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Wang X, Shu J, Ni T, Xu C, Xu B, Liu X, Zhang K, Jiang W. Transesterification of RNA model induced by novel dinuclear copper (II) complexes with bis-tridentate imidazole derivatives. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023:10.1007/s00775-023-02000-6. [PMID: 37140680 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two novel bis-tridentate imidazole derivatives were conveniently synthesized using a 'one-pot' method. Their dinuclear (Cu2L1Cl4, Cu2L2Cl4) and mononuclear (CuL1Cl2, CuL2Cl2∙H2O) copper (II) complexes were synthesized to comparably evaluate their reactivities in the hydrolytic cleavage of 2-hydroxypropyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP) as a classic RNA model. Single crystals of Cu2L1Cl4 and Cu2L2Cl4 indicate that both of them are centrosymmetric, and each central copper ion is penta-coordinated. Regarding the transesterification of HPNP, both of dinuclear ones exhibited excess one order of magnitude rate enhancement in contrast with auto-hydrolysis reaction. Under comparable conditions, dinuclear complexes displayed no more than twofold increase in activity over their mononuclear analogues, which verifies the lack of binuclear cooperation effect due to long Cu-to-Cu space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Ni
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Sichuan, 643000, Zigong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Sichuan, 643000, Zigong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Sichuan, 643000, Zigong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Sichuan, 643000, Zigong, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Hydrolytic reactivity of novel copper(II) complexes with reduced N-salicylate threonine Schiff bases: distinguishable effects of various micelles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Anjomshoa M, Amirheidari B. Nuclease-like metalloscissors: Biomimetic candidates for cancer and bacterial and viral infections therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022; 458:214417. [PMID: 35153301 PMCID: PMC8816526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive and rapid discovery of modern drugs for treatment of cancer, microbial infections, and viral illnesses; these diseases are still among major global health concerns. To take inspiration from natural nucleases and also the therapeutic potential of metallopeptide antibiotics such as the bleomycin family, artificial metallonucleases with the ability of promoting DNA/RNA cleavage and eventually affecting cellular biological processes can be introduced as a new class of therapeutic candidates. Metal complexes can be considered as one of the main categories of artificial metalloscissors, which can prompt nucleic acid strand scission. Accordingly, biologists, inorganic chemists, and medicinal inorganic chemists worldwide have been designing, synthesizing and evaluating the biological properties of metal complexes as artificial metalloscissors. In this review, we try to highlight the recent studies conducted on the nuclease-like metalloscissors and their potential therapeutic applications. Under the light of the concurrent Covid-19 pandemic, the human need for new therapeutics was highlighted much more than ever before. The nuclease-like metalloscissors with the potential of RNA cleavage of invading viral pathogens hence deserve prime attention.
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4
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Foley W, Arman H, Musie GT. Homodinuclear copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of a carboxylate-rich ligand as synthetic mimics of phosphoester hydrolase in aqueous solutions. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111589. [PMID: 34530333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of two homodinuclear Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of a carboxylate-rich ligand, N,N'-Bis[2-carboxybenzomethyl]-N,N' -Bis[carboxymethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol (H5ccdp) ligand towards the hydrolysis of (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) (PNPP) and bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) substrates in aqueous systems are described. Kinetic investigations were carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometric techniques at 25 °C and 37 °C and different pH (7-10) conditions. The kinetic studies revealed that the turnover rate (kcat) values among the PNPP hydrolysis systems, the highest and the lowest kcat values were displayed by [Cu2(ccdp)(μ-OAc)]2- at 2.34 × 10-6 s-1 (pH 8 and 37 °C) and 2.13 × 10-8 s-1 (pH 8 and 25 °C), respectively. However, similar comparisons among the BNPP hydrolysis revealed that highest and the lowest kcat values were displayed by [Zn2(ccdp)(μ-OAc)]2- at 4.64 × 10-8 s-1 (pH 9 and 37 °C) and 2.38 × 10-9 (pH 9 and 25 °C). Significantly enough, the catalyst-substrate adduct species containing a metal bound PNPP and BNPP have been detected by ESI-MS techniques. Additionally, a PNPP-bound copper complex has been isolated and crystalized using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Based on the structural and activity information obtained in this study, reaction mechanisms for the hydrolysis of PNPP have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Foley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Ghezai T Musie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States.
