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Shokri A, Nasernejad B, Sanavi Fard M. Challenges and Future Roadmaps in Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process for Wastewater Treatment. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:153. [PMID: 36844633 PMCID: PMC9942065 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of heterogeneous electro-Fenton technology on the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in wastewater is glaringly obvious. This green technology can be effectively harnessed for addressing ever-increasing water-related challenges. Due to its outstanding performance, eco-friendliness, easy automation, and operability over a wide range of pH, it has garnered significant attention from different wastewater treatment research communities. This review paper briefly discusses the principal mechanism of the electro-Fenton process, the crucial properties of a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton system enabled with Fe-functionalized cathodic materials, and its essential operating parameters. Moreover, the authors comprehensively explored the major challenges that prevent the commercialization of the electro-Fenton process and propose future research pathways to countervail those disconcerting challenges. Synthesizing heterogeneous catalysts by application of advanced materials for maximizing their reusability and stability, the full realization of H2O2 activation mechanism, conduction of life-cycle assessment to explore environmental footprints and potential adverse effects of side-products, scale-up from lab-scale to industrial scale, and better reactor design, fabrication of electrodes with state-of-the-art technologies, using the electro-Fenton process for treatment of biological contaminants, application of different effective cells in the electro-Fenton process, hybridization of the electro-Fenton with other wastewater treatments technologies and full-scale analysis of economic costs are key recommendations which deserve considerable scholarly attention. Finally, it concludes that by implementing all the abovementioned gaps, the commercialization of electro-Fenton technology would be a realistic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shokri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413 Iran
- Jundi-Shapur Research Institute, Jundishapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
| | - Bahram Nasernejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413 Iran
| | - Mahdi Sanavi Fard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
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2
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Fu X, Du Y, Liu F, Yang J, He R, Fu G, Yang X. Double-shelled hollow polymer microspheres as acid and metallic colloid bi-functional catalyst for a deactalization-hydrogenation tandem reaction. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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DFT calculations on selectivity enhancement by Br addition on Pd catalysts in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Sandri F, Danieli M, Zecca M, Centomo P. Comparing Catalysts of the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Organic Solvent: is the Measure of the Product an Issue? ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sandri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Mattia Danieli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Paolo Centomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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5
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Kim MC, Han SS. Electrochemically Modeling a Nonelectrochemical System: Hydrogen Peroxide Direct Synthesis on Palladium Catalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4490-4495. [PMID: 33956453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonelectrochemical hydrogen peroxide direct synthesis (HPDS) under ambient conditions is an environmentally benign and energy-efficient process that produces a green oxidizer, yet the reaction mechanism of HPDS is still controversial. Inspired by the recently suggested heterolytic mechanism that involves electron and proton transfer at Pd catalysts, we propose a new electrochemical density functional theory (DFT) model that combines the Butler-Volmer equation and constant-potential DFT with hybrid explicit-implicit solvent treatment. Application of this model to Pd surfaces showed that the heterolytic mechanism has a lower barrier for the protonation steps for H2O2 production than for the nonelectrochemical hydrogenation steps, leading to advantageous kinetics for H2O2 production over H2O production, while the conventionally accepted Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism fails to explain the experimental kinetics. This work resolves the unanswered discrepancies between previous experimental and DFT results, and we expect that these results will readily help the systematic development of improved catalysts for HPDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kim
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Han
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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6
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Naina VR, Wang S, Sharapa DI, Zimmermann M, Hähsler M, Niebl-Eibenstein L, Wang J, Wöll C, Wang Y, Singh SK, Studt F, Behrens S. Shape-Selective Synthesis of Intermetallic Pd 3Pb Nanocrystals and Enhanced Catalytic Properties in the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Reddy Naina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sheng Wang
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmermann
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Hähsler
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Niebl-Eibenstein
