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Rodríguez-Salarichs J, García de Lacoba M, Prieto A, Martínez MJ, Barriuso J. Versatile Lipases from the Candida rugosa-like Family: A Mechanistic Insight Using Computational Approaches. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:913-920. [PMID: 33555857 PMCID: PMC8479805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Lipases
are enzymes able to catalyze the hydrolysis or synthesis
of triglycerides, depending on the reaction conditions, whereas sterol
esterases show the same ability on sterol esters. Structurally, both
kinds of enzymes display an α/β-hydrolase fold, with a
substrate-binding pocket formed by a hydrophobic cavity covered by
a mobile lid. However, it has been reported that some lipases from
the Candida rugosa-like family display
wide substrate specificity on both triglycerides and sterol esters.
Among them, enzymes with different biotechnological applications,
such as the lipase isoenzymes produced by C. rugosa and the sterol esterase from Ophiostoma piceae, have been exhaustively characterized and their crystal structures
are available. Differences in substrate affinity among these proteins
have been attributed to changes in their hydrophobicity. In this work,
we analyzed the full catalytic mechanisms of these proteins using
molecular dynamics tools, gaining insight into their mechanistic properties.
In addition, we developed an in silico protocol to
predict the substrate specificity using C. rugosa and O. piceae lipases as model enzymes
and triglycerides and cholesterol esters with different fatty acid
chain lengths as model substrates. The protocol was validated by comparing
the in silico results with those described in the
literature. These results would be useful to perform virtual screening
of substrates for enzymes of the C. rugosa-like family with unknown catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Salarichs
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario García de Lacoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Department of Environmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Gabriele F, Spreti N, Del Giacco T, Germani R, Tiecco M. Effect of Surfactant Structure on the Superactivity of Candida rugosa Lipase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11510-11517. [PMID: 30152702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the effects of ionic and zwitterionic surfactants on the hydrolytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), one of the most important and widely used microbial lipases. A series of amine N-oxide surfactants was studied to explore the relationship between their molecular structures and their effect on catalytic properties of CRL. These zwitterionic amphiphiles are known for their ability to form aggregates that can increase their size, thanks to a sphere-rod transition, without any additive. Enzyme activity seemed to be improved by morphological changes of micelles from spherical to rod-like, and the structure of the monomers played a crucial role in this transition. In fact, all the amine oxides investigated provoked superactivation, but the CRL activity increased by lengthening the alkyl chain of N-oxide surfactants, whereas it decreased in the presence of bulky head groups. Superactivity was mainly because of an increase in kcat (0.57 s-1 in buffer, 0.80-1.99 s-1 in surfactant solutions) and, in some cases, a decrease in KM (2 × 10-3 M in buffer, 1.08-4.28 × 10-3 M in surfactant solutions). Micelles seemed to play a dual role: superactivity occurred at surfactant concentrations higher than their critical micelle concentration, but, on the other hand, micelles subtracted the substrate from the bulk, making it unavailable for the catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gabriele
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences , University of L'Aquila , Via Vetoio , Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Nicoletta Spreti
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences , University of L'Aquila , Via Vetoio , Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Tiziana Del Giacco
- CEMIN, Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Raimondo Germani
- CEMIN, Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Matteo Tiecco
- CEMIN, Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
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3
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Structural traits and catalytic versatility of the lipases from the Candida rugosa-like family: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:874-885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Wang R, Zhang Y, Ge J, Liu Z. Activation of enzyme nanogel in organic solvents by PEG–substrate joint imprinting. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Berlemont R, Jacquin O, Delsaute M, La Salla M, Georis J, Verté F, Galleni M, Power P. Novel Cold-Adapted Esterase MHlip from an Antarctic Soil Metagenome. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:177-88. [PMID: 24832657 PMCID: PMC4009859 DOI: 10.3390/biology2010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An Antarctic soil metagenomic library was screened for lipolytic enzymes and allowed for the isolation of a new cytosolic esterase from the a/b hydrolase family 6, named MHlip. This enzyme is related to hypothetical genes coding esterases, aryl-esterases and peroxydases, among others. MHlip was produced, purified and its activity was determined. The substrate profile of MHlip reveals a high specificity for short p-nitrophenyl-esters. The apparent optimal activity of MHlip was measured for p-nitrophenyl-acetate, at 33 °C, in the pH range of 6-9. The MHlip thermal unfolding was investigated by spectrophotometric methods, highlighting a transition (Tm) at 50 °C. The biochemical characterization of this enzyme showed its adaptation to cold temperatures, even when it did not present evident signatures associated with cold-adapted proteins. Thus, MHlip adaptation to cold probably results from many discrete structural modifications, allowing the protein to remain active at low temperatures. Functional metagenomics is a powerful approach to isolate new enzymes with tailored biophysical properties (e.g., cold adaptation). In addition, beside the ever growing amount of sequenced DNA, the functional characterization of new catalysts derived from environment is still required, especially for poorly characterized protein families like α/b hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Berlemont
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de Chimie B6a, Liège, Sart-Tilman (4000), Belgium.
