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Wang Z, Ma Y, Shi Y, Wang S, Gao M, Qiu Y, Li C. Bi2WO6/red phosphorus heterojunction photocatalyst with excellent visible light photodegrading activity. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Fung CM, Er CC, Tan LL, Mohamed AR, Chai SP. Red Phosphorus: An Up-and-Coming Photocatalyst on the Horizon for Sustainable Energy Development and Environmental Remediation. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3879-3965. [PMID: 34968051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a perennial solution that promises to resolve deep-rooted challenges related to environmental pollution and energy deficit through harvesting the inexhaustible and renewable solar energy. To date, a cornucopia of photocatalytic materials has been investigated with the research wave presently steered by the development of novel, affordable, and effective metal-free semiconductors with fascinating physicochemical and semiconducting characteristics. Coincidentally, the recently emerged red phosphorus (RP) semiconductor finds itself fitting perfectly into this category ascribed to its earth abundant, low-cost, and metal-free nature. More notably, the renowned red allotrope of the phosphorus family is spectacularly bestowed with strengthened optical absorption features, propitious electronic band configuration, and ease of functionalization and modification as well as high stability. Comprehensively detailing RP's roles and implications in photocatalysis, this review article will first include information on different RP allotropes and their chemical structures, followed by the meticulous scrutiny of their physicochemical and semiconducting properties such as electronic band structure, optical absorption features, and charge carrier dynamics. Besides that, state-of-the-art synthesis strategies for developing various RP allotropes and RP-based photocatalytic systems will also be outlined. In addition, modification or functionalization of RP with other semiconductors for promoting effective photocatalytic applications will be discussed to assess its versatility and feasibility as a high-performing photocatalytic system. Lastly, the challenges facing RP photocatalysts and future research directions will be included to propel the feasible development of RP-based systems with considerably augmented photocatalytic efficiency. This review article aspires to facilitate the rational development of multifunctional RP-based photocatalytic systems by widening the cognizance of rational engineering as well as to fine-tune the electronic, optical, and charge carrier properties of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-May Fung
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chen-Chen Er
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Lling-Lling Tan
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Mohamed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, Malaysia
| | - Siang-Piao Chai
- Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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Wang Z, Bai Y, Li Y, Tao K, Simayi M, Li Y, Chen Z, Sun Y, Chen X, Pang X, Ma Y, Qi K. Bi 2O 2CO 3/red phosphorus S-scheme heterojunction for H 2 evolution and Cr(VI) reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:320-329. [PMID: 34896832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Red phosphorus (RP) has a suitable energy band structure and excellent photocatalytic properties. However, there are some problems, such as low quantum efficiency and serious photogenerated electron-hole recombination. The S-scheme heterostructure shows great potential in facilitating the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers and obtaining strong photo-redox ability. Herein, hydrothermally treated red phosphorus (HRP) was combined with Bi2O2CO3 to construct Bi2O2CO3/HRP S-scheme heterojunction composite. The Bi2O2CO3 content was optimized, and the 5 %Bi2O2CO3/HRP composite obtained at 5 %Bi2O2CO3 mass fraction exhibited the strongest photoreduction ability. The Cr(VI) photoreduction and photolytic hydrogen production rates were as high as 0.22 min-1 and 157.2 μmol •h-1, which were 7.3 and 3.0 times higher than those of HRP, respectively. The promoted photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the formation of S-scheme heterojunctions, which accelerated the separation and transfer of useful photogenerated electron-hole pairs, while enhancing the recombination of relatively useless photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thereby resulting in the highest photocurrent density (17.3 μA/cm2) of the 5 %Bi2O2CO3/HRP composite, which was 1.6 and 4.3 times higher than pure Bi2O2CO3 (10.5 μA/cm2) and pure HRP (4.0 μA/cm2), respectively. This work would provide an advanced approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanhu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yuexia Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Kaixin Tao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Mayire Simayi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yunjie Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Xiaolin Pang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Photoelectrocatalytic Materials, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China.
