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Khan MS, Li Y, Li DS, Qiu J, Xu X, Yang HY. A review of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials as an effective photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6318-6348. [PMID: 38045530 PMCID: PMC10690739 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Water plays a vital role in all aspects of life. Recently, water pollution has increased exponentially due to various organic and inorganic pollutants. Organic pollutants are hard to degrade; therefore, cost-effective and sustainable approaches are needed to degrade these pollutants. Organic dyes are the major source of organic pollutants from coloring industries. The photoactive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer an ultimate strategy for constructing photocatalysts to degrade pollutants present in wastewater. Therefore, tuning the metal ions/clusters and organic ligands for the better photocatalytic activity of MOFs is a tremendous approach for wastewater treatment. This review comprehensively reports various MOFs and their composites, especially POM-based MOF composites, for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the aqueous phase. A brief discussion on various theoretical aspects such as density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML) related to MOF and MOF composite-based photocatalysts has been presented. Thus, this article may eventually pave the way for applying different structural features to modulate novel porous materials for enhanced photodegradation properties toward organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahnawaz Khan
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road 487372 Singapore
| | - Yixiang Li
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road 487372 Singapore
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University Yichang 443002 P. R. China
| | - Jianbei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming Yunnan 650093 China
| | - Xuhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming Yunnan 650093 China
| | - Hui Ying Yang
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road 487372 Singapore
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Li L, Li F, Li T, Cao W. A facile synthesis of K 3PMo 12O 40/WO 3 crystals for effective sonocatalytic performance. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15981-15992. [PMID: 37250223 PMCID: PMC10214110 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper treatment of hazardous contaminants in the air, land, and water is crucial to environmental remediation. Sonocatalysis, by using ultrasound and suitable catalysts, has shown its potential in organic pollutant removal. In this work, K3PMo12O40/WO3 sonocatalysts were fabricated via a facile solution method at room temperature. Techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the products. By using the K3PMo12O40/WO3 sonocatalyst, an ultrasound-assisted advanced oxidation process has been developed for the catalytic degradation of methyl orange and acid red 88. Almost all dyes were degraded within 120 min of ultrasound baths, proving that the K3PMo12O40/WO3 sonocatalyst has the advantage of speeding up the decomposition of contaminants. The impacts of key parameters, including catalyst dosage, dye concentration, dye pH, and ultrasonic power were evaluated to understand and reach optimized conditions in sonocatalysis. The remarkable performance of K3PMo12O40/WO3 in the sonocatalytic degradation of pollutants provides a new strategy for the application of K3PMo12O40 in sonocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
- Nano and Molecular Materials Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Taohai Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
- Nano and Molecular Materials Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Wei Cao
- Nano and Molecular Materials Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland
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Both Rigid Organic Ligands and pH-Controlled Three Keggin-Type Polyoxotungstates Derivates: Synthesis, Crystal Structure. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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4
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Morales MD, Infantes-Molina A, Lázaro-Martínez J, Romanelli GP, Pizzio LR, Rodríguez-Castellón E. Heterogeneous acid catalysts prepared by immobilization of H3PW12O40 on silica through impregnation and inclusion, applied to the synthesis of 3H-1,5-benzodiazepines. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Cen Q, Gao Q, Zhang C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang Q. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by iron tungstosilicate under visible light. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 562:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Zhan C, Cao X, Xu B, Yan P, Yang T, Ye Z, Chen X. Visible light induced molecularly imprinted Dawson-type heteropoly acid cobalt (II) salt modified TiO2 composites: Enhanced photocatalytic activity for the removal of ethylparaben. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Synthesis of polyoxometalates supported on HZSM-5 for the photocatalytic purification of crude terephthalic acid under mild conditions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Comparison of MIL-101(Fe) and amine-functionalized MIL-101(Fe) as photocatalysts for the removal of imidacloprid in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Qiu H, Liang W, Zhang G, Lin M, Liu W, Gao Z, Wei W, Tang C, Jin H, Liang H, Yan X. Aerobic Oxidation of Methyl‐substituted
β
‐Carbolines Catalyzed by N‐Hydroxyphthalimide and Metal Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Weida Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
