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Florke Gee RR, Chen H, Lee AK, Daly CA, Wilander BA, Fon Tacer K, Potts PR. Emerging roles of the MAGE protein family in stress response pathways. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16121-16155. [PMID: 32921631 PMCID: PMC7681028 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma antigen (MAGE) proteins all contain a MAGE homology domain. MAGE genes are conserved in all eukaryotes and have expanded from a single gene in lower eukaryotes to ∼40 genes in humans and mice. Whereas some MAGEs are ubiquitously expressed in tissues, others are expressed in only germ cells with aberrant reactivation in multiple cancers. Much of the initial research on MAGEs focused on exploiting their antigenicity and restricted expression pattern to target them with cancer immunotherapy. Beyond their potential clinical application and role in tumorigenesis, recent studies have shown that MAGE proteins regulate diverse cellular and developmental pathways, implicating them in many diseases besides cancer, including lung, renal, and neurodevelopmental disorders. At the molecular level, many MAGEs bind to E3 RING ubiquitin ligases and, thus, regulate their substrate specificity, ligase activity, and subcellular localization. On a broader scale, the MAGE genes likely expanded in eutherian mammals to protect the germline from environmental stress and aid in stress adaptation, and this stress tolerance may explain why many cancers aberrantly express MAGEs Here, we present an updated, comprehensive review on the MAGE family that highlights general characteristics, emphasizes recent comparative studies in mice, and describes the diverse functions exerted by individual MAGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Florke Gee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Helen Chen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna K Lee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christina A Daly
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin A Wilander
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Klementina Fon Tacer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Zhang G, Zhou H, Xue X. Complex roles of NRAGE on tumor. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11535-11540. [PMID: 27209410 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NRAGE, also known as Dlxin-1or MAGE-D1, is a member of type II melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) and plays an essential role in life activities, including differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Studies increasingly found that NRAGE is closely related to the tumor events, such as tumor occurrence, invasion, and metastasis. However, complex and contradictory functions of NRAGE in different circumstances are observed, suggesting that NRAGE is unique from other MAGE gene family members. This review summarizes recent findings concerning the structure and biological functions of NRAGE, which may provide a basis for a more comprehensive understanding of and further research on NRAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huandi Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoying Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Qi S, Wu Q, Ma J, Li J, Chen F, Xu Y, Pan Q, Wang R. Effects of neurotrophin receptor-mediated MAGE homology on proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental pulp cells. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:221-30. [PMID: 25736627 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate effects of neurotrophin receptor-mediated melanoma antigen-encoding gene homology (NRAGE) on proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental pulp cells (mDPCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse dental pulp cells were infected with recombinant lentivirus to stably knockdown expression of NRAGE, and biological effects of NRAGE on the cells were detected. Proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of mDPCs were observed. Simultaneously, mRNA and protein levels of NRAGE and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein expression were detected. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect expression and location of NRAGE and NF-κB. RESULTS NRAGE mRNA and protein levels reduced significantly after mDPC odontoblastic induction. Knockdown of NRAGE inhibited the proliferation of mDPCs. However, knockdown of NRAGE enhanced their odontoblastic differentiation with up-regulated ALPase activity. It also promoted mineral nodule formation as well as mRNA and protein expressions of ALP, DSPP and DMP1. Protein levels of NF-κB/p50 significantly increased, whereas NF-κB/p105 protein expression decreased in the mDPC/shNRG group. Immunofluorescence revealed that relocation of NF-κB was similar to that of NRAGE during odontoblastic induction, in which NF-κB translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. CONCLUSION NRAGE is a potent regulator of proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of mDPCs, which might be via the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
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Maged1 co-interacting with CREB through a hexapeptide repeat domain regulates learning and memory in mice. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:8-18. [PMID: 24700102 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Maged1 is a member of the type II melanoma antigen (MAGE) family of proteins, which is highly conserved in the brain between mouse and human. Recently, Maged1 has been reported to be involved in depression and impaired sexual behavior. However, the role of Maged1 in learning and memory remains unknown. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate whether Maged1 deficiency can impair learning and memory formation. By behavioral tests and electrophysiological recording, we observed that 5-6-month-old Maged1 knockout mice displayed the reduced basal synaptic transmission, pronounced hippocampal dysfunction, impaired spatial learning, and a deficit in long-term potentiation induction. Data from immunohistochemical and Western blot showed the reduced dendritic spine density and the number of synapses in the hippocampus of the Maged1 knockout mice, and Maged1 deficiency prevented the interaction of Maged1 with cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assay, we observed the downregulated activity of CREB and the suppressed CREB-dependent transcription after deficiency of Maged1, which lead to the decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Taken together, our results provide the evidence that Maged1 is involved in synaptic transmission and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory formation.
