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Shatalina E, Whitehurst TS, Onwordi EC, Gilbert BJ, Rizzo G, Whittington A, Mansur A, Tsukada H, Marques TR, Natesan S, Rabiner EA, Wall MB, Howes OD. Mitochondrial complex I density is associated with IQ and cognition in cognitively healthy adults: an in vivo [ 18F]BCPP-EF PET study. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38632153 PMCID: PMC11024075 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial function plays a key role in regulating neurotransmission and may contribute to general intelligence. Mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) is the largest enzyme of the respiratory chain. Recently, it has become possible to measure MC-I distribution in vivo, using a novel positron emission tomography tracer [18F]BCPP-EF, thus, we set out to investigate the association between MC-I distribution and measures of cognitive function in the living healthy brain. RESULTS Analyses were performed in a voxel-wise manner and identified significant associations between [18F]BCPP-EF DVRCS-1 in the precentral gyrus and parietal lobes and WAIS-IV predicted IQ, WAIS-IV arithmetic and WAIS-IV symbol-digit substitution scores (voxel-wise Pearson's correlation coefficients transformed to Z-scores, thresholded at Z = 2.3 family-wise cluster correction at p < 0.05, n = 16). Arithmetic scores were associated with middle frontal and post-central gyri tracer uptake, symbol-digit substitution scores were associated with precentral gyrus tracer uptake. RAVLT recognition scores were associated with [18F]BCPP-EF DVRCS-1 in the middle frontal gyrus, post-central gyrus, occipital and parietal regions (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings support the theory that mitochondrial function may contribute to general intelligence and indicate that interindividual differences in MC-I should be a key consideration for research into mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shatalina
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK.
| | - Thomas S Whitehurst
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ellis Chika Onwordi
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sridhar Natesan
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
- Invicro, London, UK
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Invicro, London, UK
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
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2
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Real CC, Binda KH, Thomsen MB, Lillethorup TP, Brooks DJ, Landau AM. Selecting the Best Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease for Your Research Purpose: Insight from in vivo PET Imaging Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1241-1272. [PMID: 36797611 PMCID: PMC10286593 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230216101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative multisystem disorder leading to motor and non-motor symptoms in millions of individuals. Despite intense research, there is still no cure, and early disease biomarkers are lacking. Animal models of PD have been inspired by basic elements of its pathogenesis, such as dopamine dysfunction, alpha-synuclein accumulation, neuroinflammation and disruption of protein degradation, and these have been crucial for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of pathology, the identification of biomarkers, and evaluation of novel therapies. Imaging biomarkers are non-invasive tools to assess disease progression and response to therapies; their discovery and validation have been an active field of translational research. Here, we highlight different considerations of animal models of PD that can be applied to future research, in terms of their suitability to answer different research questions. We provide the reader with important considerations of the best choice of model to use based on the disease features of each model, including issues related to different species. In addition, positron emission tomography studies conducted in PD animal models in the last 5 years are presented. With a variety of different species, interventions and genetic information, the choice of the most appropriate model to answer research questions can be daunting, especially since no single model recapitulates all aspects of this complex disorder. Appropriate animal models in conjunction with in vivo molecular imaging tools, if selected properly, can be a powerful combination for the assessment of novel therapies and developing tools for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cristiano Real
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Majken Borup Thomsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea Pinholt Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David James Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle, Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne Marlene Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Venkataraman AV, Mansur A, Rizzo G, Bishop C, Lewis Y, Kocagoncu E, Lingford-Hughes A, Huiban M, Passchier J, Rowe JB, Tsukada H, Brooks DJ, Martarello L, Comley RA, Chen L, Schwarz AJ, Hargreaves R, Gunn RN, Rabiner EA, Matthews PM. Widespread cell stress and mitochondrial dysfunction occur in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabk1051. [PMID: 35976998 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abk1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell stress and impaired oxidative phosphorylation are central to mechanisms of synaptic loss and neurodegeneration in the cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we quantified the in vivo expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, sigma 1 receptor (S1R), using [11C]SA4503 positron emission tomography (PET), the mitochondrial complex I (MC1) with [18F]BCPP-EF, and the presynaptic vesicular protein SV2A with [11C]UCB-J in 12 patients with early AD and in 16 cognitively normal controls. We integrated these molecular measures with assessments of regional brain volumes and cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured with magnetic resonance imaging arterial spin labeling. Eight patients with AD were followed longitudinally to estimate the rate of change of the physiological and structural pathology markers with disease progression. The patients showed widespread increases in S1R (≤ 27%) and regional reduction in MC1 (≥ -28%) and SV2A (≥ -25%) radioligand binding, brain volume (≥ -23%), and CBF (≥ -26%). [18F]BCPP-EF PET MC1 binding (≥ -12%) and brain volumes (≥ -5%) showed progressive reductions over 12 to 18 months, suggesting that they both could be used as pharmacodynamic indicators in early-stage therapeutics trials. Associations of reduced MC1 and SV2A and increased S1R radioligand binding with reduced cognitive performance in AD, although exploratory, suggested a loss of metabolic functional reserve with disease. Our study thus provides in vivo evidence for widespread, clinically relevant cellular stress and bioenergetic abnormalities in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin V Venkataraman
