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Latrofa MS, Varotto-Boccazzi I, Louzada-Flores VN, Iatta R, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Roura X, Zatelli A, Epis S, Bandi C, Otranto D. Interaction between Wolbachia pipientis and Leishmania infantum in heartworm infected dogs. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:77. [PMID: 36850014 PMCID: PMC9972713 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolbachia is a Gram-negative endosymbiont associated with several species of arthropods and filarioid nematodes, including Dirofilaria immitis. This endosymbiont may elicit a Th1 response, which is a component of the immunity against Leishmania infantum. METHODS To investigate the interactions between Wolbachia of D. immitis and L. infantum in naturally infected dogs and cytokine circulation, dogs without clinical signs (n = 187) were selected. Dogs were tested for microfilariae (mfs) by Knott, for female antigens of D. immitis by SNAP, and for anti-L. infantum antibodies by IFAT and assigned to four groups. Dogs of group 1 (G1) and 2 (G2) were positive for D. immitis and positive or negative to L. infantum, respectively. Dogs of group 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) were negative to D. immitis and positive or negative to L. infantum, respectively. Wolbachia and L. infantum DNA was quantified by real-time PCR (qPCR) in dog blood samples. A subset of dogs (n = 65) was examined to assess pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production using an ELISA test. RESULTS Of 93 dogs positive to D. immitis with circulating mfs, 85% were positive to Wolbachia, with the highest amount of DNA detected in G1 and the lowest in dogs with low mfs load in G1 and G2. Among dogs positive to L. infantum, 66% from G1 showed low antibody titer, while 48.9% from G3 had the highest antibody titer. Of 37 dogs positive to Wolbachia from G1, 26 (70.3%) had low antibody titers to L. infantum (1:160). Among cytokines, TNFα showed the highest mean concentration in G1 (246.5 pg/ml), IFNγ being the one most represented (64.3%). IL-10 (1809.5 pg/ml) and IL-6 (123.5 pg/ml) showed the highest mean concentration in dogs from G1. A lower percentage of dogs producing IL-4 was observed in all groups examined, with the highest mean concentration (2794 pg/ml) recorded in G2. CONCLUSION Results show the association of D. immitis and Wolbachia with the lower antibody titers of L. infantum in co-infected dogs, suggesting the hypothesis that the endosymbiont may affect the development of the patent leishmaniosis. However, due to the limitations associated with the heterogeneity of naturally infected dogs in field conditions, results should be validated by investigation on experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Latrofa
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Iatta
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Xavier Roura
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Pediatric CRC ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Pediatric CRC ‘Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi’, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. .,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Zawistowska-Deniziak A, Powązka K, Pękacz M, Basałaj K, Klockiewicz M, Wiśniewski M, Młocicki D. Immunoproteomic Analysis of Dirofilaria repens Microfilariae and Adult Parasite Stages. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020174. [PMID: 33562513 PMCID: PMC7914743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirofilariarepens is a parasitic nematode causing a vector-borne zoonotic infection (dirofilariosis), considered an emerging problem in human and veterinary medicine. Currently, diagnosis is based on the detection of the adult parasite and microfilariae in the host tissues. However, the efficacy of tests relying on microfilariae detection is limited by microfilariae periodic occurrence. Therefore, a new reliable and affordable serological diagnostic method is needed. Better characteristic of the parasite biology and its interaction with host immune system should help to achieve this goal. This study analyzes adult and microfilariae proteomes, and the use of one-dimensional electrophoresis (1-DE) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomics, immunoproteomics, and LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry allowed us to identify 316 potentially immunogenic proteins (75 belong to adult stage, 183 to microfilariae, and 58 are common for both). Classified by their ontology, the proteins showed important similarities and differences between both parasite stages. The most frequently identified proteins are structural, metabolic, and heat shock proteins. Additionally, real-time PCR analysis of some immunogenic targets revealed significant differences between microfilariae and adult life stages. We indicated molecules involved in parasite-host interactions and discussed their importance in parasite biology, which may help to reveal potential diagnostic antigens or select drug and vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-697-89-66
| | - Katarzyna Powązka
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Mateusz Pękacz
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Basałaj
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Maciej Klockiewicz
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Marcin Wiśniewski
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Daniel Młocicki
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.P.); (K.B.); (D.M.)