| | - Olivier Jacquin
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de Chimie B6a, Liège, Sart-Tilman (4000), Belgium.
| | - Maud Delsaute
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de Chimie B6a, Liège, Sart-Tilman (4000), Belgium.
| | - Marcello La Salla
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de Chimie B6a, Liège, Sart-Tilman (4000), Belgium.
| | | | - Fabienne Verté
- Puratos Group, Industrielaan 25, Groot-Bijgarden, Belgium.
| | - Moreno Galleni
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de Chimie B6a, Liège, Sart-Tilman (4000), Belgium.
| | - Pablo Power
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de Chimie B6a, Liège, Sart-Tilman (4000), Belgium.
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6
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Influence of different immobilization techniques for Candida cylindracea lipase on its stability and fish oil hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guncheva M, Tashev E, Zhiryakova D, Tosheva T, Tzokova N. Immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa on novel phosphorous-containing polyurethanes: Application in wax ester synthesis. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Raber ML, Freeman MF, Townsend CA. Dissection of the stepwise mechanism to beta-lactam formation and elucidation of a rate-determining conformational change in beta-lactam synthetase. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:207-217. [PMID: 18955494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805390200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Clavulanic acid is a widely used beta-lactamase inhibitor whose key beta-lactam core is formed by beta-lactam synthetase. beta-Lactam synthetase exhibits a Bi-Ter mechanism consisting of two chemical steps, acyl-adenylation followed by beta-lactam formation. 32PPi-ATP exchange assays showed the first irreversible step of catalysis is acyl-adenylation. From a small, normal solvent isotope effect (1.38 +/- 0.04), it was concluded that beta-lactam synthesis contributes at least partially to kcat. Site-specific mutation of Lys-443 identified this residue as the ionizable group at pKa approximately 8.1 apparent in the pH-kcat profile that stabilizes the beta-lactam-forming step. Viscosity studies demonstrated that a protein conformational change was also partially rate-limiting on kcat attenuating the observed solvent isotope effect on beta-lactam formation. Adherence to Kramers' theory gave a slope of 1.66 +/- 0.08 from a plot of log(o kcat/kcat) versus log(eta/eta(o)) consistent with opening of a structured loop visible in x-ray data preceding product release. Internal "friction" within the enzyme contributes to a slope of > 1 in this analysis. Correspondingly, earlier in the catalytic cycle ordering of a mobile active site loop upon substrate binding was manifested by an inverse solvent isotope effect (0.67 +/- 0.15) on kcat/Km. The increased second-order rate constant in heavy water was expected from ordering of this loop over the active site imposing torsional strain. Finally, an Eyring plot displayed a large enthalpic change accompanying loop movement (DeltaH approximately 20 kcal/mol) comparable to the chemical barrier of beta-lactam formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Raber
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Michael F Freeman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Craig A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218.
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Polizelli PP, Tiera MJ, Bonilla-Rodriguez GO. Effect of Surfactants and Polyethylene Glycol on the Activity and Stability of a Lipase from Oilseeds of Pachira aquatica. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-008-1259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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12
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Domínguez de María P, Sánchez-Montero JM, Sinisterra JV, Alcántara AR. Understanding Candida rugosa lipases: an overview. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 24:180-96. [PMID: 16288844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) is one of the enzymes most frequently used in biotransformations. However, there are some irreproducibility problems inherent to this biocatalyst, attributed either to differences in lipase loading and isoenzymatic profile or to other medium-engineering effects (temperature, a(w), choice of solvent, etc.). In addition, some other properties (influence of substrate and reaction conditions on the lid movement, differences in the glycosylation degree, post-translational modifications) should not be ruled out. In the present paper the recent developments published in the CRL field are overviewed, focusing on: (a) comparison of structural and biochemical data among isoenzymes (Lip1-Lip5), and their influence in the biocatalytical performance; (b) developments in fermentation technology to achieve new crude C. rugosa lipases; (c) biocatalytical reactivity of each isoenzyme, and methods for characterising them in crude CRL; (d) state-of-the-art of new applications performed with recombinant CRLs, both in CRL-second generation (wild-type recombinant enzymes), as well as in CRL-third generation, (mutants of the wt-CRL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domínguez de María
- Biotransformations Group, Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n. E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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