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Astafiev AA, Shakhov AM, Osychenko AA, Martirosyan DY, Tochilo WA, Zalessky AD, Syrchina MS, Karmenyan AV, Cheng CL, Nadtochenko VA. Femtosecond Laser Microsurgery of Mouse Oocytes: Formation and Dynamics of Cavitation Bubbles Under the Action of Sharply Focused Laser Radiation on Various Oocyte Zones. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793123010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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2
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de Medeiros G, Kromm D, Balazs B, Norlin N, Günther S, Izquierdo E, Ronchi P, Komoto S, Krzic U, Schwab Y, Peri F, de Renzis S, Leptin M, Rauzi M, Hufnagel L. Cell and tissue manipulation with ultrashort infrared laser pulses in light-sheet microscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1942. [PMID: 32029815 PMCID: PMC7005178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional live imaging has become an indispensable technique in the fields of cell, developmental and neural biology. Precise spatio-temporal manipulation of biological entities is often required for a deeper functional understanding of the underlying biological process. Here we present a home-built integrated framework and optical design that combines three-dimensional light-sheet imaging over time with precise spatio-temporal optical manipulations induced by short infrared laser pulses. We demonstrate their potential for sub-cellular ablation of neurons and nuclei, tissue cauterization and optogenetics by using the Drosophila melanogaster and zebrafish model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Medeiros
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstr. 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Kromm
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Balint Balazs
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Luxendo GmbH, Kurfürsten-Anlage 58, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Norlin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emiliano Izquierdo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shinya Komoto
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Uros Krzic
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schwab
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Peri
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano de Renzis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Leptin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matteo Rauzi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France.
| | - Lars Hufnagel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hanley L, Wickramasinghe R, Yung YP. Laser Desorption Combined with Laser Postionization for Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:225-245. [PMID: 30786215 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lasers with pulse lengths from nanoseconds to femtoseconds and wavelengths from the mid-infrared to extreme ultraviolet (UV) have been used for desorption or ablation in mass spectrometry. Such laser sampling can often benefit from the addition of a second laser for postionization of neutrals. The advantages offered by laser postionization include the ability to forego matrix application, high lateral resolution, decoupling of ionization from desorption, improved analysis of electrically insulating samples, and potential for high sensitivity and depth profiling while minimizing differential detection. A description of postionization by vacuum UV radiation is followed by a consideration of multiphoton, short pulse, and other postionization strategies. The impacts of laser pulse length and wavelength are considered for laser desorption or laser ablation at low pressures. Atomic and molecular analysis via direct laser desorption/ionization using near-infrared ultrashort pulses is described. Finally, the postionization of clusters, the role of gaseous collisions, sampling at ambient pressure, atmospheric pressure photoionization, and the addition of UV postionization to MALDI are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA;
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Zhu Y, He H. Molecular response of mitochondria to a short-duration femtosecond-laser stimulation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4965-4973. [PMID: 29188094 PMCID: PMC5695944 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The research of mitochondrial dysfunction is of great importance and implicated in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Traditionally, to investigate mitochondrial dynamics and functions, mitochondria are usually stimulated indirectly by treating cells with exogenous chemicals like oxidative agents. Such treatment lacks precision and controllability, and will simultaneously activate unknown complex cell processes. In this study, we report that two-photon 100-μs line scan by a femtosecond laser can induce restorable fragmentation or swelling of any targeted mitochondria instead of ablation or disruption. It can be defined by a customized two-photon line scan and inserted into any microscopy sequence as a single frame. The mitochondrial response is dependent on the peak power of laser pulses, cellular oxidative environment, and membrane permeability transition pores of mitochondria. The translocation of cytochrome C and Bax can be regulated by the photostimulation. Moreover, significant upregulation of Bcl-2 can be observed if the whole cell is stimulated. Those results suggest the mitochondrial and molecular response to photostimulation is quite complex. This femtosecond-laser stimulation method can thus provide a very noninvasive, precise, and controllable method to stimulate single target mitochondria for related biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Cui Y, Veryovkin IV, Majeski MW, Cavazos DR, Hanley L. High Lateral Resolution vs Molecular Preservation in near-IR fs-Laser Desorption Postionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 87:367-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5041154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Igor V. Veryovkin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Michael W. Majeski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Daniel R. Cavazos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Luke Hanley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Käpylä E, Sedlačík T, Aydogan DB, Viitanen J, Rypáček F, Kellomäki M. Direct laser writing of synthetic poly(amino acid) hydrogels and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates by two-photon polymerization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:280-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bhardwaj C, Hanley L. Ion sources for mass spectrometric identification and imaging of molecular species. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:756-67. [PMID: 24473154 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 The ability to transfer molecular species to the gas phase and ionize them is central to the study of natural products and other molecular species by mass spectrometry (MS). MS-based strategies in natural products have focused on a few established ion sources, such as electron impact and electrospray ionization. However, a variety of other ion sources are either currently in use to evaluate natural products or show significant future promise. This review discusses these various ion sources in the context of other articles in this special issue, but is also applicable to other fields of analysis, including materials science. Ion sources are grouped based on the current understanding of their predominant ion formation mechanisms. This broad overview groups ion sources into the following categories: electron ionization and single photon ionization; chemical ionization-like and plasma-based; electrospray ionization; and, laser desorption-based. Laser desorption-based methods are emphasized with specific examples given for laser desorption postionization sources and their use in the analysis of intact microbial biofilms. Brief consideration is given to the choice of ion source for various sample types and analyses, including MS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, mc 111, Chicago, IL 60607-7061.
