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Seleem AA, Badr AH. Comparative study of the ciliary body and iris morphology in the anterior eye chamber of five different vertebrate classes. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13052. [PMID: 38735035 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
One crucial component of the optical system is the ciliary body (CB). This body secretes the aqueous humour, which is essential to maintain the internal eye pressure as well as the clearness of the lens and cornea. The histological study was designed to provide the morphological differences of CB and iris in the anterior eye chambers of the following vertebrate classes: fish (grass carp), amphibians (Arabian toad), reptiles (semiaquatic turtle, fan-footed gecko, ocellated skink, Egyptian spiny-tailed lizard, Arabian horned viper), birds (common pigeon, common quail, common kestrel), and mammals (BALB/c mouse, rabbit, golden hamster, desert hedgehog, lesser Egyptian jerboa, Egyptian fruit bat). The results showed distinct morphological appearances of the CB and iris in each species, ranging from fish to mammals. The present comparative study concluded that the morphological structure of the CB and iris is the adaptation of species to either their lifestyle or survival in specific habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin A Seleem
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Amira H Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Investigation of the Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on the Embryonic Development of the Eye in Chickens. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020099. [PMID: 36851403 PMCID: PMC9958917 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MSG is the most ubiquitous food additive in the food industry. The aim of this report was to investigate the effects of in ovo MSG administration on embryonic chicken eye development using histological and histometric methods. A total of 410 fertilized eggs obtained from Babcock Brown laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were used and divided into 5 groups: I (untreated control), II (vehicle control), III (0.12 mg/g egg MSG), IV (0.6 mg/g egg MSG), and V (1.2 mg/g egg MSG), and injections were performed via the egg yolk. At incubation day 15, 18, and 21, 6 embryos from each group were sacrificed by decapitation and pieces of eye tissue were obtained. In all MSG groups, it was determined that both corneal epithelium thickness and total corneal thickness decreased at incubation time points 15, 18, and 21 days compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The total retinal thickness, thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), ganglion cell layer (GL), and nerve fibre layers (NFL), as well as the number of ganglion cells decreased significantly at incubation days 15, 18, and 21 (p < 0.05), and degenerative changes such as vacuolar degeneration and retinal pigment epithelial detachment were also observed. In conclusion, MSG in ovo administration can affect the cornea and distinct layers of retinal cells.
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Liao L, Yao Z, Kong J, Zhang X, Li H, Chen W, Xie Q. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the dynamic changes of transcription factors during early development of chicken embryo. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:825. [PMID: 36513979 PMCID: PMC9746114 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from fertilized egg to embryo in chicken requires activation of hundreds of genes that were mostly inactivated before fertilization, which is accompanied with various biological processes. Undoubtedly, transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in regulating the changes in gene expression pattern observed at early development. However, the contribution of TFs during early embryo development of chicken still remains largely unknown that need to be investigated. Therefore, an understanding of the development of vertebrates would be greatly facilitated by study of the dynamic changes in transcription factors during early chicken embryo. RESULTS In the current study, we selected five early developmental stages in White Leghorn chicken, gallus gallus, for transcriptome analysis, cover 17,478 genes with about 807 million clean reads of RNA-sequencing. We have compared global gene expression patterns of consecutive stages and noted the differences. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed TFs (FDR < 0.05) profiles between neighboring developmental timepoints revealed significantly enriched biological categories associated with differentiation, development and morphogenesis. We also found that Zf-C2H2, Homeobox and bHLH were three dominant transcription factor families that appeared in early embryogenesis. More importantly, a TFs co-expression network was constructed and 16 critical TFs were identified. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a comprehensive regulatory framework of TFs in chicken early embryo, revealing new insights into alterations of chicken embryonic TF expression and broadening better understanding of TF function in chicken embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Liao
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China ,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Yao