- Present address: Department of ChemistryPurdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Gongjun Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Industrial TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 P. R. China
| | - Miaoman Lin
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Wanmin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Zhanghua Gao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Wenting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Chunlan Tang
- School of MedicineNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. Chinan
| | - Haixiao Jin
- School of Marine SciencesNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Hongze Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine SciencesNingbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
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Shiels J, Harbottle D, Hunter TN. Synthesis and Physical Property Characterisation of Spheroidal and Cuboidal Nuclear Waste Simulant Dispersions. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071235. [PMID: 30021994 PMCID: PMC6073122 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated dispersions analogous to highly active nuclear waste, formed from the reprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF). Non-radioactive simulants of spheroidal caesium phosphomolybdate (CPM) and cuboidal zirconium molybdate (ZM-a) were successfully synthesised; confirmed via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, a supplied ZM (ZM-b) with a rod-like/wheatsheaf morphology was also analysed along with titanium dioxide (TiO2). The simulants underwent thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and size analysis, where CPM was found to have a D50 value of 300 nm and a chemical formula of Cs3PMo12O40·13H2O, ZM-a a D50 value of 10 μm and a chemical formula of ZrMo2O7(OH)2·3H2O and ZM-b to have a D50 value of 14 μm and a chemical formula of ZrMo2O7(OH)2·4H2O. The synthesis of CPM was tracked via Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy at both 25 °C and 50 °C, where the reaction was found to be first order with the rate constant highly temperature dependent. The morphology change from spheroidal CPM to cuboidal ZM-a was tracked via SEM, reporting to take 10 days. For the onward processing and immobilisation of these waste dispersions, centrifugal analysis was utilised to understand their settling behaviours, in both aqueous and 2 M nitric acid environments (mimicking current storage conditions). Spheroidal CPM was present in both conditions as agglomerated clusters, with relatively high settling rates. Conversely, the ZM were found to be stable in water, where their settling rate exponents were related to the morphology. In acid, the high effective electrolyte resulted in agglomeration and faster sedimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Shiels
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - David Harbottle
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Timothy N Hunter
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Antonello A, Benedetti C, Pérez-Pla FF, Kokkinopoulou M, Kirchhoff K, Fischer V, Landfester K, Gross S, Muñoz-Espí R. Colloidally Confined Crystallization of Highly Efficient Ammonium Phosphomolybdate Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:23174-23186. [PMID: 29882409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanodroplets in inverse miniemulsions provide a colloidal confinement for the crystallization of ammonium phosphomolybdate (APM), influencing the resulting particle size. The effects of the space confinement are investigated by comparing the crystallization of analogous materials both in miniemulsion and in bulk solution. Both routes result in particles with a rhombododecahedral morphology, but the ones produced in miniemulsion have sizes between 40 and 90 nm, 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the ones obtained in bulk solution. The catalytic activity of the materials is studied by taking the epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene as a model reaction. The miniemulsion route yields APM particles catalytically much more active than analogous samples produced in bulk solution, which can be explained by their higher dispersibility in organic solvents, their higher surface area, and their higher porosity. Inorganic phosphate salt precursors are compared with organic phosphate sources. APM nanoparticles prepared in miniemulsion from d-glucose-6-phosphate and O-phospho-dl-serine yield a conversion in the epoxidation reaction of more than 90% after only 1 h, compared to 30% for materials prepared in bulk solution. In addition, the catalysts prepared in miniemulsion display a promising recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Antonello
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Cesare Benedetti
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Francisco F Pérez-Pla
- Institut de Ciència dels Materials (ICMUV) , Universitat de València , c/ Catedràtic José Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Maria Kokkinopoulou
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Katrin Kirchhoff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Viktor Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Silvia Gross
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Espí
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Institut de Ciència dels Materials (ICMUV) , Universitat de València , c/ Catedràtic José Beltrán 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
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12