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Ovsianikov A, Mironov V, Stampfl J, Liska R. Engineering 3D cell-culture matrices: multiphoton processing technologies for biological and tissue engineering applications. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 9:613-33. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.12.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sanders J, Nagy S, Fetterman G, Wright C, Treinin M, Biron D. The Caenorhabditis elegans interneuron ALA is (also) a high-threshold mechanosensor. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:156. [PMID: 24341457 PMCID: PMC3878553 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To survive dynamic environments, it is essential for all animals to appropriately modulate their behavior in response to various stimulus intensities. For instance, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans suppresses the rate of egg-laying in response to intense mechanical stimuli, in a manner dependent on the mechanosensory neurons FLP and PVD. We have found that the unilaterally placed single interneuron ALA acted as a high-threshold mechanosensor, and that it was required for this protective behavioral response. RESULTS ALA was required for the inhibition of egg-laying in response to a strong (picking-like) mechanical stimulus, characteristic of routine handling of the animals. Moreover, ALA did not respond physiologically to less intense touch stimuli, but exhibited distinct physiological responses to anterior and posterior picking-like touch, suggesting that it could distinguish between spatially separated stimuli. These responses required neither neurotransmitter nor neuropeptide release from potential upstream neurons. In contrast, the long, bilaterally symmetric processes of ALA itself were required for producing its physiological responses; when they were severed, responses to stimuli administered between the cut and the cell body were unaffected, while responses to stimuli administered posterior to the cut were abolished. CONCLUSION C. elegans neurons are typically classified into three major groups: sensory neurons with specialized sensory dendrites, interneurons, and motoneurons with neuromuscular junctions. Our findings suggest that ALA can autonomously sense intense touch and is thus a dual-function neuron, i.e., an interneuron as well as a novel high-threshold mechanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David Biron
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Cui Y, Moore JF, Milasinovic S, Liu Y, Gordon RJ, Hanley L. Depth profiling and imaging capabilities of an ultrashort pulse laser ablation time of flight mass spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:093702. [PMID: 23020378 PMCID: PMC3461015 DOI: 10.1063/1.4750974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An ultrafast laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometer (AToF-MS) and associated data acquisition software that permits imaging at micron-scale resolution and sub-micron-scale depth profiling are described. The ion funnel-based source of this instrument can be operated at pressures ranging from 10(-8) to ~0.3 mbar. Mass spectra may be collected and stored at a rate of 1 kHz by the data acquisition system, allowing the instrument to be coupled with standard commercial Ti:sapphire lasers. The capabilities of the AToF-MS instrument are demonstrated on metal foils and semiconductor wafers using a Ti:sapphire laser emitting 800 nm, ~75 fs pulses at 1 kHz. Results show that elemental quantification and depth profiling are feasible with this instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Milasinovic S, Liu Y, Bhardwaj C, Melvin BM, Gordon RJ, Hanley L. Feasibility of depth profiling of animal tissue by ultrashort pulse laser ablation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3945-51. [PMID: 22482364 PMCID: PMC3371643 DOI: 10.1021/ac300557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed to examine the feasibility of mass spectrometry (MS) depth profiling of animal tissue by ~75 fs, 800 nm laser pulses to expose underlying layers of tissue for subsequent MS analysis. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was used to analyze phospholipids and proteins from both intact bovine eye lens tissue and tissue ablated by ultrashort laser pulses. Laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry (LDPI-MS) with 10.5 eV single photon ionization was also used to analyze cholesterol and other small molecules in the tissue before and after laser ablation. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to examine the ablation patterns in the tissue and estimate the depth of the ablation craters. Ultrashort pulse laser ablation was found to be able to remove a layer of several tens of micrometers from the surface of eye lens tissue while leaving the underlying tissue relatively undamaged for subsequent MS analysis. MS analysis of cholesterol, phospholipids, peptides, and various unidentified species did not reveal any chemical damage caused by ultrashort pulse laser ablation for analytes smaller than ~6 kDa. However, a drop in intensity of larger protein ions was detected by MALDI-MS following laser ablation. An additional advantage was that ablated tissue displayed up to an order of magnitude higher signal intensities than intact tissue when subsequently analyzed by MS. These results support the use of ultrashort pulse laser ablation in combination with MS analysis to permit depth profiling of animal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Milasinovic
- Department of Chemistry, m/c 111, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061
| | - Yaoming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, m/c 111, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061
| | - Chhavi Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, m/c 111, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061
| | - Blaze M.T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, m/c 111, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061