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Junjun Wang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Engesserstr. 20, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Yang X, Sun Z, Huang X, Zhang M, Bian G, Qi Y, Yang X. Palladium functionalized yolk-shell nanorattles with tunable surface wettability for controllable catalytic selectivity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Crystal refinement of rutile by sonochemical method to achieve high performance Pd catalysts for direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Wang S, Doronkin DE, Hähsler M, Huang X, Wang D, Grunwaldt J, Behrens S. Palladium-Based Bimetallic Nanocrystal Catalysts for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3243-3251. [PMID: 32233108 PMCID: PMC7318153 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of H2 O2 from H2 and O2 is a strongly desired reaction for green processes and a promising alternative to the commercialized anthraquinone process. The design of efficient catalysts with high activity and H2 O2 selectivity is highly desirable and yet challenging. Metal dopants enhance the performance of the active phase by increasing reaction rates, stability, and/or selectivity. The identification of efficient dopants relies mostly on catalysts prepared with a random and non-uniform deposition of active and promoter phases. To study the promotional effects of metal doping on Pd catalysts, we employ colloidal, bimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) to produce catalysts in which the active and doping metals are colocalized to a fine extent. In the absence of any acid and halide promotors, PdSn and PdGa NCs supported on acid-pretreated TiO2 (PdSn/s-TiO2 , PdGa/s-TiO2 ) were highly efficient and outperformed the monometallic Pd catalyst (Pd/s-TiO2 ), whereas in the presence of an acid promotor, the overall H2 O2 productivity was also further enhanced for the Ni-, Ga-, In-, and Sn-doped catalysts with respect to Pd/s-TiO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Dmitry E. Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Martin Hähsler
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro FacilityKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRuprecht-Karls University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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10
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Yu T, Breslin CB. Graphene-Modified Composites and Electrodes and Their Potential Applications in the Electro-Fenton Process. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2254. [PMID: 32422892 PMCID: PMC7288041 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, graphene-based materials have been identified as an emerging and promising new material in electro-Fenton, with the potential to form highly efficient metal-free catalysts that can be employed in the removal of contaminants from water, conserving precious water resources. In this review, the recent applications of graphene-based materials in electro-Fenton are described and discussed. Initially, homogenous and heterogenous electro-Fenton methods are briefly introduced, highlighting the importance of the generation of H2O2 from the two-electron reduction of dissolved oxygen and its catalysed decomposition to produce reactive and oxidising hydroxy radicals. Next, the promising applications of graphene-based electrodes in promoting this two-electron oxygen reduction reaction are considered and this is followed by an account of the various graphene-based materials that have been used successfully to give highly efficient graphene-based cathodes in electro-Fenton. In particular, graphene-based composites that have been combined with other carbonaceous materials, doped with nitrogen, formed as highly porous aerogels, three-dimensional materials and porous gas diffusion electrodes, used as supports for iron oxides and functionalised with ferrocene and employed in the more effective heterogeneous electro-Fenton, are all reviewed. It is perfectly clear that graphene-based materials have the potential to degrade and mineralise dyes, pharmaceutical compounds, antibiotics, phenolic compounds and show tremendous potential in electro-Fenton and other advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmel B. Breslin
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
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11
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Liu P, Lin Q, Pan H, Zhao J, Zhao C, Wang Y. Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen over yolk–shell nanocatalyst Pd@HCS with controlled Pd nanoparticle size. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Kim D, Nam H, Cho YH, Yeo BC, Cho SH, Ahn JP, Lee KY, Lee SY, Han SS. Unlocking the Potential of Nanoparticles Composed of Immiscible Elements for Direct H2O2 Synthesis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghun Kim
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyobin Nam
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Yeo
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hye Cho
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pyung Ahn
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Lee
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Han
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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13
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Sharapa DI, Doronkin DE, Studt F, Grunwaldt JD, Behrens S. Moving Frontiers in Transition Metal Catalysis: Synthesis, Characterization and Modeling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807381. [PMID: 30803078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized transition metal particles are important materials in catalysis with a key role not only in academic research but also in many processes with industrial and societal relevance. Although small improvements in catalytic properties can lead to significant economic and environmental impacts, it is only now that knowledge-based design of such materials is emerging, partly because the understanding of catalytic mechanisms on nanoparticle surfaces is increasingly improving. A knowledge-based design requires bottom-up synthesis of well-defined model catalysts, an understanding of the catalytic nanomaterials "at work" (operando), and both a detailed understanding and a prediction by theoretical methods. This article reports on progress in colloidal synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles for preparation of model catalysts to close the materials gap between the discoveries of fundamental surface science and industrial application. The transition metal particles, however, often undergo extensive transformations when applied to the catalytic process and much progress has recently been achieved operando characterization techniques under relevant reaction conditions. They allow better understanding of size/structure-activity correlations in these systems. Moreover, the growth of computing power and the improvement of theoretical methods uncover mechanisms on nanoparticles and have recently predicted highly active particles for CO/CO2 hydrogenation or direct H2 O2 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Sharapa
