Immobilized palladium metal containing ionic liquid catalyzed one step synthesis of isoindole-1,3-diones by carbonylative cyclization reaction

Supported Palladium Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling Reactions using Carbon Monoxide as C1 Source

The carbonylative reactions of aryl halides, boronic acids, amines, activated alkene and alkynes under CO and supported palladium catalyzed conditions are very popular reactions for the synthesis of bioactive molecules, pharmaceuticals, polymers, peptides, intermediates and fine chemicals synthesis. Due to cost effectiveness and easy handling of recyclable supported palladium catalyst, it became more popular among researchers either working in academic institute or industry. In recent years, irrespective of poisoning effect of CO with palladium as major limitation, several advancements have been done through surface selection, designing and condition improvement to achieve high yield in the area of carbonylative coupling reactions. We hope this review will be helpful as a ready reference of last 20 years in the field of CO insertion reactions using diverse range of supported palladium catalysts under carbon monoxide or its sources as C1 source.

"On water" nano-Cu2O-catalyzed CO-free one-pot multicomponent cascade cyanation-annulation-aminolysis reaction toward phthalimides

An efficient nano-Cu2O-catalyzed cascade multicomponent reaction of 2-halobenzoic acids and trimethylsilyl cyanide with diverse amines was developed using water as a solvent, affording versatile N-substituted phthalimide derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. This novel strategy features carbon monoxide gas-free, environmentally benign, one-pot multistep transformation, commercially available reagents, a cheap catalyst without any additives, wide functional group tolerance, and operational convenience.

Supported palladium catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides employing bench-stable CO and NH3 surrogates

A simple, efficient and phosphine free protocol for carbonylative synthesis of primary aromatic amides under polystyrene supported palladium (Pd@PS) nanoparticle (NP) catalyzed conditions has been demonstrated. Herein, instead of using two toxic and difficult to handle gases simultaneously, we have employed the solid, economical, bench stable oxalic acid as the CO source and ammonium carbamate as the NH3 source in a single pot reaction. For the first time, we have applied two non-gaseous surrogates simultaneously under heterogeneous catalyst (Pd@PS) conditions for the synthesis of primary amides using an easy to handle double-vial (DV) system. The developed strategy showed a good functional group tolerance towards a wide range of aryl iodides and afforded primary aromatic amides in good yields. The Pd@PS catalyst was easy to separate and can be recycled up to four consecutive runs with small loss in catalytic activity. We have successfully extended the scope of the methodology to the synthesis of isoindole-1,3-diones from 1,2-dihalobenzene, 2-halobenzoates and 2-halobenzoic acid following double and single carbonylative cyclization approaches.

Palladium nanoparticles on a pyridinium supported ionic liquid phase: a recyclable and low-leaching palladium catalyst for aminocarbonylation reactions

SILP catalyst with grafted pyridinium ions was used for either mono- or double carbonylation depending on the reaction conditions. Good recyclability and low palladium loss were observed during the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.

Selective formation of phthalimides from amines, aldehydes and CO by Pd-catalyzed oxidative C–H aminocarbonylation

The Pd/Cu-catalyzed intramolecular C–H bond aminocarbonylation utilizing imines as the amine source has been developed. This transformation provides an efficient and straightforward protocol for the synthesis of phthalimides which widely exist in natural products, pharmaceutical and functional materials. Various functional groups are tolerated and the yields are up to 99%.

Fused multifunctionalized isoindole-1,3-diones via the coupled oxidation of imidazoles and tetraynes

The facile synthesis of fused multifunctionalized isoindole-1,3-diones by a hexadehydro-Diels–Alder domino reaction of various substituted tetraynes and imidazole derivatives is reported.

PdCl2 immobilized on metal–organic framework CuBTC with the aid of ionic liquids: enhanced catalytic performance in selective oxidation of cyclohexene

PdCl₂ immobilized on CuBTC with the aid of ILs shows an enhanced catalytic performance in cyclohexene oxidation due to Pd–Cu cooperative catalysis and stabilization of Pd(ii).

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides: an efficient, heterogeneous and phosphine-free catalytic system for aminocarbonylation and alkoxycarbonylation employing Mo(CO)6 as a solid carbon monoxide source

Preparation and characterization of palladium nanoparticles immobilized on magnetic methionine-functionalized chitosan as a highly efficient, air stable, and readily reusable heterogeneous catalyst in carbonylation reactions.

Silica supported palladium-phosphine as a reusable catalyst for alkoxycarbonylation and aminocarbonylation of aryl and heteroaryl iodides

Novel, simple, stable and reusable silica-supported palladium phosphine complexes were prepared and found to be highly efficient for the carbonylation of unprotected hydroxy, amino, iodoindole and iodopyrazole under optimized conditions.

Palladium nanoparticles in glycerol: a clear-cut catalyst for one-pot multi-step processes applied in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds

Palladium/TPPTS nanoparticles in glycerol represent a versatile catalyst leading to a large variety of heterocycles through domino/sequential one-pot approaches.