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Salama S, Mostafa HS, Husseiny S, Sebak M. Actinobacteria as Microbial Cell Factories and Biocatalysts in The Synthesis of Chiral Intermediates and Bioactive Molecules; Insights and Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301205. [PMID: 38155095 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are one of the most intriguing bacterial phyla in terms of chemical diversity and bioactivities of their reported biomolecules and natural products, including various types of chiral molecules. Actinobacterial genera such as Detzia, Mycobacterium, and Streptomyces are among the microbial sources targeted for selective reactions such as asymmetric biocatalysis catalyzed by whole cells or enzymes induced in their cell niche. Remarkably, stereoselective reactions catalyzed by actinobacterial whole cells or their enzymes include stereoselective oxidation, stereoselective reduction, kinetic resolution, asymmetric hydrolysis, and selective transamination, among others. Species of actinobacteria function with high chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivity under benign conditions, which could help current industrial processing. Numerous selective enzymes were either isolated from actinobacteria or expressed from actinobacteria in other microbes and hence exploited in the production of pure organic compounds difficult to obtain chemically. In addition, different species of actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces species, function as natural producers of chiral molecules of therapeutic importance. Herein, we discuss some of the most outstanding contributions of actinobacteria to asymmetric biocatalysis, which are important in the organic and/or pharmaceutical industries. In addition, we highlight the role of actinobacteria as microbial cell factories for chiral natural products with insights into their various biological potentialities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Sayed Mostafa
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah Husseiny
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, 62517, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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2
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Synthesizing Chiral Drug Intermediates by Biocatalysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:146-179. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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3
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Dong W, Zhao F, Xin F, He A, Zhang Y, Wu H, Fang Y, Zhang W, Ma J, Jiang M. Ultrasound-assisted d-tartaric acid whole-cell bioconversion by recombinant Escherichia coli. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 42:11-17. [PMID: 29429650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
d-Tartaric acid has wide range of application in the pharmaceutical industry and scarcely exists in nature. In this study, cis-epoxysuccinate hydrolase (CESH)-containing Escherichia coli was used to perform whole-cell bioconversion of cis-epoxysuccinate (CES) to D-tartaric acid and the catalytic efficiency was investigated by ultrasound treatment. The bioconversion rate of CES sodium reached 70.36% after 60 min treated after ultrasound, which is 3-fold higher than that in the control. The specific rate could be further improved by 2-fold after 5 repeated batches compared with the first one, however, the specific rate gradually decreased with the increase of repeat batches (>5 batches). The CESH from Bordetella sp. BK-52 was a typical Michaelis-Menten enzyme with Vmax and Km values of 28.17 mM/h/g WCW (wet of cell weight) and 30.18 mM, respectively. The process for the d-tartaric acid bioconversion, which consisted of 102.31 g/L CES sodium, 8.78 mg/mL whole cell and ultrasound power of 79.36 W, is further optimized using response surface methodology. The specific rate finally reached 194.79 ± 1.78 mM/h/g WCW under the optimal conditions. Furthermore, the permeability of inner and outer membrane was improved approximately 1.6 and 1.4-fold after ultrasound treatment, respectively, which may be a crucial factor for improvement of the bioconversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Fenglian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
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Li X, Chen X, Wang Y, Yao P, Zhang R, Feng J, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. New product identification in the sterol metabolism by an industrial strain Mycobacterium neoaurum NRRL B-3805. Steroids 2018; 132:40-45. [PMID: 29427574 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium neoaurum NRRL B-3805 metabolizes sterols to produce androst-4-en-3,17-dione (AD) as the main product, and androsta-1,4-dien-3,17-dione, 9α-hydroxy androst-4-en-3,17-dione and 22-hydroxy-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-3-one have been identified as by-products. In this study, a new by-product was isolated from the metabolites of sterols and identified as methyl 3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-22-oate (BNC methyl ester), which was proposed to be produced via the esterification of BNC catalyzed by an O-methyltransferase using S-adenosyl-l-methionine as the methyl group donor. These results might open a new dimension for improvement of the efficiency of microbial AD production by eliminating this by-product via genetic manipulation of the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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Li H, Lu X, Chen K, Yang J, Zhang A, Wang X, Ouyang P. β-alanine production using whole-cell biocatalysts in recombinant Escherichia coli. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Li X, Xu H, Zhao G, Wu H, Yu Y, Lai F, Xiao X. Highly efficient synthesis of arbutin esters catalyzed by whole cells ofCandida parapsilosis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10081-10088. [PMID: 35540808 PMCID: PMC9078728 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylation modification of phenol glycosides is currently of great interest due to the improved bioavailability and multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- School of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Haixia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- School of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yigang Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Furao Lai
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xinglong Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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7
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Mou Y, Xu D, Mao Z, Dong X, Lin F, Wang A, Lai D, Zhou L, Xie B. Enhancement of Palmarumycin C12 and C13 Production by the Endophytic Fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 in an Aqueous-Organic Solvent System. Molecules 2015; 20:20320-33. [PMID: 26569213 PMCID: PMC6331930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12, isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis, was found to produce palmarumycins C12 and C13 which possess a great variety of biological activities. Seven biocompatible water-immiscible organic solvents including n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, 1-hexadecene, liquid paraffin, dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid were evaluated to improve palmarumycins C12 and C13 production in suspension culture of Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12. Among the chosen solvents both butyl oleate and liquid paraffin were the most effective to improve palmarumycins C12 and C13 production. The addition of dibutyl phthalate, butyl oleate and oleic acid to the cultures of Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12 significantly enhanced palmarumycin C12 production by adsorbing palmarumycin C12 into the organic phase. When butyl oleate was fed at 5% (v/v) in medium at the beginning of fermentation (day 0), the highest palmarumycin C12 yield (191.6 mg/L) was achieved, about a 34.87-fold increase in comparison with the control (5.3 mg/L). n-Dodecane, 1-hexadecene and liquid paraffin had a great influence on the production of palmarumycin C13. When liquid paraffin was added at 10% (v/v) in medium on day 3 of fermentation, the palmarumycin C13 yield reached a maximum value (134.1 mg/L), which was 4.35-fold that of the control (30.8 mg/L). Application of the aqueous-organic solvent system should be a simple and efficient process strategy for enhancing palmarumycin C12 and C13 production in liquid cultures of the endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ziling Mao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuejiao Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengke Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ali Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agronomy and Biotechnology, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Wu K, Li W, Song J, Li T. Production, Purification, and Identification of Cholest-4-en-3-one Produced by Cholesterol Oxidase from Rhodococcus sp. in Aqueous/Organic Biphasic System. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2015; 8:1-8. [PMID: 25733914 PMCID: PMC4334050 DOI: 10.4137/bci.s21580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cholest-4-en-3-one has positive uses against obesity, liver disease, and keratinization. It can be applied in the synthesis of steroid drugs as well. Most related studies are focused on preparation of cholest-4-en-3-one by using whole cells as catalysts, but production of high-quality cholest-4-en-3-one directly from cholesterol oxidase (COD) using an aqueous/organic two-phase system has been rarely explored. This study set up an enzymatic reaction system to produce cholest-4-en-3-one. We developed and optimized the enzymatic reaction system using COD from COX5-6 (a strain of Rhodococcus) instead of whole-cell biocatalyst. This not only simplifies and accelerates the production but also benefits the subsequent separation and purification process. Through extraction, washing, evaporation, column chromatography, and recrystallization, we got cholest-4-en-3-one with purity of 99.78%, which was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. In addition, this optimized process of cholest-4-en-3-one production and purification can be easily scaled up for industrial production, which can largely decrease the cost and guarantee the purity of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianrui Song
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Abstract
Paecilomyces victoriae was selected to transform androstenedione (AD). Two products were obtained and identified as 7α-Hydroxyandrostenedione, 7α-Hydroxy-17α-methyltestosterone, respectively, by MS and NMR.