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5
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Cao YJ, Yao MX, Prins LJ, Ji RX, Liu N, Sun XY, Jiang YB, Shen JS. Self-Assembled Multivalent Ag-SR Coordination Polymers with Phosphatase-Like Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:7646-7650. [PMID: 33871127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We show herein the phosphatase-like catalytic activity of coordination polymers obtained after adding Ag+ -ions to thiols bearing hydrophobic alkyl chains terminated with a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN) group. The subsequent addition of Zn2+ -ions to the self-assembled polymers resulted in the formation of multivalent metal coordination polymers capable of catalysing the transphosphorylation of an RNA-model compound (2-hydroxypropyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate, HPNPP) with high reactivity. Analysis of a series of metal ions showed that the highest catalytic activity was obtained when Ag+ -ions were used as the first metal ions to construct the backbone of the coordination polymer through interaction with the -SH group followed by Zn2+ -ions as the second metal ions complexed by the TACN-macrocycle. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the catalytic activity could be modulated by changing the length of the hydrophobic alkyl chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Juan Cao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mei-Xia Yao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Leonard J Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rui-Xue Ji
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Shen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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6
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Silva MP, Saibert C, Bortolotto T, Bortoluzzi AJ, Schenk G, Peralta RA, Terenzi H, Neves A. Dinuclear copper(II) complexes with derivative triazine ligands as biomimetic models for catechol oxidases and nucleases. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 213:111249. [PMID: 33011624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The research reported herein focuses on the synthesis of two new Cu(II) complexes {[Cu2(2-X-4,6-bis(di-2-picolylamino)-1,3,5-triazine], with X = butane-1,4-diamine (2) or N-methylpyrenylbutane-1,4-diamine (3)}, the latter with a pyrene group as a possible DNA intercalating agent. The structure of complex (3) was determined by X-ray crystallography and shows the dinuclear {CuII(μ-OCH3)2CuII} unit in which the CuII···CuII distance of 3.040 Å is similar to that of 2.97 Å previously found for 1, which contains a {CuII(μ-OH)2CuII} structural unit. Complexes (2) and (3) were also characterized in spectroscopic and electrochemical studies, and catecholase-like activity were performed for both complexes. The kinetic parameters obtained for the oxidation of the model substrate 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol revealed that the insertion of the spacer butane-1,4-diamine and the pyrene group strongly contributes to increasing the catalytic efficiency of these systems. In fact, Kass becomes significantly higher, indicating that these groups influence the interaction between the complex and the substrate. These complexes also show DNA cleavage under mild conditions with moderate reaction times. The rate of cleavage (kcat) indicated that the presence of butane-1,4-diamine and pyrene increased the activity of both complexes. The reaction mechanism seems to have oxidative and hydrolytic features and the effect of DNA groove binding compounds and circular dichroism indicate that all complexes interact with plasmid DNA through the minor groove. High-resolution DNA cleavage assays provide information on the interaction mechanism and for complex (2) a specificity for the unpaired hairpin region containing thymine bases was observed, in contrast to (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos P Silva
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia - LABINC, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cristine Saibert
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural - CEBIME, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bortolotto
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural - CEBIME, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adailton J Bortoluzzi
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia - LABINC, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rosely A Peralta
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia - LABINC, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Hernán Terenzi
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural - CEBIME, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Ademir Neves
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia - LABINC, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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7
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Nano and Sub-nano Gold–Cobalt Particles as Effective Catalysts in the Synthesis of Propargylamines via AHA Coupling. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Fallek A, Weiss-Shtofman M, Kramer M, Dobrovetsky R, Portnoy M. Phosphorylation Organocatalysts Highly Active by Design. Org Lett 2020; 22:3722-3727. [PMID: 32319783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The activity of nucleophilic organocatalysts for alcohol/phenol phosphorylation was enhanced through attaching oligoether appendages to a benzyl substituent on imidazole- or aminopyridine-based active units, presumably because of stabilizing n-cation interactions of the ethereal oxygens with the positively charged aza-heterocycle in the catalytic intermediates, and was substantially higher than that of known benchmark catalysts for a range of substrates. Density functional theory calculations and the study of analogues having a lower potential for such stabilizing interactions support our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mor Weiss-Shtofman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Maria Kramer