| | - Robert J. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, m/c 111, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061
| | - Luke Hanley
- Department of Chemistry, m/c 111, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7061
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Umanzor-Alvarez J, Wade EC, Gifford A, Nontapot K, Cruz-Reese A, Gotoh T, Sible JC, Khodaparast GA. Near-infrared laser delivery of nanoparticles to developing embryos: a study of efficacy and viability. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:519-24. [PMID: 21381199 PMCID: PMC3123463 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of materials to individual cells remains a challenge in nanoscience and nanomedicine. Near infrared (NIR) laser injection may be a promising alternative to manual injection (where the micropipet diameter limits targeting to small cells) or other laser techniques (such as picosecond green and UV lasers, which can be damaging to cells). However, the efficiency with which NIR pulses can deliver nanoparticles and any adverse effects on living cells needs thorough testing. Toward this end, we have determined the efficacy and toxicity of delivering quantum dots (QDs) into cells of Xenopus laevis embryos by NIR laser injection. Because this model system provides not only living cells but also a developing organism, we were able to assess relatively long-term effects of NIR pulses on embryonic development (through the tadpole stage). We developed parameters for NIR pulses that did not affect embryonic viability or morphology and delivered QDs as effectively as manual injection. Higher intensities of NIR pulses caused permanent damage to the targeted cells, and thus NIR pulses may also prove useful for ablation of specific cells within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Umanzor-Alvarez
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Sohn IB, Kim Y, Noh YC, Lee IW, Kim JK, Lee H. Femtosecond laser and arc discharge induced microstructuring on optical fiber tip for the multidirectional firing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:19755-19760. [PMID: 20940870 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.019755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Most optical fibers are designed for forward firing i.e. the light is emitted at the distal end along the optical axis of the fiber. In some applications such as the laser surgery and laser scanners, side firing of the optical fiber is required. In this paper, we present the microstructuring of an optical fiber tip using the femtosecond laser and an arc discharging process for the multidirectional firing of the beam. The distal end of the optical fiber with diameter of 125 μm was machined into a conical structure using a femtosecond laser. The surface of the machined tip was exposed to the arc discharge using a fiber splicer. The arc discharge leads to the melting and re-solidification of the fiber tip. This results in a smoothing of laser-induced conical microstructure at the tip of the fiber. We were able to demonstrate the multidirectional (circumferential) emission of the light from the developed fiber tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Bu Sohn
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute(APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Buk-gu, Gwangju, South Korea
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Kuetemeyer K, Rezgui R, Lubatschowski H, Heisterkamp A. Influence of laser parameters and staining on femtosecond laser-based intracellular nanosurgery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 1:587-597. [PMID: 21258492 PMCID: PMC3017989 DOI: 10.1364/boe.1.000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond (fs) laser-based intracellular nanosurgery has become an important tool in cell biology, albeit the mechanisms in the so-called low-density plasma regime are largely unknown. Previous calculations of free-electron densities for intracellular surgery used water as a model substance for biological media and neglected the presence of dye and biomolecules. In addition, it is still unclear on which time scales free-electron and free-radical induced chemical effects take place in a cellular environment. Here, we present our experimental study on the influence of laser parameters and staining on the intracellular ablation threshold in the low-density plasma regime. We found that the ablation effect of fs laser pulse trains resulted from the accumulation of single-shot multiphoton-induced photochemical effects finished within a few nanoseconds. At the threshold, the number of applied pulses was inversely proportional to a higher order of the irradiance, depending on the laser repetition rate and wavelength. Furthermore, fluorescence staining of subcellular structures before surgery significantly decreased the ablation threshold. Based on our findings, we propose that dye molecules are the major source for providing seed electrons for the ionization cascade. Consequently, future calculations of free-electron densities for intracellular nanosurgery have to take them into account, especially in the calculations of multiphoton ionization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Rezgui
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419
Hannover, Germany
| | - H. Lubatschowski
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419
Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Heisterkamp
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419
Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Femtosecond laser ablation permits non-invasive surgeries in the bulk of a sample with submicrometer resolution. We briefly review the history of optical surgery techniques and the experimental background of femtosecond laser ablation. Next, we present several clinical applications, including dental surgery and eye surgery. We then summarize research applications, encompassing cell and tissue studies, research on C. elegans, and studies in zebrafish. We conclude by discussing future trends of femtosecond laser systems and some possible application directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Chung