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10
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Zhang XY, Peng Y, Su ZR, Chen QH, Ruan H, He GQ. Optimization of biotransformation from phytosterol to androstenedione by a mutant Mycobacterium neoaurum ZJUVN-08. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 14:132-43. [PMID: 23365012 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation of phytosterol (PS) by a newly isolated mutant Mycobacterium neoaurum ZJUVN-08 to produce androstenedione has been investigated in this paper. The parameters of the biotransformation process were optimized using fractional factorial design and response surface methodology. Androstenedione was the sole product in the fermentation broth catalyzed by the mutant M. neoaurum ZJUVN-08 strain. Results showed that molar ratio of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to PS and substrate concentrations were the two most significant factors affecting androstenedione production. By analyzing the statistical model of three-dimensional surface plot, the optimal process conditions were observed at 0.1 g/L inducer, pH 7.0, molar ratio of HP-β-CD to PS 1.92:1, 8.98 g/L PS, and at 120 h of incubation time. Under these conditions, the maximum androstenedione yield was 5.96 g/L and nearly the same with the non-optimized (5.99 g/L), while the maximum PS conversion rate was 94.69% which increased by 10.66% compared with the non-optimized (84.03%). The predicted optimum conditions from the mathematical model were in agreement with the verification experimental results. It is considered that response surface methodology was a powerful and efficient method to optimize the parameters of PS biotransformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yan Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Donova MV, Egorova OV. Microbial steroid transformations: current state and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1423-47. [PMID: 22562163 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies of steroid modifications catalyzed by microbial whole cells represent a well-established research area in white biotechnology. Still, advances over the last decade in genetic and metabolic engineering, whole-cell biocatalysis in non-conventional media, and process monitoring raised research in this field to a new level. This review summarizes the data on microbial steroid conversion obtained since 2003. The key reactions of structural steroid functionalization by microorganisms are highlighted including sterol side-chain degradation, hydroxylation at various positions of the steroid core, and redox reactions. We also describe methods for enhancement of bioprocess productivity, selectivity of target reactions, and application of microbial transformations for production of valuable pharmaceutical ingredients and precursors. Challenges and prospects of whole-cell biocatalysis applications in steroid industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Donova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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Olivares A, Acevedo F. Effect of inoculation strategies, substrate to biomass ratio and nitrogen sources on the bioconversion of wood sterols by Mycobacterium sp. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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de Carvalho CCCR. Enzymatic and whole cell catalysis: finding new strategies for old processes. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 29:75-83. [PMID: 20837129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes and whole bacterial cells has allowed the production of a plethora of compounds that have been used for centuries in foods and beverages. However, only recently we have been able to master techniques that allow the design and development of new biocatalysts with high stability and productivity. Rational redesign and directed evolution have lead to engineered enzymes with new characteristics whilst the understanding of adaptation mechanisms in bacterial cells has allowed their use under new operational conditions. Bacteria able to thrive under the most extreme conditions have also provided new and extraordinary catalytic processes. In this review, the new tools available for the improvement of biocatalysts are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C C R de Carvalho
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Zhang Y, Shi G, Zhao F. Hydrolysis of casein catalyzed by papain in n-propanol/NaCl two-phase system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 46:438-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Fernandes P, Cabral JMS. Applied Biocatalysis: An Overview. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527630233.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Marques MPC, Cabral JMS, Fernandes P. A microwell platform for the scale-up of a multistep bioconversion to bench-scale reactors: Sitosterol side-chain cleavage. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:402-12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Marques MP, de Carvalho CC, Cabral JM, Fernandes P. Scaling-up of complex whole-cell bioconversions in conventional and non-conventional media. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:619-26. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Marques MP, Carvalho F, de Carvalho CC, Cabral JM, Fernandes P. Steroid bioconversion: Towards green processes. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ma YH, Wang M, Fan Z, Shen YB, Zhang LT. The influence of host-guest inclusion complex formation on the biotransformation of cortisone acetate Delta(1)-dehydrogenation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 117:146-51. [PMID: 19744560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An intensive and systematic investigation had been carried out on the Delta(1)-dehydrogenation of cortisone acetate (CA) to prednisone acetate (PA) by Arthrobacter simplex TCCC 11037 in the presence of native and modified beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CDs). The biotransformation was improved through the formation of the host-guest inclusion complex between CA and CDs in aqueous solution. The inclusion complexes of CDs with CA were investigated by means of phase solubility, 2D NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The structural difference of CDs resulted in the stoichiometric differences between the complexes, the RM-beta-CD-CA, SBE-beta-CD-CA, HP-beta-CD-CA complexes were 1:1 whereas beta-CD-CA gave both 1:1 and 2:1 complexes, of which the 2:1 complex decreased the soluble CA concentration and inhibited the dissociation of beta-CD-CA in aqueous solution. The increase in solubility of CA was in the order of RM-beta-CD>SBE-beta-CD>HP-beta-CD>beta-CD. RM-beta-CD-CA, SBE-beta-CD-CA and HP-beta-CD-CA exhibited the higher biotransformation rate in comparison with native beta-CD. And the solubilization of CDs for CA in aqueous medium plays a key role in the biotransformation process. The article focuses on the various factors influencing the substrate water solubility, complex stability and biotransformation of CA through the addition of CDs in order to solve many problems associated with the process of drug delivery and biotransformation of different novel steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
