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Wu M, Fan Q, Li X, Wang P, Feng C, Wang L, Chang Z, Wu W, Chong R. Surface coordination induced a quasi p-n junction for efficient visible light driven degradation of tetracycline over hydroxyapatite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 667:312-320. [PMID: 38640651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The removal of antibiotics from aquatic solutions remains a global environmental challenge. In this work, the photocatalytic removal of a typical antibiotic-tetracycline (TC) using hydroxyapatite (HAp) as a catalyst was investigated. It was impressive that TC could be efficiently degraded by HAp under visible light irradiation, even though both HAp and TC exhibited poor harvesting in visible light region. The experimental and theoretical explorations were undertaken to thoroughly investigate the underlying mechanism of visible light degradation of TC over HAp. The results indicated that the formed TC-HAp complexes via surface coordination played an important role as photosensitizers for the visible light response. Together with the formation of a quasi p-n junction via band alignment, the photogenerated electrons in the highest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of TC-HAp were excited to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and subsequently migrated to the conduction band of HAp to achieve the efficient charge separation. Superoxide radicals and holes were found to be the major active species for TC degradation. The toxicity evaluation showed that TC could be transferred to the lower toxic intermediates, and deep oxidation with prolonged reaction time was necessary to eliminate the toxicity of TC. This work demonstrates the surface coordination with subsequent quasi p-n junction mechanism of TC degradation over HAp under visible light, which will stimulate us to explore new efficient photocatalytic systems for the degradation of various contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Wu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Qinge Fan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Penglong Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Caixia Feng
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Zhixian Chang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
| | - Wenpeng Wu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
| | - Ruifeng Chong
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys, Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Pollution, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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Yook H, Hwang J, Yeo W, Bang J, Kim J, Kim TY, Choi JS, Han JW. Design Strategies for Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials to Enhance Their Catalytic Performance and Applicability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204938. [PMID: 35917488 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a green catalyst that has a wide range of applications in catalysis due to its high flexibility and multifunctionality. These properties allow HAP to accommodate a large number of catalyst modifications that can selectively improve the catalytic performance in target reactions. To date, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the effect of HAP modification on the catalytic activities for various reactions. However, systematic design strategies for HAP catalysts are not established yet due to an incomplete understanding of underlying structure-activity relationships. In this review, tuning methods of HAP for improving the catalytic performance are discussed: 1) ionic composition change, 2) morphology control, 3) incorporation of other metal species, and 4) catalytic support engineering. Detailed mechanisms and effects of structural modulations on the catalytic performances for attaining the design insights of HAP catalysts are investigated. In addition, computational studies to understand catalytic reactions on HAP materials are also introduced. Finally, important areas for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Yook
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonsuk Yeo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungup Bang
- Catalyst R&D Division, LG Chem Ltd, 188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Catalyst R&D Division, LG Chem Ltd, 188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Soon Choi
- Catalyst R&D Division, LG Chem Ltd, 188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Mohammadpour A, Sheikhhosseini E. Synthesis of SrCO3 nanoparticles supported on montmorillonite as efficient catalyst in preparation of α, ά-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220314145346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
In the present study, the SrCO3@montmorillonite nanocomposite was synthesized by loading Sr(NO3)2 on natural bentonite using a controlled and facile microwave method. The SrCO3@montmorillonite nanoparticles characteristics are identified using advanced techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pore size distribution analysis. Crossed-aldol condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with cycloalkanone in the presence of these nanoparticles produced α, ά-bis(substituted-benzylidene) cycloalkanones in good yields without using any solvent. The present method is operationally simple and dosed not use organic solvent, which makes the process environmentally benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Mohammadpour
- Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
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Adsorption of malic acid at the hydroxyapatite/aqueous NaCl solution interface. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the study was the basic incidence on the phenomenon of adsorption that occurs at the hydroxyapatite/malic acid interface, leading to a change in the surface properties of hydroxyapatite, Analytical methods used in the research: X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as by the, adsorption–desorption of nitrogen (ASAP), potentiometric titration. The specific adsorption of malic acid ions at the hydroxyapatite interface was investigated by means of the radioisotope method. The zeta potential of hydroxyapatite dispersions was determined by electrophoresis with Zetasizer Nano ZS90 by Malvern. The particle sizes of hydroxyapatite samples were analyzed using Masteriszer 2000 Malvern. Studies on the kinetics of malic acid on hydroxyapatite from a solution with an initial concentration of 1 mmol/dm3 have shown that the adsorption process is initially fast, followed by a slow adsorption step. An increase in the pH of the solution causes a decrease in the malic acid adsorption as a result of competition with hydroxyl ions. The presence of adsorbed malic acid was confirmed by the FTIR measurements. The effect of malic acid adsorption on the zeta potential and particle size distribution of hydroxyapatite in the NaCl solution was investigated.
