1
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Kolagkis PX, Galathri EM, Kokotos CG. Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel-Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:379-426. [PMID: 38410780 PMCID: PMC10896228 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of indoles and their derivatives, more specifically bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs), has been an area of great interest in organic chemistry, since these compounds exhibit a range of interesting biological and pharmacological properties. BIMs are naturally found in cruciferous vegetables and have been shown to be effective antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and even anticancer agents. Traditionally, the synthesis of BIMs has been achieved upon the acidic condensation of an aldehyde with indole, utilizing a variety of protic or Lewis acids. However, due to the increased environmental awareness of our society, the focus has shifted towards the development of greener synthetic technologies, like photocatalysis, organocatalysis, the use of nanocatalysts, microwave irradiation, ball milling, continuous flow, and many more. Thus, in this review, we summarize the medicinal properties of BIMs and the developed BIM synthetic protocols, utilizing the reaction between aldehydes with indoles, while focusing on the more environmentally friendly methods developed over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis X Kolagkis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Eirini M Galathri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
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2
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Chang MY, Lin CY, Chen SM. Gram-Scale Synthesis of Substituted Triarylmethanes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1863-3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a high-yield, open-vessel route for the facile-operational, gram-scale synthesis of functionalized triarylmethanes (TRAMs) is described via silica coated magnetic nanoparticles of modified polyphosphoric acid (NiFe2O4@SiO2-PPA)-mediated intermolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of substituted arylaldehydes with 2 equivalents of oxygenated arenes under environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Among the overall reaction process, only water was generated as the byproduct. Various reaction conditions are investigated for efficient transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Mei Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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3
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Kumar R, prajapati S, Rastogi SK, Singh A, Bharati M, Deshmukh MM, Sinha AK. Friedel‐Crafts‐type Reaction of (Het)Arenes with Aldehydes/Ketones under Acid‐Free Conditions using Neutral Ionic Liquid: A Convenient Routes to bis(Indolyl)methanes and Beyond. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur road 226031 LUCKNOW INDIA
| | - santosh prajapati
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | - Sumit K. Rastogi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | - Akansha Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
| | - Mini Bharati
- Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya: Dr Hari Singh Gour University Department of Chemistry INDIA
| | - Milind M. Deshmukh
- Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya: Dr Hari Singh Gour University Department of Chemistry 470003 Sagar INDIA
| | - Arun K. Sinha
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division Medicinal and Process Chemistry Sector 10, Jankipuram ExtensionSitapur Road 226031 Lucknow INDIA
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Mitra B, Ghosh P. Humic acid: A Biodegradable Organocatalyst for Solvent‐free Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes, Bis(pyrazolyl)methanes, Bis‐coumarins and Bis‐lawsones. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijeta Mitra
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India
| | - Pranab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Dist. Darjeeling West Bengal India
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5
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Tarin M, Moghadam SM, Salehi S, Fateh DS. Dual Catalytic Activity of Amberlyst-15 in the Large-scale and Sustainable Synthesis of Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate (DOSS). LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666191009105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS) as a unique material both as a drug and surfactant was synthesized by a facile and economical synthetic method. In this project, Amberlyst-15 was selected as a heterogeneous recyclable bronsted solid acid for this synthesis both in the esterification of maleic anhydride and sulfonation of dioctyl maleate (DOM) ester. This catalyst was easily recovered and reused at least for 13 consecutive cycles without a significant loss in the catalytic activity. In this paper, we wish to uncover a catalytic approach for the synthesis of DOSS through a recyclable, easily recoverable, and commercially available catalyst, namely Amberlyst 15, under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Tarin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed M.M. Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samie Salehi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Davod S. Fateh
- Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Iran
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6
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Gambaro S, La Manna P, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Neri P. The Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule as a Brønsted Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(heteroaryl)methanes in a Nanoconfined Space. Front Chem 2019; 7:687. [PMID: 31696107 PMCID: PMC6817573 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we show that the hexameric resorcinarene capsule C is able to catalyze the formation of bis(heteroaryl)methanes by reaction between pyrroles or indoles and carbonyl compounds (α-ketoesters or aldehydes) in excellent yields and selectivity. Our results suggest that the capsule can play a double catalytic role as a H-bond catalyst, for the initial activation of the carbonyl substrate, and as a Brønsted acid catalyst, for the dehydration of the intermediate alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gambaro
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pellegrino La Manna
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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7
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Kshatriya R, Jejurkar VP, Saha S. Advances in The Catalytic Synthesis of Triarylmethanes (TRAMs). European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajpratap Kshatriya
- Department of Dyestuff Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; 400019 Mumbai, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai India
| | - Valmik P. Jejurkar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; 400019 Mumbai, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai India
| | - Satyajit Saha
- Department of Dyestuff Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; 400019 Mumbai, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai India
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8