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Cruz A, Angelova B, Fernandes P, Cabral J, Pinheiro H. Study of key operational parameters for the side-chain cleavage of sitosterol by free mycobacterial cells in Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420412331283297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Screening for suitable solvents as substrate carriers for the microbial side-chain cleavage of sitosterol using microtitre plates. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Marques MP, Magalhães S, Cabral JM, Fernandes P. Characterization of 24-well microtiter plate reactors for a complex multistep bioconversion: From sitosterol to androstenedione. J Biotechnol 2009; 141:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lin Y, Song X, Fu J, Lin J, Qu Y. Microbial transformation of phytosterol in corn flour and soybean flour to 4-androstene-3,17-dione by Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1864-7. [PMID: 19006663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A strain that was capable of transforming the phytosterol in corn flour and soybean flour was isolated from soil and identified as Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. The main transformation product was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrum (MS), and infrared spectrum (IR). The results indicated that the product was 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD). The production of AD was increased with the increase of initial concentration of corn flour while the yield of AD was decreased. The yield of AD was lower in the media with only soybean flour. Sulfate-phosphate-ferric method (SPF) was first used for determination of the total phytosterol content in corn flour or soybean flour. The measured value by SPF method matched reasonably well with that by HPLC, which indicated the validity of SPF method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Malaviya A, Gomes J. Androstenedione production by biotransformation of phytosterols. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:6725-6737. [PMID: 18329874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Androstenedione is a key intermediate of microbial steroid metabolism. It belongs to the 17-keto steroid family and is used as starting material for the preparation of different steroids. Androstenedione can be produced by microbial side chain cleavage of phytosterol, which is an alternative to multi-step chemical synthesis. In this review, various methods of biotransformation of sterols to androstenedione are surveyed. It begins with the history and current research status in this field. The existing methods of chemical and biochemical synthesis are examined. Various issues related to these methods and how researchers have addressed them is presented. Among these, the low solubility of sterols in aqueous systems is a critical problem since it limits the product yield. The main content of this review focuses on new methods of biotransformation that are being investigated. Recent biotechnological advances in this field are presented. The review ends with a note on future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Malaviya
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Claudino MJC, Soares D, Van Keulen F, Marques MPC, Cabral JMS, Fernandes P. Immobilization of mycobacterial cells onto silicone--assessing the feasibility of the immobilized biocatalyst in the production of androstenedione from sitosterol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:2304-11. [PMID: 17596940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicone rubbers are hydrophobic, a feature that may prove advantageous if this material is to be used as immobilization matrix in bioconversion systems where hydrophobic species are present, such as sterols and mycobacterial cells. Mycobacterium sp. cells with sitosterol side chain cleavage activity were accordingly effectively adsorbed onto silicone and the potential application of the concept was assessed by matching the behavior of the resulting immobilized biocatalyst with free cells and Celite immobilized cells. Mass transfer, kinetics, thermal and storage stability characterization of a biotransformation system based in the use of the silicone immobilized biocatalyst was performed. The feasibility of biocatalyst reutilization was tentatively explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J C Claudino
- Departamento de Engenharias e Ciências Naturais, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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Sripalakit P, Wichai U, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A. Biotransformation of various natural sterols to androstenones by Mycobacterium sp. and some steroid-converting microbial strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Angelova B, Fernandes P, Spasova D, Mutafov S, Pinheiro HM, Cabral JMS. Scanning electron microscopy investigations on bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate treatedMycobacterium cells. Microsc Res Tech 2006; 69:613-7. [PMID: 16729266 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Comparative investigation of steroid transforming activity and ultrastructural changes of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP, phthalate) treated Mycobacterium sp. NRRL B-3805 cells was carried out. Transformation of beta-sitosterol into androstenedione (AD) and androstadienedione (ADD) was performed in phthalate medium by resting cells preincubated in the organic solvent for a period from 3 to 24 h. It was observed that a preincubation greater than 12 h leads to the development of dense formations on the cells surface, reduction in the cell turgor, disruption in the cell walls, and formation of zones with reduced electron density. The preincubation for 24 h causes deeper changes in the cell ultrastructure but the treated cells retain their steroid transforming activity, allowing up to 80% of the substrate to be converted into AD and ADD. A preincubation of the resting Mycobacterium cells in BEHP for 6 h might be recommended as it leads to an achievement of stoichiometrical transformation of the substrate into AD and ADD and slightly higher initial rate of the reaction performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Angelova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Wendhausen R, Frigato M, Fernandes P, Carvalho C, Cruz A, Pinheiro H, Cabral J. Chrysotile as a support for the immobilisation of Mycobacterium sp. NRRL B-3805 cells for the bioconversion of β-sitosterol in an organic–aqueous two-liquid phase system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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