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry E Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Silke Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Looking for the “Dream Catalyst” for Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Hydrogen and Oxygen. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen is in principle the simplest method to form hydrogen peroxide, but it is still a “dream process”, thus needing a “dream catalyst”. The aim of this review is to analyze critically the different heterogeneous catalysts used for the direct synthesis of H2O2 trying to determine the features that the ideal or “dream catalyst” should possess. This analysis will refer specifically to the following points: (i) the choice of the metal; (ii) the metal promoters used to improve the activity and/or the selectivity; (iii) the role of different supports and their acidic properties; (iv) the addition of halide promoters to inhibit undesired side reactions; (v) the addition of other promoters; (vi) the effects of particle morphology; and (vii) the effects of different synthetic methods on catalyst morphology and performance.
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15
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Boosting the Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts for H2O2 Direct Synthesis by Infrared Spectroscopy. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is among the most powerful spectroscopic techniques available for the morphological and physico-chemical characterization of catalytic systems, since it provides information on (i) the surface sites at an atomic level, (ii) the nature and structure of the surface or adsorbed species, as well as (iii) the strength of the chemical bonds and (iv) the reaction mechanism. In this review, an overview of the main contributions that have been determined, starting from IR absorption spectroscopy studies of catalytic systems for H2O2 direct synthesis, is given. Which kind of information can be extracted from IR data? IR spectroscopy detects the vibrational transitions induced in a material by interaction with an electromagnetic field in the IR range. To be IR active, a change in the dipole moment of the species must occur, according to well-defined selection rules. The discussion will be focused on the advancing research in the use of probe molecules to identify (and possibly, quantify) specific catalytic sites. The experiments that will be presented and discussed have been carried out mainly in the mid-IR frequency range, between approximately 700 and 4000 cm−1, in which most of the molecular vibrations absorb light. Some challenging possibilities of utilizing IR spectroscopy for future characterization have also been envisaged.
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16
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Tian P, Ding D, Sun Y, Xuan F, Xu X, Xu J, Han YF. Theoretical study of size effects on the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide over palladium catalysts. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Lewis
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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18
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Quon S, Jo DY, Han GH, Han SS, Seo MG, Lee KY. Role of Pt atoms on Pd(1 1 1) surface in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide: Nano-catalytic experiments and DFT calculations. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Cho A, Han GH, Kim JS, Lee JC, Ahn JP, Lee KY, Yu T. Aqueous-phase synthesis of Pd/TiO2/Fe3O4 hybrid nanostructures and their enhanced catalytic properties. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Recent Advances in the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Chemical Catalysis—A Review. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8090379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is an important chemical of increasing demand in today’s world. Currently, the anthraquinone autoxidation process dominates the industrial production of hydrogen peroxide. Herein, hydrogen and oxygen are reacted indirectly in the presence of quinones to yield hydrogen peroxide. Owing to the complexity and multi-step nature of the process, it is advantageous to replace the process with an easier and straightforward one. The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from its constituent reagents is an effective and clean route to achieve this goal. Factors such as water formation due to thermodynamics, explosion risk, and the stability of the hydrogen peroxide produced hinder the applicability of this process at an industrial level. Currently, the catalysis for the direct synthesis reaction is palladium based and the research into finding an effective and active catalyst has been ongoing for more than a century now. Palladium in its pure form, or alloyed with certain metals, are some of the new generation of catalysts that are extensively researched. Additionally, to prevent the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water, the process is stabilized by adding certain promoters such as mineral acids and halides. A major part of today’s research in this field focusses on the reactor and the mode of operation required for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide. The emergence of microreactor technology has helped in setting up this synthesis in a continuous mode, which could possibly replace the anthraquinone process in the near future. This review will focus on the recent findings of the scientific community in terms of reaction engineering, catalyst and reactor design in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide.