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Gaia Rizzo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Invicro LLC, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hideo Tsukada
- Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4348601, Japan
| | - David J Brooks
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roger N Gunn
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Invicro LLC, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro LLC, London W12 0NN, UK.,King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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4
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Fang J, Ohba H, Hashimoto F, Tsukada H, Chen F, Liu H. Imaging mitochondrial complex I activation during a vibrotactile stimulation: A PET study using [ 18F]BCPP-EF in the conscious monkey brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2521-2532. [PMID: 31948325 PMCID: PMC7820687 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the capability of 2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-{6-[2-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)-ethoxy]-pyridin-3-ylmethoxy}-2H-pyridazin-3-one ([18F]BCPP-EF), a novel positron emission tomography (PET) probe for mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) activity, to assess neuronal activation, an activation PET study was conducted in the conscious monkey brain with a continuous unilateral vibrotactile stimulation. PET scans with [15O]H2O, [18F]BCPP-EF, or 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose ([18F]FDG) were conducted under: (1) resting conditions; (2) a continuous vibration stimulation; (3) a continuous vibration stimulation after 15-min pre-vibration; and (4) a continuous vibration stimulation after 30-min pre-vibration. The contralateral/ipsilateral ratio (CIR) in the somatosensory cortex showed significant increases in the uptake of [15O]H2O, [18F]BCPP-EF, and [18F]FDG with the vibration stimulation. The longer pre-vibration duration induced significantly lower CIR in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured using [15O]H2O, whereas it did not affect the CIR in [18F]BCPP-EF or the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) measured using [18F]FDG 30-60 min after the injection. These results suggest that the [18F]BCPP-EF response in the later phase of scans was not influenced by the increase in rCBF, indicating the capability of [18F]BCPP-EF to detect acute changes in MC-I activity induced by neuronal activation. However, the metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidation was not observed under the stimulation used here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwan Fang
- Bio-X Laboratory, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hiroyuki Ohba
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Hashimoto
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Feiyan Chen
- Bio-X Laboratory, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Saeki S, Ohba H, Ube Y, Tanaka K, Haruyama W, Uchii M, Kitayama T, Tsukada H, Shimada T. Positron emission tomography imaging of renal mitochondria is a powerful tool in the study of acute and progressive kidney disease models. Kidney Int 2020; 98:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Belloli S, Morari M, Murtaj V, Valtorta S, Moresco RM, Gilardi MC. Translation Imaging in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:152. [PMID: 32581765 PMCID: PMC7289967 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the appearance of α-synuclein insoluble aggregates known as Lewy bodies. Neurodegeneration is accompanied by neuroinflammation mediated by cytokines and chemokines produced by the activated microglia. Several studies demonstrated that such an inflammatory process is an early event, and contributes to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions. α-synuclein fibrillization and aggregation activate microglia and contribute to disease onset and progression. Mutations in different genes exacerbate the inflammatory phenotype in the monogenic compared to sporadic forms of PD. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) with selected radiopharmaceuticals allow in vivo imaging of molecular modifications in the brain of living subjects. Several publications showed a reduction of dopaminergic terminals and dopamine (DA) content in the basal ganglia, starting from the early stages of the disease. Moreover, non-dopaminergic neuronal pathways are also affected, as shown by in vivo studies with serotonergic and glutamatergic radiotracers. The role played by the immune system during illness progression could be investigated with PET ligands that target the microglia/macrophage Translocator protein (TSPO) receptor. These agents have been used in PD patients and rodent models, although often without attempting correlations with other molecular or functional parameters. For example, neurodegeneration and brain plasticity can be monitored using the metabolic marker 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose ([18F]-FDG), while oxidative stress can be probed using the copper-labeled diacetyl-bis(N-methyl-thiosemicarbazone) ([Cu]-ATSM) radioligand, whose striatal-specific binding ratio in PD patients seems to correlate with a disease rating scale and motor scores. Also, structural and functional modifications during disease progression may be evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), using different parameters as iron content or cerebral volume. In this review article, we propose an overview of in vivo clinical and non-clinical imaging research on neuroinflammation as an emerging marker of early PD. We also discuss how multimodal-imaging approaches could provide more insights into the role of the inflammatory process and related events in PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Murtaj
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), Milan, Italy.,Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gilardi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Milan, Italy.,Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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7
