. The microRNAs are members of a larger family of non-coding RNAs that play an essential role in the epigenetic basis of glaucoma. A systematic study and meta-analysis of diagnostic microRNAs in glaucoma, jointly with network analysis of target genes, were carried out on published papers assessing differentially expressed microRNAs in human subjects. In total, 321 articles were found, and, after screening, six studies were eligible for further analysis. 52 differentially expressed microRNAs were found, of which 28 and 24 were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Only 12 microRNAs were qualified for meta-analysis, with overall sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 74%, respectively. Then, using network analysis, it became apparent that the VEGF-A, AKT1, CXCL12, and HRAS genes were the most important targets for the microRNAs. Perturbations in WNT signaling, protein transport, and extracellular matrix organization pathways were discovered to be important in the etiology of glaucoma using the community detection approach. This study tries to uncover the promising microRNAs and their target genes that govern the epigenetics of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rezaei
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Faramarzpour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Seyedmirzaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifi Sarasyabi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Du HY, Wang R, Li JL, Luo H, Xie XY, Yan R, Jian YL, Cai JY. Ligustrazine induces viability, suppresses apoptosis and autophagy of retinal ganglion cells with ischemia/reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:507-515. [PMID: 33522374 PMCID: PMC8806313 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1880060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligustrazine, an alkaloid monomer extracted from Chuanxiong Rhizoma, has the function of protecting nerve cells. However, the effect and mechanism of ligustrazine on retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury still need to be clarified. In our study, retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) were used to establish a retinal I/R injury model by anaerobic cultivation. Cell viability, autophagy, and apoptosis were evaluated by cell counting kit 8 assay, transmission electron microscopy, and TUNEL staining after treatment with ligustrazine, PI3K inhibitor Ly294002, and/or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, respectively. Besides, the levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and autophagy-related proteins were determined by western blot. Moreover, one-way ANOVA was adopted for inter-group comparisons of measurement data. Our results demonstrated that low-concentration ligustrazine significantly enhanced cell viability and suppressed cell autophagy and apoptosis of RGC-5 cells after I/R injury, suggesting the protective effect of low-concentration ligustrazine on retinal I/R injury. Moreover, the alleviating effect of ligustrazine on RGC-5 with retinal I/R injury was mechanistically associated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, low-concentration ligustrazine has a significant protective effect on RGC-5 cells with retinal I/R injury by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ling Jian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ying Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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4
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Yao A, Wijngaarden P. Metabolic pathways in context:
mTOR
signalling in the retina and optic nerve ‐ A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:1072-1084. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yao
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Jagtvej 160, Building 22, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; Zealand University Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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