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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González-Miguel J, Valero MA, Reguera-Gomez M, Mas-Bargues C, Bargues MD, Simón F, Mas-Coma S. Numerous Fasciola plasminogen-binding proteins may underlie blood-brain barrier leakage and explain neurological disorder complexity and heterogeneity in the acute and chronic phases of human fascioliasis. Parasitology 2019; 146:284-298. [PMID: 30246668 PMCID: PMC6402360 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human fascioliasis is a worldwide, pathogenic food-borne trematodiasis. Impressive clinical pictures comprising puzzling polymorphisms, manifestation multifocality, disease evolution changes, sequelae and mortality, have been reported in patients presenting with neurological, meningeal, neuropsychic and ocular disorders caused at distance by flukes infecting the liver. Proteomic and mass spectrometry analyses of the Fasciola hepatica excretome/secretome identified numerous, several new, plasminogen-binding proteins enhancing plasmin generation. This may underlie blood-brain barrier leakage whether by many simultaneously migrating, small-sized juvenile flukes in the acute phase, or by breakage of encapsulating formations triggered by single worm tracks in the chronic phase. Blood-brain barrier leakages may subsequently occur due to a fibrinolytic system-dependent mechanism involving plasmin-dependent generation of the proinflammatory peptide bradykinin and activation of bradykinin B2 receptors, after different plasminogen-binding protein agglomeration waves. Interactions between diverse parasitic situations and non-imbalancing fibrinolysis system alterations are for the first time proposed that explain the complexity, heterogeneity and timely variations of neurological disorders. Additionally, inflammation and dilation of blood vessels may be due to contact system-dependent generation bradykinin. This baseline allows for search of indicators to detect neurological risk in fascioliasis patients and experimental work on antifibrinolytic treatments or B2 receptor antagonists for preventing blood-brain barrier leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. González-Miguel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - M. A. Valero
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Reguera-Gomez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - C. Mas-Bargues
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez No. 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. D. Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - F. Simón
- Área de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - S. Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Khanmohammadi M, Falak R, Meamar AR, Razmjou E, Mokhtarian K, Arshadi M, Shayanfar N, Akhlaghi L. Application of Dirofilaria immitis
immunoreactive proteins in serodiagnosis. Parasite Immunol 2018; 41:e12598. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khanmohammadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Meamar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Elham Razmjou
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Kobra Mokhtarian
- Medical Plant Research Center; Basic Health Sciences Institute; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; Shahrekord Iran
| | - Mehdi Arshadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Nasrin Shayanfar
- Department of pathology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Lame Akhlaghi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Wang X, Li X, Sun Z. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the earthworm Eisenia fetida response to Escherichia coli O157:H7. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:60-66. [PMID: 29793202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil environment contaminated by Escherichia coli O157:H7 which come from the waste of infected animals. Earthworms can live in the pathogens-polluted soil by their innate immunity. How the proteins of earthworms E. fetida will response to E. coli O157:H7-contaminated-soil still unclear? To identify the defense proteins under E. coli O157:H7 stress, we performed a proteomic analysis of earthworm under E. coli O157:H7 exposure through an iTRAQ technology. In total, we found 283 non-redundant proteins, including fibrinolytic protease 1, lombricine kinase, lysozyme, gelsolin, coelomic cytolytic factor-1, antimicrobial peptide lumbricin-l, lysenin, and et al. The proteins participate in metabolic processes, transcription, defense response to bacterium, translation, response to stress, and transport. The study will contribute to understand why earthworm can live in the pathogens-polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenjun Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Solgi R, Sadjjadi SM, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, Golkar M, Raz A. Development of New Recombinant DgK Antigen for Diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis Infections in Dogs Using ELISA Technique
and Its Comparison to Molecular Methods. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 22:283-9. [PMID: 29031244 PMCID: PMC5949131 DOI: 10.22034/ibj.22.4.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Dirofilaria immitis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic, vector-borne parasite of carnivorous animals causing dirofilariasis in human beings. Common commercial serodiagnostic tests for canine dirofilariasis usually lead to different results in their sensitivity and specificity. The present study reports development of recombinant DgK (rDgK) antigen of D. immitis for accurate immunodiagnosis of D. Immitis-infected dogs using indirect ELISA test. Methods The rDgK coding sequence was successfully sequenced, codon optimized and cloned into pET-24a(+) expression vector and then expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant DgK was affinity purified using Ni²+-charged HiTrap chelating column, followed by testing in Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with dog sera from a dirofilariasis endemic area. The performance of rDgK ELISA was evaluated using 60 sera collected from suspected dogs, while molecular technique was used as a reference test. Results Sera from positive control D. immitis infection produced a strong IgG antibody response to rDgK both in ELISA and Western blotting tests. The sensitivity and specificity related to diagnostic potential of rDgK for ELISA were 92.5% and 87.5%, respectively. The results of rDgK ELISA showed a high agreement (0.764) with molecular identification. Conclusion The findings revealed that the developed new rDgK antigen is sensitive and specific for immunodiagnosis of canine dirofilariasis using ELISA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Solgi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Majid Golkar