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Khazaei A, Zolfigol MA, Faal-Rastegar T. Ionic Liquid Tributyl (Carboxymethyl) Phosphonium Bromide as an efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of bis(indolyl)Methanes under Solvent-Free Conditions. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13787959859380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Khazaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Zip Code 65178, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Toktam Faal-Rastegar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Zip Code 65178, Hamedan, Iran
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9
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Gu YC, Hu RM, Li MM, Xu DZ. Iron-containing ionic liquid as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of C3-substituted indole derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Gu
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, School of Science; Tianjin Chengjian University; Tianjin 300384 People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ming Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Zhen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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10
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One-pot solvent-free synthesis of triaryl- and triheteroarylmethanes by Bi(OTf)3-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction of arenes/heteroarenes with trialkyl orthoformates. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Baskın D, Çetinkaya Y, Balci M. Synthesis of dipyrrolo-diazepine derivatives via intramolecular alkyne cyclization. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Chatterjee R, Mahato S, Santra S, Zyryanov GV, Hajra A, Majee A. Imidazolium Zwitterionic Molten Salt: An Efficient Organocatalyst under Neat Conditions at Room Temperature for the Synthesis of Dipyrromethanes as well as Bis(indolyl)methanes. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Chatterjee
- Department of ChemistryVisva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan 731235 India
| | - Sachinta Mahato
- Department of ChemistryVisva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan 731235 India
| | - Sougata Santra
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryChemical Engineering InstituteUral Federal University 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryChemical Engineering InstituteUral Federal University 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic SynthesisUral Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of ChemistryVisva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan 731235 India
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of ChemistryVisva-Bharati (A Central University) Santiniketan 731235 India
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13
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Gao G, Han Y, Zhang ZH. Catalyst Free Synthesis of Bis(Indolyl)Methanes and 3,3-Bis(Indolyl)oxindoles in Aqueous Ethyl Lactate. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 (P. R. China
| | - Yi Han
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 (P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Hui Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 (P. R. China
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14
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Chu GM, Fernández I, Guerrero-Martínez A, Ramírez de Arellano C, Sierra MA. Fluorescence Quenching in BODIPYs Having Ir- and Rh-Tethered Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Liang Y, Wang J, Cheng C, Jing H. Lewis acidic ionic liquids of crown ether complex cations: preparation and applications in organic reactions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21947k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New Lewis acidic ionic liquids composed of crown ether complex cations were designed, synthesised and characterised by Raman, MS, FT-IR, TGA-DSC and elemental analysis. They have been successfully used in various organic reactions as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University
- Gansu 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University
- Gansu 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University
- Gansu 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Huangwang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University
- Gansu 730000
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
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16
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Senapak W, Saeeng R, Jaratjaroonphong J, Kasemsuk T, Sirion U. Green synthesis of dipyrromethanes in aqueous media catalyzed by SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1302-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01953b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A mild, efficient and metal-free method was described for the green synthesis of dipyrromethanes from aldehydes and unsubstituted pyrrole catalyzed by SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids (SO3H-ILs) in aqueous media at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Senapak
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Burapha University
- Chonburi 20131
- Thailand
| | - R. Saeeng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Burapha University
- Chonburi 20131
- Thailand
| | - J. Jaratjaroonphong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Burapha University
- Chonburi 20131
- Thailand
| | - T. Kasemsuk
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Burapha University
- Chonburi 20131
- Thailand
| | - U. Sirion
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Burapha University
- Chonburi 20131
- Thailand
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17
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Novel heterogeneous catalyst systems based on Pd(0) nanoparticles onto amine functionalized silica-cellulose substrates [Pd(0)-EDA/SCs]: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity toward C–C and C–S coupling reactions in water under limiting basic conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Kaur G, Vadekeetil A, Harjai K, Singh V. Synthesis of α-acylamino-amide-bis (indolyl) methane heterocycles by sequential one pot condensation-Ugi/Passerini reactions and their antimicrobial evaluation. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Song Y, Cheng C, Jing H. Aza-Crown Ether Complex Cation Ionic Liquids: Preparation and Applications in Organic Reactions. Chemistry 2014; 20:12894-900. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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21
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Room temperature ionic liquid choline chloride–oxalic acid: A versatile catalyst for acid-catalyzed transformation in organic reactions. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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An Eco-Friendly Improved Protocol for the Synthesis of Bis(3-indolyl)methanes Using Poly(4-vinylpyridinium)hydrogen Sulfate as Efficient, Heterogeneous, and Recyclable Solid Acid Catalyst. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:616932. [PMID: 24052864 PMCID: PMC3774024 DOI: 10.1155/2013/616932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of bis(3-indolyl)methanes by the electrophilic substitution reaction of indole with aldehydes catalyzed by poly(4-vinylpyridinium)hydrogen sulfate was described. Excellent yields, shorter reaction times, simple work-up procedure, avoiding hazardous organic solvents, and reusability of the catalyst are the most obvious advantages of this method.
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23
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Heteroporphyrins. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396531-8.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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