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Gamelas SRD, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Lourenço LMO. Advances in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewaters: harnessing the power of phthalocyanines and phthalocyanine-containing materials. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33957-33993. [PMID: 38019980 PMCID: PMC10658578 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06598g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to clean water is increasingly challenging worldwide due to human activities and climate change. Wastewater treatment and utilization offer a promising solution by reducing the reliance on pure underground water. However, it is crucial to develop efficient and sustainable methods for wastewater purification. Among the emerging wastewater treatment strategies, photocatalysis has gained significant attention for decomposing organic pollutants in water, especially when combined with sunlight and a recoverable photocatalyst. Heterogeneous photocatalysts have distinct advantages, as they can be recovered and reused without significant loss of activity over multiple cycles. Phthalocyanine dyes, with their exceptional photophysical properties, are particularly valuable for homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis. By immobilizing these photosensitizers in various supports, hybrid materials extend their light absorption into the visible spectrum, complementing most supports' limited UV light absorption. The novelty and research importance of this review stems from its discussion of the multifaceted approach to treating contaminated wastewater with phthalocyanines and materials containing phthalocyanines. It highlights key aspects of each study, including photocatalytic efficiency, recyclability characteristics, investigation of the generation of oxygen species responsible for degradation, identification of the major degradation byproducts for each pollutant, and others. Moreover, the review includes tables that illustrate and compare the various phthalocyanines and supporting materials employed in each study for pollutant degradation. Additionally, almost all photocatalysts mentioned in this review could degrade at least 5% of the pollutant, and more than 50 photocatalysts showed photocatalytic rates above 50%. When immobilized in some support, the synergistic effect of the phthalocyanine was visible in the photocatalytic rate of the studied pollutant. However, when performing these types of works, it is necessary to understand the degradation products of each pollutant and their relative toxicities. Along with this, recyclability and stability studies are also necessary. Despite the good results presented in this review, some of the works lack those studies. Moreover, none of the works mentions any study in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R D Gamelas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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Trousil V, Černý J, Kořínková R, Pummerová M, Mikulcová V, Herynková M. Degradation of a model dye with zinc phthalocyanine sulphonamide embedded in polymer matrices. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang JC, Li Y, Li H, Cui ZH, Hou Y, Shi W, Jiang K, Qu L, Zhang YP. A novel synthesis of oleophylic Fe 2O 3/polystyrene fibers by γ-Ray irradiation for the enhanced photocatalysis of 4-chlorophenol and 4-nitrophenol degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120806. [PMID: 31254785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation by efficient and easy recyclable semiconductor-catalysts is an ideal way to solve the environmental problem. A series of Fe2O3/Polystyrene (Fe2O3/PS) composite fibers with hydrophobic property were obtained by the electrospinning and γ-Ray irradiation methods. The γ-Ray irradiation treatment not only formed steady micro-nano construction of nanoparticles and fiber, but also reduced the hydroxyl group on Fe2O3 surface. The high photocatalytic efficiencies of Fe2O3/PS fiber were discovered with the high content of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), due to the synergetic effect of adsorption and degradation. The suitable adsorption capacity of Fe2O3/PS could promote the utilization of the generated hydroxyl radical(OH) to directly oxidize the adsorbed pollutant molecules. Additionally, the photocatalytic activities for 4-CP and 4-NP still reached 80% and 75% in the 6th cycling and the composite fiber exhibited the good recyclability, which has the application development prospect for wastewater treatment. The mechanism of 4-CP and 4-NP decomposition was verified. Hence, the gained results could provide some insights into phenol degradation over the multifunctional and efficient catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China; School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Heng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Weina Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
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Silva RN, Vijayan AN, Westbrook E, Yu Z, Zhang P. Nanoparticle assisted nuclear relaxation-based oligonucleotide detection. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1062:118-123. [PMID: 30947987 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present a proof-of-concept "on-off" detection scheme, which uses gadolinium phthalocyanine (GdTcPc)-grafted silica nanoparticles as paramagnetic centers, capable of modifying the transverse relaxation time (T2) of water protons in solution. A DNA strand (as probe) was conjugated to the GdTcPc to act as a recognition element. In the presence of the target DNA, which was complementary to the probe, an increase in the T2 value was detected, with magnitude proportional to the target DNA concentration. The linear range was observed from 30 to 140 nM, with limit of detection of 15 nM. The developed nuclear relaxation-based detection scheme is shown to be a simple, fast and selective method to detect DNA and could be useful in point-of-care diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Anjaly N Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Emily Westbrook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Zhao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
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Al-Sagur H, Komathi S, Karakaş H, Atilla D, Gürek A, Basova T, Farmilo N, Hassan A. A glucose biosensor based on novel Lutetium bis-phthalocyanine incorporated silica-polyaniline conducting nanobeads. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 102:637-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fernández L, Esteves VI, Cunha Â, Schneider RJ, Tomé JP. Photodegradation of organic pollutants in water by immobilized porphyrins and phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461630007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
New methods for water treatment are required as a result from an increasing awareness in the reduction of the pollution impact in the environment. In the perspective of the photo-oxidation of organic pollutants present in water, the principal incentive for the preparation of heterogeneous photocatalysts is their easy recovery from the reaction mixture, which allows their reuse in successive runs, minimizing the loss of their original photocatalytic properties. Different types of supports can be used in the immobilization of photoactive species, such as porphyrins (Pors) and phthalocyanines (Pcs). This mini-review will consider the different methodologies for the immobilization of Pors and Pcs and their photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of organic pollutants in water, addressing also their recycling ability in successive water treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fernández
- QOPNA, and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I. Esteves
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J. Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, D-12205, Germany
| | - João P.C. Tomé
- QOPNA, and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent, B-9000, Belgium
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Mosinger J, Lang K, Kubát P. Photoactivatable Nanostructured Surfaces for Biomedical Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 370:135-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22942-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Managa M, Amuhaya EK, Nyokong T. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activity of (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(4-carboxyphenycarbonoimidoyl)phenyl)porphyrinato) chloro gallium(III). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 151:867-874. [PMID: 26184471 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
(5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-(4-carboxyphenycarbonoimidoyl)phenyl)porphyrinato) chloro gallium(III) (complex 1) was conjugated to platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) (represented as 1-PtNPs). The resulting conjugate showed 18 nm red shift in the Soret band when compared to 1 alone. Complex 1 and 1-PtNPs showed promising photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in solution where the log reductions obtained were 4.92, 3.76, and 3.95, respectively for 1-PtNPs. The singlet oxygen quantum yields obtained were higher at 0.56 for 1-PtNPs in DMF while that of 1 was 0.52 in the same solvent. This resulted in improved PACT activity for 1-PtNPs compared to 1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthumuni Managa
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Edith K Amuhaya
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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Managa M, Nyokong T. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy activity of gallium tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin when conjugated to differently shaped platinum nanoparticles. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Acar I, Bayrak R, Saka ET, Bıyıklıoğlu Z, Kantekin H. Novel metal-free, metallophthalocyanines and their quaternized derivatives: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and catalytic activity of cobalt phthalocyanine in 4-nitrophenol oxidation. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zugle R, Nyokong T. Comparative phototransformation of environmental pollutants using metallophthalocyanines supported on electrospun polymer fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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