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Moshe Portnoy
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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9
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Maranha FG, dos Santos Silva GA, Bortoluzzi AJ, Nordlander E, Peralta RA, Neves A. A new heteropentanuclear complex containing the [Fe2IIIZn3II(μ-OH)3] structural motif as a model for purple acid phosphatases. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Guanidine- and purine-functionalized ligands of FeIIIZnII complexes: effects on the hydrolysis of DNA. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:675-691. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Camargo TP, Neves A, Peralta RA, Chaves C, Maia ECP, Lizarazo-Jaimes EH, Gomes DA, Bortolotto T, Norberto DR, Terenzi H, Tierney DL, Schenk G. Second-Sphere Effects in Dinuclear FeIIIZnII Hydrolase Biomimetics: Tuning Binding and Reactivity Properties. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:187-203. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David L. Tierney
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States,
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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12
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Silva GADS, Amorim AL, Souza BD, Gabriel P, Terenzi H, Nordlander E, Neves A, Peralta RA. Synthesis and characterization of FeIII(μ-OH)ZnII complexes: effects of a second coordination sphere and increase in the chelate ring size on the hydrolysis of a phosphate diester and DNA. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11380-11394. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02035j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Effects of a second coordination sphere and of the chelate ring size in FeIII(μ-OH)ZnII complexes properties and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Luiz Amorim
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- 88040-900 Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Bernardo de Souza
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- 88040-900 Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Philipe Gabriel
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural
- Departamento de Bioquímica
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Hernán Terenzi
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural
- Departamento de Bioquímica
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Ebbe Nordlander
- Inorganic Chemistry Research Group
- Chemical Physics
- Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lund University
- SE-221 00 Lund
| | - Ademir Neves
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- 88040-900 Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Rosely A. Peralta
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- 88040-900 Florianópolis
- Brazil
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13
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Xavier FR, Neves A. Synthesis, physicochemical properties and in vitro catalytic activity of a dinuclear nickel(II) complex with a N5O-hexadentate ligand: A functional model for phosphohydrolases. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Mendes LL, Englert D, Fernandes C, Gahan LR, Schenk G, Horn A. Metallohydrolase biomimetics with catalytic and structural flexibility. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18510-18521. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatase activity of zinc complexes containing six- and seven-dentate ligands was evaluated through kinetic and31P NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa L. Mendes
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
- Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ
- Brazil
| | - Daniel Englert
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Christiane Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
- Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ
- Brazil
| | - Lawrence R. Gahan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Adolfo Horn
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
- Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ
- Brazil
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15
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Jany T, Moreth A, Gruschka C, Sischka A, Spiering A, Dieding M, Wang Y, Samo SH, Stammler A, Bögge H, Fischer von Mollard G, Anselmetti D, Glaser T. Rational Design of a Cytotoxic Dinuclear Cu2 Complex That Binds by Molecular Recognition at Two Neighboring Phosphates of the DNA Backbone. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2679-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5028465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jany
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Moreth
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Claudia Gruschka
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andy Sischka
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andre Spiering
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mareike Dieding
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ying Wang
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Susan Haji Samo
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anja Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hartmut Bögge
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gabriele Fischer von Mollard
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thorsten Glaser
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische
Chemie I, Chemistry Department, ‡Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Chemistry
Department, and §Experimentelle Biophysik, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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