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Janusz W, Skwarek E. Adsorption of the Tartrate Ions in the Hydroxyapatite/Aqueous Solution of NaCl System. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113039. [PMID: 34204933 PMCID: PMC8199740 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The research on the interaction of tartrate ions with the surface of hydroskyapatite was presented, including the measurements of the kinetics of tartrate ion adsorption and tartrate ion adsorption as a function of pH. The adsorption of tartrate ions was calculated from the loss of tartrate concentration in the solution as measured by a radioisotope method using C-14 labeled tartaric acid. In order to explain the mechanism of interaction of tartrate ions with hydroxyapatite, supplementary measurements were carried out, i.e., potentiometric measurements of the balance of released/consumed ions in the hydroxyapatite/electrolyte solution system, zeta potential measurements, FTIR spectrophotometric measurements and the hydroxyapatite crystal structure and particle size distribution were characterized. It was found that the adsorption of tartrate ions occurs as a result of the exchange of these ions with hydroxyl, phosphate and carbonate ions. Replacing the ions with the abovementioned tartrate ions leads to the appearance of a negative charge on the surface of the hydroxapatite. On the basis of XRD study and particle size distribution, a decrease in the size of crystallites and the diameter of hydroxyapatite particles in contact with a solution of 0.001 mol/dm3 of tartaric acid was found.
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Muldoon JA, Harvey BG. Bio-Based Cycloalkanes: The Missing Link to High-Performance Sustainable Jet Fuels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5777-5807. [PMID: 32810345 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustainable energy solutions that reduce global carbon emissions, while maintaining high living standards, is one of the grand challenges of the current century. Transportation fuels are critical to economic development, globalization, and the advancement of society. Although ground vehicles and small aircraft are beginning a slow transition toward electric propulsion with energy sourced from solar radiation or wind, the extreme power requirements of jet aircraft require a more concentrated source of energy that is conveniently provided by liquid hydrocarbon fuels. This Review describes recent efforts to develop efficient routes for the conversion of crude biomass sources (e. g., lignocellulose) to cycloalkanes. These cycloalkanes impart advantageous properties to jet fuels, including increased density, higher volumetric heat of combustion, and enhanced operability. The combination of bio-based cycloalkanes and synthetic paraffinic kerosenes allows for the preparation of 100 % bio-based fuels that can outperform conventional petroleum-based fuels. In this Review methods are described that convert biomass-derived small molecules, including furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, cyclic ketones, phenolics, acyclic ketones, cyclic alcohols, furans, esters, and alkenes to high-density cycloalkanes. In addition to describing the chemical transformations and catalysts that have been developed to efficiently produce various cycloalkanes, this Review includes summaries of key fuel properties, which highlight the ability to generate fuels with customized performance metrics. This work is intended to inspire other researchers to study the conversion of sustainable feedstocks to full-performance aviation fuels. An acceleration of this research is critical to reducing the carbon footprint of commercial and military aviation on a timescale that will help blunt the impacts of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A Muldoon
- US NAVY, NAWCWD, Research Department, Chemistry Branch, China Lake, California, 93555, USA
| | - Benjamin G Harvey
- US NAVY, NAWCWD, Research Department, Chemistry Branch, China Lake, California, 93555, USA
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Comparison of Oxalate, Citrate and Tartrate Ions Adsorption in the Hydroxyapatite/Aqueous Electrolyte Solution System. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids4040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of adsorption/desorption of oxalate, citrate and tartrate anions was investigated using hydroxyapatite from solutions at the initial concentrations of 0.000001 and 0.001 mol/dm3 anions. The adsorption process from a solution with a concentration of 0.001 mol/dm3 takes place in three stages and is well described by the multiexponential equation of adsorption kinetics. The process of tartrate and citrate ion desorption after increasing the pH to 10 is irreversible, while the oxalate ions undergo significant desorption with the increasing pH. The adsorption of oxalate ions decreases with the increasing pH. This effect is weaker in the adsorption of citrate and tartrate ions. Ion adsorption studies were supplemented with the measurements of zeta potential, FTIR and particle distribution of hydroxyapatite particles.