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Wilson H, Pagano G, de Natale ER, Mansur A, Caminiti SP, Polychronis S, Middleton LT, Price G, Schmidt KF, Gunn RN, Rabiner EA, Politis M. Mitochondrial Complex 1, Sigma 1, and Synaptic Vesicle 2A in Early Drug-Naive Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1416-1427. [PMID: 32347983 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of mitochondrial energy generation may contribute to neurodegeneration, leading to synaptic loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to find cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in PET markers of synaptic vesicle protein 2A, sigma 1 receptor, and mitochondrial complex 1 in drug-naive PD patients. METHODS Twelve early drug-naive PD patients and 16 healthy controls underwent a 3-Tesla MRI and PET imaging to quantify volume of distribution of [11 C]UCB-J, [11 C]SA-4503, and [18 F]BCPP-EF for synaptic vesicle protein 2A, sigma 1 receptor, and mitochondrial complex 1, respectively. Nine PD patients completed approximately 1-year follow-up assessments. RESULTS Reduced [11 C]UCB-J volume of distribution in the caudate, putamen, thalamus, brain stem, and dorsal raphe and across cortical regions was observed in drug-naive PD patients compared with healthy controls. [11 C]UCB-J volume of distribution was reduced in the locus coeruleus and substantia nigra but did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences were found in [11 C]SA-4503 and [18 F]BCPP-EF volume of distribution in PD compared with healthy controls. Lower brain stem [11 C]UCB-J volume of distribution correlated with Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III and total scores. No significant longitudinal changes were identified in PD patients at follow-up compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS Our findings represent the first in vivo evidence of mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and synaptic dysfunction in drug-naive PD patients. Synaptic dysfunction likely occurs early in disease pathophysiology and has relevance to symptomatology. Mitochondrial complex 1 and sigma 1 receptor pathology warrants further investigations in PD. Studies in larger cohorts with longer follow-up will determine the validity of these PET markers to track disease progression. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK.,Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Edoardo Rosario de Natale
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK.,Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Ayla Mansur
- Invicro, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Silvia Paola Caminiti
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Sotirios Polychronis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Lefkos T Middleton
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.,Public Health Directorate, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, UK.,MINDMAPS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Geraint Price
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.,MINDMAPS Consortium, London, UK
| | | | - Roger N Gunn
- Invicro, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.,MINDMAPS Consortium, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,MINDMAPS Consortium, London, UK.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, University of Exeter Medical School, London, UK.,Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.,MINDMAPS Consortium, London, UK
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8
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Helmich RC, Vaillancourt DE, Brooks DJ. The Future of Brain Imaging in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 8:S47-S51. [PMID: 30584163 PMCID: PMC6311365 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with distinct abnormalities in brain function and structure. Here we discuss how future developments in functional, structural and nuclear brain imaging may help us to better understand, diagnose, and potentially even treat PD. These new horizons may be reached by developing tracers that specifically bind to alpha synuclein, by looking into different places in the body (such as the gut) or in smaller cerebral nuclei (with improved spatial resolution), and by developing new approaches for quantifying and interpreting altered dynamics in large-scale brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick C Helmich
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- University of Florida, Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Neurology, and Biomedical Engineering, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, Division of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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9
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Sakai T, Ohba H, Nishiyama S, Kakiuchi T, Inoue O, Tsukada H. Sensitive and early detection of mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver of NASH model mice by PET imaging with 18F-BCPP-BF. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:61. [PMID: 30014266 PMCID: PMC6047947 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common disorder that progresses from simple fatty liver (steatosis) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It is thought that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the progression of NASH. In this study, we developed a non-invasive method for early diagnosis and staging of NASH that directly measures mitochondrial complex-I (MC-I) activity in the liver of NASH model mice by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the novel tracer 2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-[6-(4-[18F]fluorobutoxy)-pyridin-3-ylmethoxy]-2H-pyridazin-3-one (18F-BCPP-BF). Liver uptake of 18F-BCPP-BF in NASH and age-matched control mice was measured as a standard uptake value over a period of 1 to 12 weeks. Histopathological evaluation of the liver tissue was performed by haematoxylin and eosin staining, and fibrosis was assessed by Masson's trichrome staining. RESULTS Significant mitochondrial dysfunction was detected as early as 1 week after commencing the diet, and MC-I activity in the liver measured by PET was reduced by > 50% relative to that in age-matched control mice after 6 weeks. Liver uptake of 18F-BCPP-BF was low throughout the 12-week experimental period. Histopathological examination revealed that steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning progressed from 1 to 6 weeks, with fibrosis observed from 6 to 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS PET scans and histopathological analysis revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver contributed to the progression of NASH. PET imaging with 18F-BCPP-BF is a useful tool for detecting NASH at early stages and for monitoring therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Sakai
- Hot Laboratory, Hanwa Intelligent Medical Center, Hanwa Daini Senboku Hospital, 3176 Fukai Kitamachi, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8271, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ohba
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Sizuoka, 434-8601, Japan
| | - Shingo Nishiyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Sizuoka, 434-8601, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kakiuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Sizuoka, 434-8601, Japan
| | - Osamu Inoue
- Hot Laboratory, Hanwa Intelligent Medical Center, Hanwa Daini Senboku Hospital, 3176 Fukai Kitamachi, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8271, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Sizuoka, 434-8601, Japan
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