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jie Kong
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Li
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China ,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642 P. R. China
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Tear Production, Intraocular Pressure, Ultrasound Biometric Features and Conjunctival Flora Identification in Clinically Normal Eyes of Two Italian Breeds of Chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102987. [PMID: 34680006 PMCID: PMC8532671 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In Italy, chickens are used for egg production and as courtyard/domestic animals and consequently veterinarians need to know their general and specialist characteristics. One key area is normal ocular measurements in order to understand any pathological changes affecting the eyes. For an accurate diagnosis and better management of ophthalmic diseases in chickens, this paper describes the normal values for the evaluation of ocular tear production, intraocular pressure, and biometric measurements of the eyes and on the microbial and cultural flora normally present in the conjunctival sac in two Italian chicken breeds. Abstract Given the abundance of chickens in Italy, it is important for veterinarians to know the normal state of chickens’ eyes in order to identify any ophthalmic pathological changes. The aim of this study was to determine the normal values of select ocular parameters and to evaluate conjunctival microflora in two Italian chicken breeds. Sixty-six healthy chickens underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, which included a phenol red thread test (PRTT) for the evaluation of tear production and the assessment of intraocular pressure by rebound tonometry. B-mode ultrasound biometric measurements and conjunctival microflora identification were also performed in twenty-seven chickens. Mean PRTT was 23.77 ± 2.99 mm/15 s in the Livorno breed and 19.95 ± 2.81 mm/15 s in the Siciliana breed. Mean intraocular pressure was 14.3 ± 1.17 mmHg in the Livorno breed and 14.06 ± 1.15 mmHg in the Siciliana breed. Reference ranges for morphometric parameters were reported in the two breeds. Twenty-three chickens (85.18%) were bacteriologically positive. Chlamydia spp. antigen was detected in 14.81% of chickens. No positive cultures were obtained for fungi. Normal reference range values for selected ophthalmic parameters were obtained in clinically healthy chickens, which could facilitate accurate diagnosis and better management of ophthalmic diseases in these animals.
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Qi J, He W, Meng J, Wei L, Qian D, Lu Y, Zhu X. Distribution of Ocular Anterior and Posterior Segment Lengths Among a Cataract Surgical Population in Shanghai. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688805. [PMID: 34631728 PMCID: PMC8494767 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the distributions of the ocular anterior and posterior segment lengths among a cataract surgical population in Shanghai. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ocular biometric parameters of 23,462 eyes of 23,462 cataract surgery candidates were reviewed. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) were obtained using IOL Master. Anterior segment length (ASL = ACD + LT), posterior segment length (PSL = AL - ASL) and the ratio of ASL to PSL (ASL/PSL) were calculated. Results: The mean ASL was 7.58 ± 0.39 mm, the mean PSL was 17.12 ± 2.64 mm. As the age grew, the ASL increased, and PSL increased firstly then decreased. Male subjects tended to have significantly longer ASL and shorter PSL than female subjects. With the increasing AL, the ASL was firstly decreased to trough at 20-22 mm AL group, then increased gradually, while the PSL increased rapidly. The ASL correlated positively with AL in normal, moderate and highly myopic eyes, negatively in short eyes. The PSL correlated positively with AL across the entire study population. The ASL/PSL was not constant in the eyes with different AL but had a relatively steep downward trend with the increasing AL in the short eyes, then decreased smoothly in normal, moderate and highly myopic eyes. Conclusions: In Chinese cataractous eyes, longer ASL and shorter PSL were associated with elder age and male gender. The change of ASL over AL was not linear, and the ASL was smallest in the eyes with AL of 20-22 mm. The elongation of the eyeball was mainly due to the extension of the posterior segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai High Myopia Study Group, Shanghai, China.,Visual Rehabilitation Professional Committee, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai High Myopia Study Group, Shanghai, China.,Visual Rehabilitation Professional Committee, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai High Myopia Study Group, Shanghai, China.,Visual Rehabilitation Professional Committee, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai High Myopia Study Group, Shanghai, China.,Visual Rehabilitation Professional Committee, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjin Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai High Myopia Study Group, Shanghai, China.,Visual Rehabilitation Professional Committee, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai High Myopia Study Group, Shanghai, China.,Visual