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Chai OH, Song CH, Park SK, Kim W, Cho ES. Molecular regulation of kidney development. Anat Cell Biol 2013; 46:19-31. [PMID: 23560233 PMCID: PMC3615609 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2013.46.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mice have provided much information about gene function in the field of developmental biology. Recently, conditional gene targeting using the Cre/loxP system has been developed to control the cell type and timing of the target gene expression. The increase in number of kidney-specific Cre mice allows for the analysis of phenotypes that cannot be addressed by conventional gene targeting. The mammalian kidney is a vital organ that plays a critical homeostatic role in the regulation of body fluid composition and excretion of waste products. The interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells are very critical events in the field of developmental biology, especially renal development. Kidney development is a complex process, requiring inductive interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells that eventually lead to the growth and differentiation of multiple highly specialized stromal, vascular, and epithelial cell types. Through the use of genetically engineered mouse models, the molecular bases for many of the events in the developing kidney have been identified. Defective morphogenesis may result in clinical phenotypes that range from complete renal agenesis to diseases such as hypertension that exist in the setting of grossly normal kidneys. In this review, we focus on the growth and transcription factors that define kidney progenitor cell populations, initiate ureteric bud branching, induce nephron formation within the metanephric mesenchyme, and differentiate stromal and vascular progenitors in the metanephric mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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Lai SS, Xue B, Yang Y, Zhao L, Chu CS, Hao JY, Wen CJ. Ror2-Src signaling in metastasis of mouse melanoma cells is inhibited by NRAGE. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:552-62. [PMID: 23142633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Ror2 plays important roles in developmental morphogenesis and mediates the filopodia formation in Wnt5a-induced cell migration. However, the function of Ror2 in noncanonical Wnt signaling resulting in cancer metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we show that Ror2 expression is higher in the highly metastatic murine B16-BL6 melanoma cells than in the low metastatic variant B16 cells. Overexpression of Ror2 increases the metastasis ability of B16 cells, and knockdown of Ror2 reduces the migration ability of B16-BL6 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of Src kinase activity is critical for the Ror2-mediated cell migration upon Wnt5a treatment. The C-terminus of Ror2, which is deleted in brachydactyly type B (BDB), is essential for the mutual interaction with the SH1 domain of Src. Intriguingly, the Neurotrophin receptor-interacting MAGE homologue (NRAGE), which, as we previously reported, can remodel the cellular skeleton and inhibit cell-cell adhesion and metastasis of melanoma and pancreatic cancer, sharply blocks the interaction between Src and Ror2 and inhibits Ror2-mediated B16 cell migration by decreasing the activity of Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Our data show that Ror2 is a potential factor in the tumorigenesis and metastasis in a Src-dependent manner that is negatively regulated by NRAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, and Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Rochira JA, Matluk NN, Adams TL, Karaczyn AA, Oxburgh L, Hess ST, Verdi JM. A small peptide modeled after the NRAGE repeat domain inhibits XIAP-TAB1-TAK1 signaling for NF-κB activation and apoptosis in P19 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20659. [PMID: 21789165 PMCID: PMC3138748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal growth and development, apoptosis is necessary to shape the central nervous system and to eliminate excess neurons which are not required for innervation. In some diseases, however, apoptosis can be either overactive as in some neurodegenerative disorders or severely attenuated as in the spread of certain cancers. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) transmit signals for regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Responding to BMP receptors stimulated from BMP ligands, neurotrophin receptor-mediated MAGE homolog (NRAGE) binds and functions with the XIAP-TAK1-TAB1 complex to activate p38MAPK and induces apoptosis in cortical neural progenitors. NRAGE contains a unique repeat domain that is only found in human, mouse, and rat homologs that we theorize is pivotal in its BMP MAPK role. Previously, we showed that deletion of the repeat domain inhibits apoptosis, p38MAPK phosphorylation, and caspase-3 cleavage in P19 neural progenitor cells. We also showed that the XIAP-TAB1-TAK1 complex is dependent on NRAGE for IKK-α/β phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. XIAP is a major inhibitor of caspases, the main executioners of apoptosis. Although it has been shown previously that NRAGE binds to the RING domain of XIAP, it has not been determined which NRAGE domain binds to XIAP. Here, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to determine that there is a strong likelihood of a direct interaction between NRAGE and XIAP occurring at NRAGE's unique repeat domain which we also attribute to be the domain responsible for downstream signaling of NF-κB and activating IKK subunits. From these results, we designed a small peptide modeled after the NRAGE repeat domain which we have determined inhibits NF-κB activation and apoptosis in P19 cells. These intriguing results illustrate that the paradigm of the NRAGE repeat domain may hold promising therapeutic strategies in developing pharmaceutical solutions for combating harmful diseases involving excessive downstream BMP signaling, including apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Rochira