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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16
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Lei M, Xu H, Yang H, Yao B. Femtosecond laser-assisted microinjection into living neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 174:215-8. [PMID: 18687359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser micro-manipulation system was used to perforate vital cells. Propidium iodide was successfully transferred into both astrocytes and PC12 cells via the channel of a femtosecond laser, which induced transiently recoverable opening of the cell membrane. The transfection efficiency reached almost 100%. This method also had the advantage of contact-free, non-disruptive and stable transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
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Abstract
This chapter reviews the optics of pulsed laser microbeams and the use of basic instrumentation to provide pulsed laser microbeam capabilities within a microscope platform. Moreover, we review the principal mechanisms by which laser microbeams produce microsurgical effects in cellular targets. We discuss the principal photothermal, photomechanical, and photochemical damage mechanisms as well as their relationship to critical laser microbeam parameters, including wavelength, pulse duration, and numerical aperture. We relate this understanding of damage mechanisms to laser microbeam applications reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Quinto-Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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18
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Abstract
This introductory chapter reviews the history of microbeams starting with the original UV microbeam work of Tchakhotine in 1912 and covers the progress and application of microbeams through 2006. The main focus of the chapter is on laser "scissors" starting with Marcel Bessis' and colleagues work with the ruby laser microbeam in Paris in 1962. Following this introduction, a section is devoted to describing the different laser microbeam systems and then the rest of the chapter is devoted to applications in cell and developmental biology. The approach is to focus on the organelle/structure and describe how the laser microbeam has been applied to studying its structure and/or function. Since considerable work has been done on chromosomes and the mitotic spindle (Section V.A and C), these topics have been divided in distinct subsections. Other topics discussed are injection of foreign DNA through the cell membrane (optoporation/optoinjection), cell migration, the nucleolus, mitochondria, cytoplasmic filaments, and embryos fate-mapping. A final technology section is devoted to discussing the pros and cons of building/buying your own laser microbeam system and the option of using the Internet-based RoboLase system. Throughout the chapter, reference is made to other chapters in the book that go into more detail on the subjects briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Berns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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Abstract
An all-mirror dispersion-compensation setup is used to correct for quadratic and cubic phase distortions induced within a custom nonlinear optical microscope. Mouse tail tendon is used to characterize sub-10-fs pulses by interferometric autocorrelation. This is an ideal method for characterizing dispersion from the optical system, immersion medium, and wet biological sample. The generation of very short autocorrelations demonstrates the ability to compensate for phase distortions within the imaging system and efficient second-harmonic upconversion of the ultrashort pulse spectrum within collagen. Compensated autocorrelation traces are presented for biologically relevant objective lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Larson
- Departmetn of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Texas 77843, USA
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20
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Leary SP, Liu CY, Apuzzo MLJ. Toward the Emergence of Nanoneurosurgery: Part III—Nanomedicine: Targeted Nanotherapy, Nanosurgery, and Progress Toward the Realization of Nanoneurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2006; 58:1009-26; discussion 1009-26. [PMID: 16723880 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000217016.79256.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of nanotechnology has evolved since its inception as a fantastic conceptual idea to its current position as a mainstream research initiative with broad applications among all divisions of science. In the first part of this series, we reviewed the structures and principles that comprise the main body of knowledge of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In the second part, we discussed applications of nanotechnology to the emerging field of nanomedicine, with specific attention on medical diagnostics and imaging. This article further explores the applications of nanotechnology to nanomedicine. Specific attention is given to developments in therapeutic modalities, including advanced drug delivery systems and targeted nanotherapy, which will form the basis for the treatment arm of mature nanomedicine. A variety of modalities are discussed, including polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, fullerenes, hydrogels, nanoshells, and smart surfaces. Applications of nanotechnology to nanosurgery and nanoneurosurgery are presented. Femtosecond laser systems, nanoneedles, and nanotweezers are presented as technologies that are operational at the nanoscale level and have the potential to revolutionize the practice of neurosurgery in a profound and momentous way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Leary
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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