| | - Kezhen Qi
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
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Wu C, Jing L, Deng J, Liu Y, Li S, Lv S, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Dai H. Elemental red phosphorus-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129793. [PMID: 33548646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The low-cost and environmentally benign elemental red phosphorus (RP) is a new class of photocatalysts with tunable bandgaps (ca. 1.5-2.4 eV) and has a strong visible-light response. It has been considered as a promising metal-free photocatalyst for solving the energy crisis and environmental problems. Unfortunately, due to the low-charge carrier mobility, and serve charge trapping effects, its photocatalytic activity is still restricted in comparison with the traditional compound photocatalysts. Considerable efforts, such as morphology modification, cocatalysts addition, heterostructure construction, charge trapping mitigation, have been conducted to improve the photocatalytic activity of the RP photocatalysts. In this review, the physical and chemical properties and the synthetic strategies of the RP photocatalysts were summarized along with the application in environmental remediation accompanied by the photocatalytic reaction mechanism. Finally, an overview and outlook on the problems and future avenues in designing and constructing advanced RP photocatalysts were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Wu
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jing
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiguang Deng
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Lv
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Dai
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Liu E, Du Y, Bai X, Fan J, Hu X. Synergistic improvement of Cr(VI) reduction and RhB degradation using RP/g-C3N4 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Ren Z, Li D, Xue Q, Li J, Sun Y, Zhang R, Zhai Y, Liu Y. Facile fabrication nano-sized red phosphorus with enhanced photocatalytic activity by hydrothermal and ultrasonic method. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Urchin-like fibrous red phosphorus as an efficient photocatalyst for solar-light-driven disinfection of E. coli. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Molecular-Level Understanding of Selectively Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonia via Copper Ferrite/N-Doped Graphene Catalyst under Visible Near-Infrared Irradiation. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing photocatalysts with molecular recognition function is very interesting and desired for specific applications in the environmental field. Copper ferrite/N-doped graphene (CuFe2O4/NG) hybrid catalyst was synthesized and characterized by surface photovoltage spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The CuFe2O4/NG catalyst can recognize ammonia from rhodamine B (RhB) in ammonia-RhB mixed solution and selectively degrade ammonia under visible near-infrared irradiation. The degradation ratio for ammonia reached 92.6% at 6 h while the degradation ratio for RhB was only 39.3% in a mixed solution containing 100.0 mg/L NH3-N and 50 mg/L RhB. Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated ammonia adsorbed on CuFe2O4 while RhB was adsorbed on NG. The products of oxidized ammonia were detected by gas chromatography, and results showed that N2 was formed during photocatalytic oxidization. Mechanism studies showed that photo-generated electrons flow to N-doped graphene following the Z-scheme configuration to reduce O2 dissolved in solution, while photo-generated holes oxidize directly ammonia to nitrogen gas.
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Three-dimensional red phosphorus: A promising photocatalyst with excellent adsorption and reduction performance. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shi R, Ye HF, Liang F, Wang Z, Li K, Weng Y, Lin Z, Fu WF, Che CM, Chen Y. Interstitial P-Doped CdS with Long-Lived Photogenerated Electrons for Photocatalytic Water Splitting without Sacrificial Agents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705941. [PMID: 29280205 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water is successfully realized by using interstitial P-doped CdS with rich S vacancies (CdS-P) as the photocatalyst in the absence of any electron sacrificial agents. Through interstitial P doping, the impurity level of S vacancies is located near the Fermi level and becomes an effective electron trap level in CdS-P, which can change dynamic properties of photogenerated electrons and thus prolong their lifetimes. The long-lived photogenerated electrons are able to reach the surface active sites to initiate an efficient photocatalytic redox reaction. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of CdS-P can be further improved through the loading of CoP as a cocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Fang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Fu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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