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21
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Lee S, Jeong H, Chung YM. Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide over Pd/C catalyst prepared by selective adsorption deposition method. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Sierra-Salazar AF, Li WJ, Bathfield M, Ayral A, Abate S, Chave T, Nikitenko SI, Hulea V, Perathoner S, Lacroix-Desmazes P. Hierarchically porous Pd/SiO2 catalyst by combination of miniemulsion polymerisation and sol-gel method for the direct synthesis of H2O2. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Navlani-García M, Verma P, Mori K, Kuwahara Y, Yamashita H. Morphology-controlled Pd nanocrystals as catalysts in tandem dehydrogenation-hydrogenation reactions. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Seo MG, Lee DW, Han SS, Lee KY. Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Hydrogen and Oxygen over Mesoporous Silica-Shell-Coated, Palladium-Nanocrystal-Grafted SiO2 Nanobeads. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dae-Won Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Han
- Computational
Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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25
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Seo MG, Kim HJ, Han SS, Lee KY. Effect of shell thickness of Pd core-porous SiO2 shell catalysts on direct synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Hydrogen and Oxygen Using Tailored Pd Nanocatalysts: A Review of Recent Findings. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-016-9221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Jeong HE, Kim S, Seo MG, Lee DW, Lee KY. Catalytic activity of Pd octahedrons/SiO 2 for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Seo MG, Kim S, Jeong HE, Lee DW, Lee KY. A yolk–shell structured Pd@void@ZrO2 catalyst for direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Yi Y, Wang L, Li G, Guo H. A review on research progress in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen: noble-metal catalytic method, fuel-cell method and plasma method. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01567g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2 using Pd catalyst, fuel cell and plasma methods have been reviewed systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Catalytic Chemistry and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 16024
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Catalytic Chemistry and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 16024
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Catalytic Chemistry and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 16024
| | - Hongchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Catalytic Chemistry and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 16024
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30
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Gemo N, Salmi T, Biasi P. The use of modelling to understand the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide direct synthesis from batch, semibatch and continuous reactor points of view. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modelling is a powerful tool to understand the mechanism of H2O2 direct synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gemo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Åbo-Turku
- Finland
| | - Tapio Salmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Åbo-Turku
- Finland
| | - Pierdomenico Biasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Åbo-Turku
- Finland
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31
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Gemo N, Sterchele S, Biasi P, Centomo P, Canu P, Zecca M, Shchukarev A, Kordás K, Salmi TO, Mikkola JP. The influence of catalyst amount and Pd loading on the H2O2 synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00493d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct synthesis of H2O2: structure sensitivity in H2O2 production and structure insensitivity in the H2O production were proved with a Pd/K2621 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gemo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale
- University of Padova
- Padova
- Italy
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Stefano Sterchele
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Åbo-Turku
- Finland
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
| | - Pierdomenico Biasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Åbo-Turku
- Finland
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Paolo Centomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- University of Padova
- Padova
- Italy
| | - Paolo Canu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale
- University of Padova
- Padova
- Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- University of Padova
- Padova
- Italy
| | | | - Krisztián Kordás
- Microelectronics and Materials Physics Laboratories
- University of Oulu
- FI-90014 Oulu
- Finland
| | - Tapio Olavi Salmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Åbo-Turku
- Finland
| | - Jyri-Pekka Mikkola
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Åbo-Turku
- Finland
- Department of Chemistry
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32
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Han Y, He Z, Wang S, Li W, Zhang J. Performance of facet-controlled Pd nanocrystals in 2-ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pd (100) facet is more active than Pd (111) in CO hydrogenation but less active in saturation of aromatic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Suli Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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33
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Carbon-supported palladium catalysts for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Kim S, Lee DW, Lee KY. Shape-dependent catalytic activity of palladium nanoparticles for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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