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Raz
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Carithers DS. Examining the role of macrolides and host immunity in combatting filarial parasites. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:182. [PMID: 28410595 PMCID: PMC5391593 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactones (MLs), specifically the avermectins and milbemycins, are known for their effectiveness against a broad spectrum of disease-causing nematodes and arthropods in humans and animals. In most nematodes, drugs in this class induce paralysis, resulting in starvation, impaired ability to remain associated with their anatomical environment, and death of all life stages. Initially, this was also thought to be the ML mode of action against filarial nematodes, but researchers have not been able to validate these characteristic effects of immobilization/starvation of MLs in vitro, even at higher doses than are possible in vivo. Relatively recently, ML receptor sites exclusively located proximate to the excretory-secretory (ES) apparatus were identified in Brugia malayi microfilaria and an ML-induced suppression of secretory protein release by B. malayi microfilariae was demonstrated in vitro. It is hypothesized here that suppression of these ES proteins prevents the filarial worm from interfering with the host's complement cascade, reducing the ability of the parasite to evade the immune system. Live microfilariae and/or larvae, thus exposed, are attacked and presented to the host's innate immune mechanisms and are ultimately killed by the immune response, not the ML drug. These live, exposed filarial worms stimulate development of innate, cellular and humoral immune responses that when properly stimulated, are capable of clearing all larvae or microfilariae present in the host, regardless of their individual sensitivity to MLs. Additional research in this area can be expected to improve our understanding of the relationships among filarial worms, MLs, and the host immune system, which likely would have implications in filarial disease management in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug S Carithers
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 3239 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, GA, 30096, USA.
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Maia C, Altet L, Serrano L, Cristóvão JM, Tabar MD, Francino O, Cardoso L, Campino L, Roura X. Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum, filariae and Wolbachia spp. in dogs from southern Portugal. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:170. [PMID: 27160085 PMCID: PMC4862134 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and dirofilariosis caused by the nematodes Dirofilaria immitis or Dirofilaria repens are vector-borne zoonoses widely present in the Mediterranean basin. In addition, some studies reported that the endosymbiont Wolbachia spp. play a role in the biology and pathogenesis of filarial parasites. The aim of this work was to evaluate the frequency of mono- and co-infections by L. infantum, filariae and Wolbachia spp. and their association with clinical signs in dogs from the south of Portugal. Leishmanial, filarial and Wolbachia spp. DNA were evaluated by specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays in blood samples from 230 dogs. Findings One hundred and thirty-nine (60.4 %) dogs were qPCR-positive for L. infantum and 26 (11.3 %) for filariae (24 for D. immitis only, one D. immitis and for Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides and another one for Acanthocheilonema reconditum only). Wolbachia spp. DNA was amplified from 16 (64.0 %) out of the 25 D. immitis-positive dogs. Nineteen (8.3 %) dogs were co-infected with L. infantum and D. immitis, including the one (0.4 %) A. drancunculoides-positive animal. In dogs without clinical signs consistent with leishmaniosis and/or dirofilariosis, L. infantum prevalence was 69 %, whereas in those dogs with at least one clinical manifestation compatible with any of the two parasitoses prevalence was 42.7 %. Leishmania prevalence was significantly higher in apparently healthy mongrels (77.2 %) and pets (76.9 %) than in defined-breed dogs (including crosses; 58.8 %) and in dogs with an aptitude other than pet (i.e. farm, guard, hunting, shepherd or stray), respectively, whereas in those dogs with at least one clinical sign, the detection of L. infantum DNA was higher in males (53.3 %) and in those dogs not receiving insect repellents (52.8 %). Conclusions The molecular detection of canine vector-borne disease (CVBD) agents, some of which are zoonotic, reinforces the need to implement efficient prophylactic measures, such as insect repellents and macrocyclic lactones (including compliance to administration), in the geographical areas where these agents are distributed, with the view to prevent infection and disease among mammalian hosts including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Maia
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology Unit, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Laura Altet
- Vetgenomics, Parc de Recerca Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Serrano
- Vetgenomics, Parc de Recerca Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cristóvão
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology Unit, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Olga Francino
- Vetgenomics, Parc de Recerca Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,SVGM, Departamento de Ciencia Animal y de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lenea Campino
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology Unit, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Vicente-Muñoz S, Romero P, Magraner-Pardo L, Martinez-Jimenez CP, Tordera V, Pamblanco M. Comprehensive analysis of interacting proteins and genome-wide location studies of the Sas3-dependent NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:996-1006. [PMID: 25473596 PMCID: PMC4248121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterise Sas3p and Gcn5p active HAT complexes in WT and deleted TAP-strains. We confirm that Pdp3p interacts with NuA3, histones and chromatin regulators. Pdp3p MS-analysis reveals its phosphorylation, ubiquitination and methylation. Sas3p can substitute Gcn5p in acetylation of histone H3K14 but not of H3K9. Genome-wide profiling of Sas3p supports its involvement in transcriptional elongation.