- IGERT Functional Genomics Ph.D. Program, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Nicholas N. Matluk
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Tamara L. Adams
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Aldona A. Karaczyn
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Samuel T. Hess
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Verdi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nguyen THN, Bertrand MJM, Sterpin C, Achouri Y, De Backer ORY. Maged1, a new regulator of skeletal myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:57. [PMID: 20646279 PMCID: PMC2912822 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In normal adult skeletal muscle, cell turnover is very slow. However, after an acute lesion or in chronic pathological conditions, such as primary myopathies, muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, are induced to proliferate, then withdraw definitively from the cell cycle and fuse to reconstitute functional myofibers. RESULTS We show that Maged1 is expressed at very low levels in normal adult muscle but is strongly induced after injury, during the early phase of myoblast differentiation. By comparing in vitro differentiation of myoblasts derived from wild-type or Maged1 knockout mice, we observed that Maged1 deficiency results in reduced levels of p21CIP1/WAF1, defective cell cycle exit and impaired myotube maturation. In vivo, this defect results in delayed regeneration of injured muscle. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time that Maged1 is an important factor required for proper skeletal myoblast differentiation and muscle healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan H N Nguyen
- Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Moléculaire, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, FUNDP school of Medicine, University of Namur, 21 rue de Bruxelles, Namur B-5000, Belgium
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Rochira JA, Cowling RA, Himmelfarb JS, Adams TL, Verdi JM. Mapping of NRAGE domains reveals clues to cell viability in BMP signaling. Apoptosis 2010; 15:63-70. [PMID: 19937275 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic signaling (BMP) is a key pathway during neurogenesis and depends on many downstream intermediators to carry out its signaling. One such signaling pathway utilizes neurotrophin receptor-interacting MAGE protein (NRAGE), a member of the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family, to upregulate p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38(MAPK)) in response to cellular stress and activate caspases which are critical in leading cells to death. NRAGE consists of two conserved MAGE homology domains separated by a unique hexapeptide repeat domain. Although we have previously implicated NRAGE in inducing apoptosis in neural progenitors and P19 cells, a model system for neural progenitors, its domains have yet to be explored in determining which one may be responsible for setting up the signaling for apoptosis. Here, we overexpressed a series of deletion mutations in P19 cells to show that only those with at least half of the repeat domain, activated p38(MAPK) and underwent apoptosis offering intriguing incite into NRAGE's contribution in BMP apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Rochira
- IGERT Functional Genomics PhD Program, University of Maine, 267A Engineering Science and Research Building/Barrows Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Matluk N, Rochira JA, Karaczyn A, Adams T, Verdi JM. A role for NRAGE in NF-kappaB activation through the non-canonical BMP pathway. BMC Biol 2010; 8:7. [PMID: 20100315 PMCID: PMC2829509 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-8-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have linked neurotrophin receptor-interacting MAGE protein to the bone morphogenic protein signaling pathway and its effect on p38 mediated apoptosis of neural progenitor cells via the XIAP-Tak1-Tab1 complex. Its effect on NF-κB has yet to be explored. Results Herein we report that NRAGE, via the same XIAP-Tak1-Tab1 complex, is required for the phosphorylation of IKK -α/β and subsequent transcriptional activation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Ablation of endogenous NRAGE by siRNA inhibited NF-κB pathway activation, while ablation of Tak1 and Tab1 by morpholino inhibited overexpression of NRAGE from activating NF-κB. Finally, cytokine profiling of an NRAGE over-expressing stable line revealed the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Conclusion Modulation of NRAGE expression revealed novel roles in regulating NF-κB activity in the non-canonical bone morphogenic protein signaling pathway. The expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by bone morphogenic protein -4 reveals novel crosstalk between an immune cytokine and a developmental pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Matluk
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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