Rehabilitation Professional Committee, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai High Myopia Study Group, Shanghai, China.,Visual Rehabilitation Professional Committee, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hardy H, Prendergast JG, Patel A, Dutta S, Trejo-Reveles V, Kroeger H, Yung AR, Goodrich LV, Brooks B, Sowden JC, Rainger J. Detailed analysis of chick optic fissure closure reveals Netrin-1 as an essential mediator of epithelial fusion. eLife 2019; 8:43877. [PMID: 31162046 PMCID: PMC6606025 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial fusion underlies many vital organogenic processes during embryogenesis. Disruptions to these cause a significant number of human birth defects, including ocular coloboma. We provide robust spatial-temporal staging and unique anatomical detail of optic fissure closure (OFC) in the embryonic chick, including evidence for roles of apoptosis and epithelial remodelling. We performed complementary transcriptomic profiling and show that Netrin-1 (NTN1) is precisely expressed in the chick fissure margin during fusion but is immediately downregulated after fusion. We further provide a combination of protein localisation and phenotypic evidence in chick, humans, mice and zebrafish that Netrin-1 has an evolutionarily conserved and essential requirement for OFC, and is likely to have an important role in palate fusion. Our data suggest that NTN1 is a strong candidate locus for human coloboma and other multi-system developmental fusion defects, and show that chick OFC is a powerful model for epithelial fusion research. Our bodies are made of many different groups of cells, which are arranged into tissues that perform specific roles. As tissues form in the embryo they must adopt precise three-dimensional structures, depending on their position in the body. In many cases this involves two edges of tissue fusing together to prevent gaps being present in the final structure. In individuals with a condition called ocular coloboma some of the tissues in the eyes fail to merge together correctly, leading to wide gaps that can severely affect vision. There are currently no treatments available for ocular coloboma and in over 70% of patients the cause of the defect is not known. Identifying new genes that control how tissues fuse may help researchers to find what causes this condition and multiple other tissue fusion defects, and establish whether these may be preventable in the future. Much of what is currently known about how tissues fuse has come from studying mice and zebrafish embryos. Although the extensive genetic tools available in these ‘models’ have proved very useful, both offer only a limited time window for observing tissues as they fuse, and the regions involved are very small. Chick embryos, on the other hand, are much larger than mouse or zebrafish embryos and are easier to access from within their eggs. This led Hardy et al. to investigate whether the developing chick eye could be a more useful model for studying the precise details of how tissues merge. Examining chick embryos revealed that tissues in the base of their eyes fuse between five and eight days after the egg had been fertilised, a comparatively long time compared to existing models. Also, many of the genes that Hardy et al. found switched on in chick eyes as the tissues merged had previously been identified as being essential for tissue fusion in humans. However, several new genes were also shown to be involved in the fusing process. For example, Netrin-1 was important for tissues to fuse in the eyes as well as in other regions of the developing embryo. These findings demonstrate that the chick eye is an excellent new model system to study how tissues fuse in animals. Furthermore, the genes identified by Hardy et al. may help researchers to identify the genetic causes of ocular coloboma and other tissue fusion defects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Hardy
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - James Gd Prendergast
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Aara Patel
- Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunit Dutta
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Violeta Trejo-Reveles
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Kroeger
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea R Yung
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Lisa V Goodrich
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Brian Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jane C Sowden
- Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Rainger