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Ramezani S, Jahani R, Mashhadizadeh MH, Shahbazi S, Jalilian S. A novel ionic liquid/polyoxomolybdate based sensor for ultra-high sensitive monitoring of Al(III): Optimization by Taguchi statistical design. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Synthesis of Cs3PMo12O40/Bi2O3 composite with highly enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 516:304-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Liu M, Yang XF, Zhu HB, Di BS, Zhao Y. A robust polyoxometalate-templated four-fold interpenetrating metal–organic framework showing efficient organic dye photodegradation in various pH aqueous solutions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5245-5251. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A polyoxometalate-templated four-fold interpenetrating 3-D MOF of 1 acts as a photocatalyst, which can efficiently degrade the organic dyes under UV-Vis light irradiation in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Xu-Feng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Hai-Bin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Bao-Sheng Di
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Coordination Chemistry Institute
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures
- Nanjing University
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15
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Fei BL, Deng NP, Wang JH, Liu QB, Long JY, Li YG, Mei X. A heteropoly blue as environmental friendly material: An excellent heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst and flocculent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:326-335. [PMID: 28728111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The first 3D heteropoly blue Ba2Na4[SiW4VW8VIO40]·19H2O (1) as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst and flocculent was hydrothermally synthesized and fully characterized by various methods 1 was an efficient Fenton-like catalyst for degradation of phenol with degradation rate of 92.1% (visible light irradiation), and 89.0% (no light) in 90min, respectively. The degradation efficiency of anionic dye methyl orange was 97.0% in 5min, when 1 was used as photo-Fenton-like catalyst under visible light. And 1 was a nice flocculent for cationic dyes methylene blue and rhodamine B, the removal rates were both above 95%. Moreover, 1 could degrade methyl orange and flocculate rhodamine B at the same time, but the degradation rate decreased from 100% to 77.5% in 60min, while the flocculation of RhB in 10min was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Li Fei
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Ni-Ping Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qing-Bo Liu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jian-Ying Long
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang-Guang Li
- Institute Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xiang Mei
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Dahlia-shaped BiOCl xI 1-x structures prepared by a facile solid-state method: Evidence and mechanism of improved photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 503:115-123. [PMID: 28511100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and cheap solid-state chemical process was employed to synthesize BiOClxI1-x (x=1.0, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0) solid solutions with dahlia-shaped hierarchitectures. The dahlia-shaped BiOClxI1-x hierarchitectures were effectively constructed by nanoplates with a thickness about 5-13nm. The band gap structure of the solid solutions can be modulated by adjusting the composition ratio of Cl and I, which has a significant effect on the photocatalytic activity of the solid solutions. The dahlia-shaped BiOClxI1-x (x=0.75) solid solution exhibits excellent adsorption and effective photocatalytic performances for rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation, which degraded more than 98% of RhB within 60min under the visible light irradiation, it is higher than the reported bismuth oxyhalides materials. The trapping experiments confirmed that O2- and h+ played the major role in the photocatalytic process and the possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism was illustrated.
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Balaga V, Pedada J, Friedrich HB, Singh S. Tuning surface composition of Cs exchanged phosphomolybdic acid catalysts in C H bond activation of toluene to benzaldehyde at room temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Aber S, Yaghoubi Z, Zarei M. Phosphomolybdic acid immobilized on graphite as an environmental photoelectrocatalyst. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:422-428. [PMID: 27448755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)/Graphite surface was prepared based on electrostatic interactions between phosphomolybdic acid and graphite surface. The PMA/Graphite was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images showed that the phosphomolybdic acid particles were well stabilized on the graphite surface and they were evidenced the size of particles (approximately 10 nm). The CV results not only showed that the modified surface has good electrochemical activity toward the removal of the dyestuff, but also exhibits long term stability. The PMA/Graphite was used as a photoanode for decolorization of Reactive Yellow 39 by photoelectrocatalytic system under UV irradiation. The effects of parameters such as the amount of phosphomolybdic acid used in preparation of PMA/Graphite surface, applied potential on anode electrode and solution pH were studied by response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were obtained as follows: dye solution pH 3, 1.5 g of immobilized PMA on graphite surface and applied potential on anode electrode 1 V. Under optimum conditions after 90 min of reaction time, the decolorization efficiency was 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Aber
- Research Laboratory of Environment Protection Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Zeynab Yaghoubi
- Research Laboratory of Environment Protection Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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