Histone acetylation affects several aspects of gene regulation, from chromatin remodelling to gene expression, by modulating the interplay between chromatin and key transcriptional regulators. The exact molecular mechanism underlying acetylation patterns and crosstalk with other epigenetic modifications requires further investigation. In budding yeast, these epigenetic markers are produced partly by histone acetyltransferase enzymes, which act as multi-protein complexes. The Sas3-dependent NuA3 complex has received less attention than other histone acetyltransferases (HAT), such as Gcn5-dependent complexes. Here, we report our analysis of Sas3p-interacting proteins using tandem affinity purification (TAP), coupled with mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed Pdp3p, a recently described component of NuA3, to be one of the most abundant Sas3p-interacting proteins. The PDP3 gene, was TAP-tagged and protein complex purification confirmed that Pdp3p co-purified with the NuA3 protein complex, histones, and several transcription-related and chromatin remodelling proteins. Our results also revealed that the protein complexes associated with Sas3p presented HAT activity even in the absence of Gcn5p and vice versa. We also provide evidence that Sas3p cannot substitute Gcn5p in acetylation of lysine 9 in histone H3 in vivo. Genome-wide occupancy of Sas3p using ChIP-on-chip tiled microarrays showed that Sas3p was located preferentially within the 5′-half of the coding regions of target genes, indicating its probable involvement in the transcriptional elongation process. Hence, this work further characterises the function and regulation of the NuA3 complex by identifying novel post-translational modifications in Pdp3p, additional Pdp3p-co-purifying chromatin regulatory proteins involved in chromatin-modifying complex dynamics and gene regulation, and a subset of genes whose transcriptional elongation is controlled by this complex.
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Key Words
- ChIP-on-chip
- ChIP-on-chip, chromatin immunoprecipitation with genome-wide location arrays
- Chromatin
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- Histones
- NuA3, nucleosomal acetyltransferase of histone H3
- PTM, post-translational modification
- Pdp3
- RNAPII, RNA polymerase II
- SAGA, Spt-Ada-Gcn acetyltransferase
- TAP, tandem affinity purification
- TAP–MS strategy
- TSS, transcription start site
- WCE, whole cell extract
- WT, wild-type
- Yeast
- nt, nucleotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente-Muñoz
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012 València, Spain
| | - Paco Romero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Lorena Magraner-Pardo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Celia P Martinez-Jimenez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Vicente Tordera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Mercè Pamblanco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Sassi AJ, Geary JF, Leroux LP, Moorhead AR, Satti M, Mackenzie CD, Geary TG. Identification ofDirofilaria immitisProteins Recognized by Antibodies from Infected Dogs. J Parasitol 2014; 100:364-7. [DOI: 10.1645/13-437.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Proteomic analysis of the somatic and surface compartments from Dirofilaria immitis adult worms. Vet Parasitol 2014; 203:144-52. [PMID: 24602330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis (hearthworm) is a filarial roundworm transmitted by mosquitoes to different vertebrate hosts (dogs, cats and humans, among others), causing dirofilariosis. The adult worms reside in the pulmonary arteries affecting vessels and tissues and resulting in different pathological manifestations. Worms migrate to the heart and surrounding major vessels in heavy infections. Dirofilariosis can result in serious damage to affected hosts. In the last few years, a re-emergence of the disease driven by the climate change has been pointed out. Very recently, the knowledge at molecular level of this parasite has been extended by the published studies on its genome and transcriptome. Nevertheless, studies on the expression of defined protein sets in different parasite compartments and the corresponding role of those proteins in the host-parasite relationship have been relatively scarce to date. These include the description of the adult worm secretome, and some of the proteins eliciting humoural immune responses and those related with plasminogen binding in secreted and surface extracts of the parasite. Here, we investigate by proteomics the somatic and surface compartments of the D. immitis adult worm, adding new information on protein expression and localization that would facilitate a deeper understanding of the host-parasite relationships in dirofilariosis.