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Pugh CA, Farrell LL, Carlisle AJ, Bush SJ, Ewing A, Trejo-Reveles V, Matika O, de Kloet A, Walsh C, Bishop SC, Prendergast JGD, Rainger J, Schoenebeck JJ, Summers KM. Arginine to Glutamine Variant in Olfactomedin Like 3 ( OLFML3) Is a Candidate for Severe Goniodysgenesis and Glaucoma in the Border Collie Dog Breed. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:943-954. [PMID: 30696701 PMCID: PMC6404605 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Goniodysgenesis is a developmental abnormality of the anterior chamber of the eye. It is generally considered to be congenital in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and has been associated with glaucoma and blindness. Goniodysgenesis and early-onset glaucoma initially emerged in Border Collies in Australia in the late 1990s and have subsequently been found in this breed in Europe and the USA. The objective of the present study was to determine the genetic basis of goniodysgenesis in Border Collies. Clinical diagnosis was based on results of examinations by veterinary ophthalmologists of affected and unaffected dogs from eleven different countries. Genotyping using the Illumina high density canine single nucleotide variant genotyping chip was used to identify a candidate genetic region. There was a highly significant peak of association over chromosome 17, with a p-value of 2 × 10-13 Expression profiles and evolutionary conservation of candidate genes were assessed using public databases. Whole genome sequences of three dogs with glaucoma, three severely affected by goniodysgenesis and three unaffected dogs identified a missense variant in the olfactomedin like 3 (OLFML3) gene in all six affected animals. This was homozygous for the risk allele in all nine cases with glaucoma and 12 of 14 other severely affected animals. Of 67 reportedly unaffected animals, only one was homozygous for this variant (offspring of parents both with goniodysgenesis who were also homozygous for the variant). Analysis of pedigree information was consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for severe goniodysgenesis (potentially leading to glaucoma) in this breed. The identification of a candidate genetic region and putative causative variant will aid breeders to reduce the frequency of goniodysgenesis and the risk of glaucoma in the Border Collie population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carys A Pugh
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay L Farrell
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa J Carlisle
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Bush
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Ewing
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Violeta Trejo-Reveles
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Oswald Matika
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Arne de Kloet
- Animal Genetics, 1336 Timberlane Rd, Tallahassee, FL 32312
| | - Caitlin Walsh
- Animal Genetics, 1336 Timberlane Rd, Tallahassee, FL 32312
| | - Stephen C Bishop
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - James G D Prendergast
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Rainger
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey J Schoenebeck
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M Summers
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
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Duman R, Ertekin T, Duman R, Aslan E, Sabaner MC, Cetinkaya E. The novel model: Experimental optical coherence tomography-guided anterior segment imaging chick embryo model. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018; 67:54-58. [PMID: 30574893 PMCID: PMC6324092 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_263_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to present an experimental optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided anterior segment (AS) imaging chick embryo model. Through this model, we aimed to reveal similarities and differences between human cornea, AS tissues, and chick embryo tissues by quantitative image analysis. Methods Ex vivo, the chick embryos' globes were determined by detailed AS camera of spectral-domain (SD)-OCT in 10 fertilized specific pathogen-free eggs on the 20th day. Quantitative image analysis of anterior chamber tissues was performed with SD-OCT in detail. After imaging, cross sections of the chick embryo globes containing cornea with anterior chamber were histologically examined and compared with human tissues. The similarities of our model with data in the human cornea and AS studies in the literature were compared. Results SD-OCT imaging was able to successfully delineate the AS tissues of chick embryos such as the cornea, iris, lens, pupil, conjunctiva, ciliary body, anterior chamber, and lens. Quantitative semi-automated measurements showed the following: mean central corneal thickness: 213.4 ± 7.05 μm (197-223 μm), mean anterior chamber depth: 878.9 ± 41.74 (804-919 μm), mean anterior chamber area: 2.43 ± 0.16 mm2 (2.17-2.73 mm2), mean corneoscleral junction (limbal) thickness: 322.8 ± 20.05 μm (289-360 μm), and mean iris thickness: 230.4 ± 13.27 μm (203-245 μm). In addition, detailed histological comparisons of the AS tissues with human tissues were evaluated to be very similar. Conclusion In conclusion, this chick embryo model mimics human tissues and it can be considered as a platform for the study of teratogen-induced malformations and AS dysgenesis during gestation of AS tissues. In addition, this study demonstrates the feasibility of SD-OCT in the quantitative assessment of AS structures in chick embryo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resat Duman
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Tolga Ertekin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Rahmi Duman
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Esra Aslan
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cem Sabaner
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ersan Cetinkaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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