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Das S, Banik R, Kumar B, Roy S, Noorussabah, Amhad K, Sukul PK. A Green Approach for Organic Transformations Using Microwave Reactor. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:730-764. [PMID: 31984890 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190412160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted organic transformation (MAOR) is presently gaining wide popularity in the field of organic synthesis. The conventional heating technique is gradually being removed from the laboratory and a novel microwave heating technique established to be used in both academia and industry. As compared to the classical organic methodology, the green technology tools have several advantages like dramatically reduced reaction times, improved yields, site selectivity, and the increased product purities with simplification of work-up procedures. In the current study, we have briefly described the overview of recent developments and applications of microwave irradiation in organic transformation with schematic compiling of the organic reactions, bioactive heterocyclic compounds, and so on. This review also presents a critical analysis of the various advantages of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis/transformation compared to the classical or conventional heating. So, we believe that our current study of the green microwave heating technique will be highly beneficial for the researchers from both academia and industry in their near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
| | - Rupak Banik
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala 799046, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
| | - Subhadip Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala 799046, India
| | - Noorussabah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
| | - Khursheed Amhad
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
| | - Pradip K Sukul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
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El Khouri A, Zegzouti A, Elaatmani M, Capitelli F. Bismuth-substituted hydroxyapatite ceramics synthesis: Morphological, structural, vibrational and dielectric properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Din ZU, Rodrigues-Filho E. Optimized one-pot synthesis of monoarylidene and unsymmetrical diarylidene cycloalkanones. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ravichandiran P, Kannan R, Ramasubbu A, Muthusubramanian S, Samuel VK. Green synthesis of 1,4-quinone derivatives and evaluation of their fluorescent and electrochemical properties. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Ahmadi S, Zare A, Aali-Hosaini M, Maghsoudi M, Izadpanah S, Parhami A, Merajoddin M. Design, characterization, and use of N,N-diethyl-N-sulfoethanaminium hydrogen sulfate {[Et3N-SO3H]HSO4} as a novel and highly efficient catalyst for preparation of α,α′-bis(arylidene)cycloalkanones. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structures of α, α′-bis(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanone derivatives by nano-TiO2/HOAc. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Amer W, Abdelouahdi K, Ramananarivo HR, Fihri A, El Achaby M, Zahouily M, Barakat A, Djessas K, Clark J, Solhy A. Smart designing of new hybrid materials based on brushite-alginate and monetite-alginate microspheres: bio-inspired for sequential nucleation and growth. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 35:341-6. [PMID: 24411386 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this report new hybrid materials based on brushite-alginate and monetite-alginate were prepared by self-assembling alginate chains and phosphate source ions via a gelation process with calcium ions. The alginate served as nanoreactor for nucleation and growth of brushite or/and monetite due to its gelling and swelling properties. The alginate gel framework, the crystalline phase and morphology of formed hybrid biomaterials were shown to be strongly dependent upon the concentration of the phosphate precursors. These materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Amer
- MAScIR Foundation, INANOTECH, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karima Abdelouahdi
- Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST), Division UATRS, Angle Allal Fassi/FAR, B.P. 8027, Hay Riad, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hugo Ronald Ramananarivo
- MAScIR Foundation, INANOTECH, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aziz Fihri
- MAScIR Foundation, INANOTECH, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- MAScIR Foundation, INANOTECH, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II, Mohammedia B.P. 146, 20650, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Barakat
- SUPAGRO-INRA-CIRAD-UMR IATE 1208, Ingenierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2, Place Pierre Viala-Bât 31, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | | | - James Clark
- Green Chemistry, Centre of Excellence, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Abderrahim Solhy
- MAScIR Foundation, INANOTECH, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat El Irfane 10100 Rabat, Morocco.
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A facile solvent free Claisen-Schmidt reaction: synthesis of α,α'-bis-(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones and α,α'-bis-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones. Molecules 2012; 17:571-83. [PMID: 22231494 PMCID: PMC6269007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent-free Claisen-Schmidt reactions of cycloalkanones with various substituted benzaldehydes (aryl aldehydes) using solid NaOH (20 mol%) and applying a grinding technique were studied. Quantitative yields (96-98%) of α,α'-bis-(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones were obtained. Aliphatic aldehydes also provided α,α'-bis-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones in very good yields with minor amounts of a-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones. The catalytic performance of solid NaOH was examined. The molar ratio of NaOH was optimized. The catalytic effect of solid NaOH was also evaluated by comparing it with KOH, NaOAc, and NH(4)OAc and it turns out that 20 mol% of solid NaOH was good enough to catalyze the Claisen-Schmidt reactions of cycloalkanones with various substituted benzaldehydes. Additionally, the regioselectivity of the Claisen-Schmidt reaction of acetone with benzaldehyde was examined. Using the same method, we could synthesize the corresponding bis-benzylidene- and mono-benzylideneacetone separately in 98% and 96% yields, respectively.
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Gawande MB, Branco PS, Parghi K, Shrikhande JJ, Pandey RK, Ghumman CAA, Bundaleski N, Teodoro OMND, Jayaram RV. Synthesis and characterization of versatile MgO–ZrO2 mixed metal oxide nanoparticles and their applications. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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