1
|
El-Sayed SAES, El-Alfy ES, Baghdadi HB, Sayed-Ahmed MZ, Alqahtani SS, Alam N, Ahmad S, Ali MS, Igarashi I, Rizk MA. Antiparasitic activity of FLLL-32 against four Babesia species, B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens and B. caballi, and one Theileria species, Theileria equi in vitro, and Babesia microti in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1278451. [PMID: 38027032 PMCID: PMC10651744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1278451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: FLLL-32, a synthetic analog of curcumin, is a potent inhibitor of STAT3's constitutive activation in a variety of cancer cells, and its anticancer properties have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. It is also suggested that it might have other pharmacological activities including activity against different parasites. Aim: This study therefore investigated the in vitro antiparasitic activity of FLLL-32 against four pathogenic Babesia species, B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, and B. caballi, and one Theileria species, Theileria equi. In vivo anti-Babesia microti activity of FLLL-32 was also evaluated in mice. Methods: The FLLL-32, in the growth inhibition assay with a concentration range (0.005-50 μM), was tested for it's activity against these pathogens. The reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay was used to evaluate the possible effects of FLLL-32 treatment on the mRNA transcription of the target B. bovis genes including S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and histone deacetylase. Results: The in vitro growth of B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and T. equi was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (in all cases, p < 0.05). FLLL-32 exhibits the highest inhibitory effects on B. bovis growth in vitro, and it's IC50 value against this species was 9.57 μM. The RT-PCR results showed that FLLL-32 inhibited the transcription of the B. bovis S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase gene. In vivo, the FLLL-32 showed significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of B. microti parasitemia in infected mice with results comparable to that of diminazene aceturate. Parasitemia level in B. microti-infected mice treated with FLLL-32 from day 12 post infection (pi) was reduced to reach zero level at day 16 pi when compared to the infected non-treated mice. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the antibabesial properties of FLLL-32 and suggested it's usage in the treatment of babesiosis especially when utilized in combination therapy with other antibabesial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed El-Alfy
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanadi B. Baghdadi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Z. Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Sajid Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikuo Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Docking and in silico ADMET studies of noraristeromycin, curcumin and its derivatives with Plasmodium falciparum SAH hydrolase: A molecular drug target against malaria. Interdiscip Sci 2013; 5:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-013-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
3
|
Tanaka N, Umeda T, Kusakabe Y, Nakanishi M, Kitade Y, T. Nakamura K. Structural Biology for Developing Antimalarial Compounds. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:527-37. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Bazile Q, Serbessa T, Zhong J. An efficient synthesis of the 4'-epimer of 2-fluoronoraristeromycin. Tetrahedron Lett 2012; 53:1435-1437. [PMID: 22690021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The 4'-epimer of 2-fluoronoraristeromycin was synthesized by employing bis-t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protected 2-fluoroadenine as a superior substrate for the Mitsunobu reaction with the appropriate cyclopentenol. Unlike the unsubstituted counterpart 2-fluoroadenine, this substrate is completely soluble in THF and resulted in a very good yield in the Mitsunobu coupling reaction as well as subsequent steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quachel Bazile
- Elizabeth City State University, Department of Chemistry, Geology, and Physics Elizabeth city, NC 27909
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai S, Li QS, Fang J, Borchardt RT, Kuczera K, Middaugh CR, Schowen RL. The rationale for targeting the NAD/NADH cofactor binding site of parasitic S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase for the design of anti-parasitic drugs. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 28:485-503. [PMID: 20183598 DOI: 10.1080/15257770903051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomal S-adenoyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (Tc-SAHH), considered as a target for treatment of Chagas disease, has the same catalytic mechanism as human SAHH (Hs-SAHH) and both enzymes have very similar x-ray structures. Efforts toward the design of selective inhibitors against Tc-SAHH targeting the substrate binding site have not to date shown any significant promise. Systematic kinetic and thermodynamic studies on association and dissociation of cofactor NAD/H for Tc-SAHH and Hs-SAHH provide a rationale for the design of anti-parasitic drugs directed toward cofactor-binding sites. Analogues of NAD and their reduced forms show significant selective inactivation of Tc-SAHH, confirming that this design approach is rational.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Cai
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zulfiqar F, Kojima H, Nakanishi M, Ando T, Kitade Y. Synthesis of carbocyclic 2-substituted adenine nucleoside and related analogs. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:1153-7. [PMID: 18788045 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802341459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Iodonoraristeromycin, 2-iodoaristeromycin and related analogs were synthesized to investigate their inhibitory activities against human and Plasmodium falciparum S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Zulfiqar
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ando T, Kojima K, Chahota P, Kozaki A, Milind ND, Kitade Y. Synthesis of 4′-modified noraristeromycins to clarify the effect of the 4′-hydroxyl groups for inhibitory activity against S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2615-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Nakanishi M. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine Hydrolase as an Attractive Target for Antimicrobial Drugs. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:977-82. [PMID: 17541248 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase catalyzes breakdown of SAH, which arises after S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation, into adenosine and homocysteine. The enzyme activity is required for both metabolic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids and a variety of biological methylations. Because of the essential roles of SAH hydrolase for living cells, inhibitors of SAH hydrolase are expected to be antimicrobial drugs, especially for viruses and malaria parasite. Our research focused on the development of new antimalarials based on the SAH hydrolase inhibition. Malaria parasite employs SAH hydrolase of itself for coping with the toxicity of SAH, so that the target offers opportunities for chemotherapy if structural differences are exploited between the parasite and human enzymes. In vitro screens of nucleoside analogs resulted in moderate but selective inhibition for recombinant SAH hydrolase of malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, by 2-position substituted adenosine analogs. Similar selectivity was observed in the growth inhibition assay of cultured cells. Following crystal structure analysis of the parasite SAH hydrolase discovered an additional space, which is located near the 2-position of the adenine-ring, in the substrate binding pocket. Mutagenic analysis of the amino acid residue forming the additional space confirmed that the inhibition selectivity is due to the difference of only one amino acid residue, between Cys59 in P. falciparum and Thr60 in human. For developing antimalarial drugs, it might be suitable to select target from pathways that are present in the parasite but absent from humans; nevertheless, even if the target was common in parasite and host, slight structural difference such as single amino acid variation is likely to be available for improving inhibitor selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakanishi
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|