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Proteomic analysis of Ascaridia galli. Identification of immunoreactive proteins in naturally and experimentally infected hens. Vet Parasitol 2013; 196:388-96. [PMID: 23578998 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ascaridia galli, intestinal parasite of domestic fowl, is responsible of economic losses in avian exploitations. However, molecular mechanisms that govern avian ascaridiasis remain largely unknown. The aim of the present work was to identify proteins of A. galli recognized by the immune system of naturally and experimentally infected hens, using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Sixteen immunoreactive proteins of A. galli were identified. These proteins are mainly related to different metabolic processes, cell motility and binding activities. The timing evolution of this recognition pattern was studied using serum samples from experimentally infected hens, allowing us to observe an early recognition of many of these antigens. Many of them were isoforms from lipid and plasminogen-binding proteins. Moreover, plasminogen-binding activity has been related in other parasites with the facilitation of intra-organic migration, which represents an important fact in avian ascaridiasis. This work represents the first proteomic study of A. galli and could contribute to explain some aspects of parasite/host relationships of avian ascaridiasis.
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Tabar MD, Altet L, Martínez V, Roura X. Wolbachia, filariae and Leishmania coinfection in dogs from a Mediterranean area. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:174-8. [PMID: 23425244 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In an endemic area for leishmaniosis and filariasis, coinfection can occur and the immunomodulation triggered by Wolbachia infection might influence the clinical signs and progression of both diseases. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Wolbachia in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis and other filarial nematodes, to evaluate the prevalence of coinfection of Leishmania infantum, filariae and Wolbachia and their association with clinical presentation. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect filarial species, Wolbachia species and Leishmania in 118 samples of dogs from southeastern Spain with leishmaniosis and/or filariasis. RESULTS Ninety-eight dogs were infected with Leishmania and 49 had filarial infection (29 were coinfected with both). Wolbachia DNA was detected in 30·6% of filariae-positive dogs (15/49). Dogs coinfected with Leishmania and filaria had more severe clinical signs. Wolbachia infection was significantly (P=0·026) more frequent in dogs that were not infected with Leishmania. There was no correlation between outcome and coinfection with these pathogens. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the increased sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of filariasis, confirms the presence of Wolbachia in dogs from the Mediterranean basin, shows the increased severity of clinical signs when Leishmania-filarial coinfection is present and suggests a protective role of Wolbachia in leishmaniosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Tabar
- Hospital Veterinario San Vicente, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Simón F, Siles-Lucas M, Morchón R, González-Miguel J, Mellado I, Carretón E, Montoya-Alonso JA. Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25:507-44. [PMID: 22763636 PMCID: PMC3416488 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00012-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species (Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. At the same time, both D. immitis and D. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia, the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hosts, and issues related to dirofilariasis treatment. Moreover, because dirofilariasis is a vector-borne transmitted disease, their distribution and infection rates have undergone significant modifications influenced by global climate change. Despite advances in our knowledge of D. immitis and D. repens and the pathologies that they inflict on different hosts, there are still many unknown aspects of dirofilariasis. This review is focused on human and animal dirofilariasis, including the basic morphology, biology, protein composition, and metabolism of Dirofilaria species; the climate and human behavioral factors that influence distribution dynamics; the disease pathology; the host-parasite relationship; the mechanisms involved in parasite survival; the immune response and pathogenesis; and the clinical management of human and animal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Simón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Spain.
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Jefferies R, Morgan ER, Shaw S, Heesom K. Identification of immuno-reactive adult Angiostrongylus vasorum proteins using mass spectrometry. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2011; 180:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Identification and characterization of the cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutases of Dirofilaria immitis and its Wolbachia endosymbiont. Vet Parasitol 2011; 176:350-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Identification of Dirofilaria immitis immunoreactive proteins recognized by sera from infected cats using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2010; 174:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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González-Miguel J, Rosario L, Rota-Nodari E, Morchón R, Simón F. Identification of immunoreactive proteins of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens recognized by sera from patients with pulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariosis. Parasitol Int 2010; 59:248-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Strongyloidiasis can be perpetuated by autoinfection with the filariform larvae L3, causing asymptomatic chronic infections and creating a population of carriers, affecting not only developing countries. So far, very little is known about the proteins that interact with the human host, and few proteins from the infective Strongyloides stercoralis L3 have been characterized. Here, we report results obtained from a proteomic analysis of the proteins from S. stercoralis L3 larvae obtained from patients. Since the genome of S. stercoralis is not yet available, we used proteomic analysis to identify 26 different proteins, 13 of them released by short digestion with trypsin, which could represent surface-associated proteins. The present work extends our knowledge of host-parasite interactions by identifying proteins that could be of interest in the development of diagnostic tools, vaccines, or treatments for a neglected disease like strongyloidiasis.
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What is new about animal and human dirofilariosis? Trends Parasitol 2009; 25:404-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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